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1.
Vigilia sueño ; 15(2): 128-134, jul. 2003.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-124273

ABSTRACT

Los trastornos del sueño implican un incremento de la somnolencia diurna y un importante riesgo de accidentes laborales. Además, el trabajo nocturno y a turnos es una causa conocida de trastornos de sueño y accidentes laborales. En este artículo se revisa la normativa vigente, en especial la Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, referente al trabajo a turnos y nocturno, y el estado de su aplicación en la Sanidad Pública de la Comunidad Valenciana, en particular a los médicos tras la Sentencia del Caso "Simap" del Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas. Se concluye que resulta imprescindible la aplicación completa de la Ley de Prevención mediante la evaluación de los puestos de trabajo y la revisión previa y periódica del personal, con especial atención a la detección de los trastornos del sueño. Para ello son necesarias unidades especializadas de patología del sueño. Para prevenir trastornos debidos al trabajo nocturno y a turnos es preciso que se hagan revisiones médicas previas y periódicas a estos trabajadores. Deben existir vías adecuadas para que, por motivos de salud, se exima de los turnos los trabajadores que lo precisen. Finalmente, se debe aplicar a los médicos la Directiva 93/104/UE, conforme a la Sentencia del Caso "Simap", con una Jornada Anual Máxima y un régimen adecuado de descansos (AU)


Sleep disorders are related with an increment of daily sleepiness and so with an important risk of work accidents. Night and shift work are also a well known cause of sleep disorders and work accidents. We review here the spanish laws and regulations in use about this topic, specially the Risk at Work Prevention Law, the rules in use about night work and shift work, and its application to the Public Health workers in the Valencian Community. We also explain that the judgement by the Court of Justice of the European Communitites in the Simap Case 303/98, has to change the work conditions of the Public Health physicians in Spain. We conclude that it is necessary a full application of the Prevention Law by evaluating the work places and by previous and periodic medical revisions of the night and shift workers. It is specially important to detect sleep disorders. In order to do this, we need more Sleep Units and Prevention Services. Workers with health problems, specially sleep related, should be efficiently removed from night and shift work. Finally, the Directive 93/104/UE should be applied to spanish physicians by fixing a number of maximal annual working days and an appropiate schedule of rest periods (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm/epidemiology , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/complications , Occupational Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Occupational Risks , Risk Assessment
2.
Rev Neurol ; 34(4): 372-7, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12022055

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To review current understanding of the mechanisms controlling the activity of the frontal lobes and consider simple explanations of hypotheses regarding this. DEVELOPMENT: We describe the basic functional anatomy of the frontal cortex and its relation to the basal ganglia by means of five parallel fronto subcortical circuits (motor, oculomotor, dorsolateral, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate. From the functional point of view we emphasize that the frontal cortex can keep certain zones active in relation to relevant tasks, and can be very flexible. These properties form the so called anterior attention system. We describe various recent models explaining frontal cortical activity in these terms, and emphasize those based on fronto subcortical circuits. These circuits control motor, cognitive, social and emotional behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The cortical activity of the frontal lobes is regulated by various parallel, segregated fronto subcortical circuits. These circuits permit the selection and maintenance of activity of particular cortical regions regarding relevant conduct, whilst irrelevant conduct is inhibited. In this way they constitute the basic functional mechanism of the attention system described above. For prediction of the relevance or irrelevance of the consequences of each new stimulus, the anterior cingulate cortex probably establishes comparisons with previous situations which have already been stored together with certain somatic markers which indicate their emotional significance for the organism. This cortex fulfils the anatomical conditions necessary for regulation of the activity of the basal ganglia together with the whole frontal cortex so as to permit behaviour which is orderly from the time aspect.


Subject(s)
Basal Ganglia/physiology , Frontal Lobe/physiology , Frontal Lobe/anatomy & histology , Humans , Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 371-377, 16 feb., 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27408

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Revisar el estado actual del conocimiento sobre los mecanismos que controlan la actividad de los lóbulos frontales y plantear de forma simplificada hipótesis explicativas. Desarrollo. Se describe la anatomía funcional básica de la corteza frontal y sus relaciones con los ganglios basales a través de cinco circuitos frontosubcorticales paralelos (motor, oculomotor, dorsolateral, orbitofrontal y cingulado anterior). Desde el punto de vista funcional se destaca que la corteza frontal es capaz de mantener activas determinadas zonas relacionadas con tareas relevantes y posee gran flexibilidad. Estas propiedades constituyen el denominado sistema atencional anterior. Se describen diversos modelos recientes que explican la actividad cortical frontal en estos términos, y se enfatizan los basados en los circuitos frontosubcorticales. Estos circuitos controlarían tanto el comportamiento motor como el cognitivo, social y emocional. Conclusiones. La actividad cortical de los lóbulos frontales está regulada por varios circuitos frontosubcorticales paralelos y segregados. Estos circuitos permiten seleccionar y mantener activas determinadas regiones corticales relacionadas con conductas relevantes, mientras se inhiben las no relevantes, y de este modo constituyen el mecanismo funcional básico del sistema atencional anterior. Para predecir la relevancia o irrelevancia de las consecuencias de cada nuevo estímulo, la corteza cingulada anterior establece probablemente comparaciones con situaciones similares almacenadas previamente junto con determinados `marcadores somáticos' que indican su significado emocional para el organismo. Esta corteza está en condiciones anatómicas de poder regular la actividad de los ganglios basales y con ello la de toda la corteza frontal para permitir una conducta ordenada en el tiempo (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Basal Ganglia , Frontal Lobe , Prefrontal Cortex
5.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 17(8): 425-428, ago. 2000. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-208

ABSTRACT

La carcinomatosis meníngea ocurre en el 0,8-8 porciento de los tumores sólidos. Las neoplasias que con mayor frecuencia se han asociado a esta patología son el carcinoma de mama y de pulmón de células pequeñas. Las metástasis meníngeas por carcinoma de células transicionales de vejiga son raras y generalmente aparecen en fases avanzadas de la enfermedad. A continuación se presentan dos casos de carcinomatosis meníngea como primera manifestación tumoral de un carcinoma vesical. En el primer caso se presenta un varón de 46 años que debutó con signos de afectación medular, generalizándose posteriormente con afectación de base de cráneo y encéfalo. En el segundo caso un varón de 68 años se presentó con panhipopitituarismo y linfangitis pulmonar de primario desconocido, diagnosticándose posteriormente de tumor vesical y carcinomatosis meníngea tras desarrollar hidrocefalia obstructiva. Se destaca el polimorfismo de la presentación de la carcinomatosis meníngea y la necesidad de considerar la vejiga como localización del tumor primario (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Meningeal Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/secondary , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary
6.
An Med Interna ; 17(8): 425-8, 2000 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11218991

ABSTRACT

Meningeal carcinomatosis may occur in 0.8-8% of patients with solid tumors. The most common tumors associated with that condition are breast and small cell lung cancer. Meningeal carcinomatosis from urothelial cancer is rare, and it appears described in advanced stages of disease, generally, after chemotherapy. Two cases of meningeal carcinomatosis as the first manifestation of bladder cancer were reported. In the first case, a 46-year-old man presented signs and symptoms indicative of involvement of the spinal roots, subsequently neurologic dysfunction of the brain and cranial nerves appeared. In the second case, a 68-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a history compatible with panhypopituitarism and pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from cancer of unknown primary site. Follow-up revealed a transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and hydrocephalus due to cerebrospinal fluid outflow obstruction. We emphasize in the polymorphic presentation of meningeal carcinomatosis and the necessity to consider the bladder as primary tumor localization.


Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/secondary , Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
9.
Neurologia ; 10(4): 183; discussion 183-5, 1995 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7786550
10.
Rev Clin Esp ; 193(6): 296-8, 1993 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8259453

ABSTRACT

Three healthy mountaineers had episodes of transient motor aphasia at 5,547, 8,000 and 7,000 metres respectively. In the three cases the comprehension was preserved. Aphasia was neither accompanied nor followed by headache, motor disturbances or any other neurologic symptoms and signs. We suspect that transient motor aphasia is more frequent at high altitude than can be concluded from its low frequency of apparition in the medical literature. Among the pathogenic hypotheses, we consider the disfunction of language-related brain areas due to vascular obstruction by microthrombi of platelets and fibrin or to selective hypocapnic-mediated vasoconstriction, but a diffuse metabolic illness cannot be ruled out.


Subject(s)
Altitude , Aphasia, Broca , Mountaineering/physiology , Adult , Aphasia, Broca/etiology , Aphasia, Broca/physiopathology , Humans , Male
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