Varying Phenotypes of Leydig Cell Hyperplasia of the Ovary: Two Case Reports.

Leydig cell hyperplasia (LCH) is a rare cause of hyperandrogenism that has been described only in case reports. The cases presented herein contrast the traditional presentation of LCH with an affected asymptomatic individual. The first case involves a 74-year-old woman presenting with symptomatic hyperandrogenism, whose symptoms resolved after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO). The second patient presented with postmenopausal bleeding and an abdominal mass. Following total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and BSO, pathology showed ovarian LCH with concomitant endometrial cancer. The diagnosis of LCH is complex and requires careful investigation of many differential diagnoses. Incidentally discovered LCH may shed light on evolution and disease progression. Cases of LCH found in the setting of endometrial pathology may have implications on other states of testosterone excess.

Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma with synchronous early stage Fallopian adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of diagnostic and treatment considerations.

Background: Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (PESCC) remains a rare sub-type of endometrial cancer. This case is especially unique due to the incidental finding of early stage Fallopian adenocarcinoma. This report adds to the literature of this rare condition and discuss it's etiology, clinical course, and treatment regimen.Case: 65 year old postmenopausal female presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Dilation and curettage revealed endometrial highly atypical squamous epithelial proliferation. Staging procedure showed FIGO stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium, without evidence of cervical involvement. A small focus of incidental poorly differentiated FIGO stage IA adenocarcinoma of the left Fallopian tube was discovered. She underwent six cycles of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin, and has remained disease free for two years. Conclusion: Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma is poorly understood entity. Early diagnosis is critical due to the strong correlation between initial stage and survival. Biopsy of the cervix and endometrium should be considered in cases of abnormal uterine sampling. The case presented is a prototypical example of PESCC, both in presentation, pathology, and course. It is especially unique due to synchronous high grade Fallopian adenocarcinoma.