ABSTRACT
Peritoneal macrophages from Wistar rats, inoculated and non-inoculated with 10(6) T. lewisi trypomastigotes, were cultured and infected with 10(6) T. gondii tachyzoites. Multiplication rates of this parasite were studied after 1, 24 and 48 h of infection but there were not significant differences between the number of parasites found inside of macrophages coming, either from T. lewisi infected or non infected rats. On the other hand, in vivo studies of Toxoplasma multiplication inside peritoneal macrophages, showed that there is an increase of parasite number in cells from T. lewisi infected rats, as compared with those macrophages from non infected rats. This effect was statistically significant and was more evident after four days of infection. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that in vivo, but not in vitro T. lewisi infections, causes an important decrease of the natural resistance to T. gondii of the white rats, which is manifested by the major invasion and multiplication of the parasite inside of peritoneal macrophages.
Subject(s)
Macrophages, Peritoneal/parasitology , Toxoplasma/growth & development , Toxoplasmosis/immunology , Trypanosoma lewisi/immunology , Animals , Immunity, Innate , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Blood inoculation in mice showed that Toxoplasma organisms circulate in blood after 1 h of oocyst infection. Parasites were detected up to 15 days later and then disappeared from the bloodstream concomitantly with cyst formation in the brain, probably due to antibody presence. Immunosuppression caused by cortisone acetate treatment induced Toxoplasma bloodstream invasion in chronically infected mice and hamsters, causing death in some. Natural dissemination is discussed in relation with congenital toxoplasmosis. Induced immunosuppressive effect is compared with that produced by natural diseases such as Hodgkin, lymphoma, AIDS and others.
Subject(s)
Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/blood , Animals , Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology , Brain/parasitology , Chronic Disease , Cortisone/analogs & derivatives , Cortisone/pharmacology , Cricetinae , Female , Immunosuppression Therapy , Male , Mice , Time Factors , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunologyABSTRACT
Blood inoculation in mice showed that Toxoplasma organisms circulate in blood after 1 h of oocyst infection. Parasites were detected up to 15 days later and then disappeared from the bloodstream concomitantly with cyst formation in the brain, probably due to antibody presence. Immunosuppression caused by cortisone acetate treatment induced Toxoplasma bloodstream invasion in chronically infected mice and hamsters, causing death in some. Natural dissemination is discussed in relation with congenital toxoplasmosis. Induced immunosuppressive effect is compared with that produced by natural diseases such as Hodgkin, lymphoma, AIDS and others
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Cricetinae , Mice , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/blood , Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology , Cerebrum/parasitology , Chronic Disease , Cortisone/analogs & derivatives , Cortisone/pharmacology , Immunosuppression Therapy , Time Factors , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/drug therapy , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunologyABSTRACT
A 206 pacientes que ingresaron al Centro de Rehabilitación para alcohólicos del Instituto Nacional sobre Alcoholismo y farmacodependencia, entre junio y diciembre de 1989, se les realizó un exámen coproparasitoscópico completo: frotis directo, sedimentación éter-formol, y técnica de Kato y de Baermann. Strongyloides stercoralis fue el parásito que se detectó con mayor frecuencia, encontrándose en 36 pacientes. Con respecto a la eficiencia de los diferentes métodos en el diagnóstico de S. stercoralis, la técnica de Baermann permitió detectar el 97.2 por ciento de los casos, el frotis directo el 55.6 por ciento y la técnica de éter-formol solo un 25 por ciento. Nuestros resultados sustentan la tesis de que el método de Baermann es la técnica diagnóstica más eficiente en el diagnóstico de la estrongiloidiasis, en comparación con el frotis directo y la técnica de sedimentación éter-formol.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Strongyloidiasis , Costa RicaABSTRACT
In an experimental model the anti--Toxoplasma effect of watermelon and cantaloupe seeds, together with sulfadiazine (Sd7.5 and Sd15) given by oral route, were studied. Combination of any of these seeds with the drug was able to increase the survival time and cure some tachyzoite infected mice. The effect was produced either by peeled or complete seeds and more significant results were obtained when Sd7.5 and 10(3) tachyzoite inoculum was used in the model. Some Toxoplasma oocyst infected mice were cured with the seeds alone (75% for watermelon, 37,5 or 50% for cantaloupe. Body weight variations are independent of the treatment with Sd alone or in combination with watermelon or cantaloupe seeds.
Subject(s)
Seeds , Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use , Toxoplasma/drug effects , Animals , Body Weight , Mice , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Toxoplasmosis/drug therapyABSTRACT
Mediante la utilización de ratones infectados experimentales con T. gondii, se estudió el efecto curativo de sulfadiazina (Sd7.5 y Sd15) combinado con semillas de sandía y de melon administrado por vía oral. La mezcla de cada una de las semillas en el alimento con la droga en el agua aumentó la supervivencia de ratones infectados con taquizotos. El efecto fue inducido igualmente por semillas completas o desprovistas de cáscara y los mejores resultados fueron obtenidos cuando se usó la concentración Sd7.5 de la droga y un inóculo de 10**3 taquizotos. Un porcentaje importante de ratones infectados con ooquistes se curó completamente no sólo con la mezcla sino también con las semillas solas de sandía (75%) y de melón (37.5 y 50%) agregadas al alimento. Las variaciones en peso no indicaron diferencia significativa entre los animales tratados con sólo la droga y los tratados además con las semillas de sandía o de melón
Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Seeds , Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use , Toxoplasmosis/drug therapy , Body Weight , Mice, Inbred Strains , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Toxoplasma/drug effectsABSTRACT
Se estudió por parásitosis intestinales muestras de heces de 500 niños de Guarderias Infantiles del Cantón Central de San José. Ascaris lumbricoides y Trichocephalus trichiurus fueron los dos helmintos de mas alta prevalencia: 25% y 37% respectivamente. Lamblia intestinalis fue el protozoario mas frecuente con 47% de positividad. La prevalencia de protozoarios no-patogenos fue alta. La presencia de A. lumbricoides. T. Trichiurus y E. histolytica se relaciono con la disponibilidad de agua potable y el tipo de servicio sanitario .
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Costa RicaABSTRACT
Rotaviruses were prospectively studied in 51 rural Costa Rican children from birth to two years. Samples of feces were collected weekly over a 33-month period. Rotavirus was detected in 45 (1.04%) of 4,317 fecal specimens; 39 infections were documented (an incidence of 0.5 infection per child-year), only five of which were associated with diarrhea (a pathogenicity of 12.8%). Secretory antibody in fecal extracts, detected in six of 39 infections, was short lived and did not protect against reinfection. Serum antibody was present in 69.6% of two-year-old children, but was not detected in 18.8% with documented infections. On the other hand, serum antibody was present in six of 14 children in whom rotavirus was not detected, thus increasing the overall incidence to 0.6 infection per child-year. The combination of prolonged breast-feeding, exposure to a lower infecting dose (compared with urban children), and a higher standard of hygiene than expected may explain the low incidence and low pathogenicity of rotavirus among these rural children.
