Platelet rich plasma grafting technique combined with trans-sinusal post-extractive implants placement in the posterior maxilla: a technical report and brief literature review.

The atrophic posterior ridges are usually characterized by poor bone quality and quantity: this situation requires the use of bone regenerative techniques. Other alternative surgical approaches are investigated. Nowadays the use of trans-sinus implants offers some advantages due to its feasibility. Today, bone grafting may be practical, but depends on many factors, such as the type of bone graft used (autogenous, alloplastic, or xenograft), host response, age of the patient, various complications associated with grafting procedures, infection, and, most importantly, the time spent while the grafted material matures and is taken up by the bone. So, this case report describes the feasibility of an alternative surgical technique associated to PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma).

New trends in adjunctive treatment and diagnosis in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A 10-year review.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a major disease under study for over the last twenty years. Different classifications have been proposed and many therapies for the different stages have been applied. The evolution of treatments lead to an increasingly conservative approach. Numerous adjuvant treatments have been proposed in the last decade. All these complementary treatments have been proposed mainly to resolve or reduce the painful stress, predominantly caused by bacterial infection, simplifying the wound healing process and improving patients' compliance. Nowadays "secondary" treatments, such as autologous platelet concentrates (APCs, more specifically PRP, PRGF or PRF), hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), Auto/tetracycline fluorescence-guided bone surgery (AF-GBS/TF-GBS), medical drugs like teriparatide or the combination between pentoxifylline and tocopherol, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), laser and/or low-laser therapy and ozone therapy are more or less well documented and known considering their clinical effectiveness. The aim of the present review is the evaluation of the quantity and quality of scientific studies concerning this specific topic.

Evaluation of bacterial flora composition on teeth and periodontal tissues in patients in treatment with rapid palatal expander.

Patients in treatment with rapid palatal expander (RPE) require professional assistance and more meticulous instructions on oral hygiene, since this appliance predisposes to gingivitis and caries. The aim of this work is to analyse the variability of the oral microbial flora found in patients in treatment with RPE with occlusal acrylic splint. It was also investigated whether the association of an antimicrobial mouthwash was useful during orthodontic treatment or whether regular and specific home oral hygiene manoeuvres were sufficient to maintain a good plaque control. The last goal was to highlight which of the different mouthwashes was the most effective in reducing the bacterial load. The patients were divided into 3 test groups and each one of them had a different mouthwash (chlorhexidine and sodium fluoride, fluorine, essential oils) randomly assigned. There was also a control group. Plaque samples were analysed through cultural analysis and PCR from T0 to T4 (8 months). Chlorhexidine mouthwash reduces the bacterial count by 96.08%, the fluorine by 94.50% and the essential oils by 95.74%. The results of the three mouthwashes are superimposable and although chlorhexidine gives the highest rate of bacteria reduction, its side effects lead the authors to prefer the essential oils.

Short-term in vivo evaluation of cellular DNA damage induced by fixed orthodontic appliances.

Metal ions accumulate inside the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa and damage the DNA. The aim of this study was to analyze whether DNA damage and/or apoptosis also occurs after a short-term exposure to the metals of fixed orthodontic appliances. 23 subjects were enrolled in the test group and 8 patients in the control group. Analyses performed on samples of oral mucosa were cell count, cellular viability, quantification of intracellular metal concentration, comet and micronuclei tests and quantification of intracellular Glutathione (GSH). The obtained results indicated that orthodontic appliances release metal ions, especially chromium, that cause inflammatory processes leading to DNA damages. These phenomenon are visible only after 30 days from application of fixed orthodontic appliances.