Biomechanical factors associated with patellofemoral pain in children and adolescents.

To investigate the biomechanical factors associated with patellofemoral pain in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Brazil from 2019 to 2023, involving students from public schools. Adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the outcome in relation to independent variables were calculated for association analysis, adopting a significance level of 5%. Out of the total of 283 students, 152 were female and 182 were aged between 16 and 18 years old. A positive association was observed between the presence of patellofemoral pain and a poor movement quality in both lower limbs (right side: p = 0.04 and left side: p = 0.04) as well as with dynamic valgus of the left lower limb (p < 0.01). Patellofemoral pain in children and adolescents is associated with poor movement quality in the lower limbs and dynamic valgus of the left lower limb. Actions targeting these biomechanical factors may be crucial for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of this disfunction.

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on patellofemoral pain: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) is a common dysfunction that can compromise the performance of daily activities. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been proposed as a complementary tool in the therapeutic approach. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of adding NMES to therapeutic exercises in women with PFP. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial involving 34 women with PFP (mean age 23.8 ± 4.1), randomly assigned to two groups: exercises combined with NMES (ESG) and exercises only (ExG). The ExG followed an exercise protocol, while the ESG performed the same exercises combined with NMES. Interventions were performed twice a week for eight weeks. Primary outcome measures included pain and functional disability, while secondary outcomes encompassed electromyographic activity of the quadriceps and hip abductors, along with isokinetic performance. Assessments were performed before the intervention, after 4 and 8 weeks from the start of the protocol and 8 weeks after the conclusion of the treatment. RESULTS: We did not observe difference between the groups in any of the analyzed variables. Both groups showed a reduction in pain and an improvement in functional disability during intragroup comparisons. CONCLUSION: A reduction in pain and an improvement in functional disability were observed; however, there was no additional effect of NMES. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03918863.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) in children and adolescents. METHOD: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years, who presented a history of peripatellar and/or retropatellar pain, attending elementary or high school in urban public schools in Natal, Brazil. The sample size was calculated based on a minimum outcome prevalence of 22%. RESULTS: A prevalence of 24.7% of PFPS was found. There was a positive association of PFPS with active students (p < 0.01; PR: 2.5; CI: 1.4-4.5), low functional capacity (p < 0.01; PR: 8.0; CI: 5.0-12.8), and those classified as pubertal (p < 0.03; PR: 1.8; CI: 1.0-3.2). CONCLUSION: There was a considerable prevalence of PFPS in children and adolescents, as well as an association between the level of sexual maturation and adjustable determinants, such as the level of physical activity and low functional capacity in this group.

Effects of primary health care and socioeconomic aspects on the dispersion of COVID-19 in the Brazilian Northeast: Ecological study of the first pandemic wave.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on socioeconomic and public health conditions of the population. AIM: To measure the temporal evolution of COVID-19 cases in cities near the countryside outside metropolitan areas of northeastern Brazil and the impact of the primary care organization in its containment. METHODS: This is a time-series study, based on the first three months of COVID-19 incidence in northeastern Brazil. Secondary data were used, the outcome was number of COVID-19 cases. Independent variables were time, coverage and quality score of basic health services, and demographic, socioeconomic and social isolation variables. Generalizable Linear Models with first order autoregression were applied. RESULTS: COVID-19 spreads heterogeneously in cities near the countryside of Northeastern Brazilian cities, showing associations with the city size, socioeconomic and organizational indicators of services. The Family Health Strategy seems to mitigate the speed of progression and burden of the disease, in addition to measures such as social isolation and closure of commercial activities. CONCLUSION: The spread of COVID-19 reveals multiple related factors, which require coordinated intersectoral actions in order to mitigate its problems, especially in biologically and socially vulnerable populations.

Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with peripheral stimulation in chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The combination of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with peripheral stimulation may optimize their effects and bring positive results in treatment of people with chronic pain. AREAS COVERED: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized trials was performed to investigate the combination of tDCS with peripheral stimulation in adults with chronic pain. The primary outcome was pain intensity. Six studies were included in this review (sample of 228 participants), which investigated the combination of tDCS and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, peripheral electrical stimulation, breathing-controlled electrical stimulation and intramuscular electrical stimulation. The conditions studied were knee osteoarthritis, spinal cord injury, chronic low back pain, and neurogenic pain of the arms. Pain intensity, measured by visual analog scale or numerical rating scale, was reduced in all included studies when at least one of the interventions was active, regardless they were combined or alone, with or without tDCS. However, meta-analysis showed superiority of tDCS used in combination with peripheral stimulation. EXPERT OPINION: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests positive effects of tDCS combined with peripheral stimulation in chronic pain conditions. However, the evidence of the primary outcome was classified as low quality due to the limited number of studies.

Dissemination of COVID-19 in inland cities of Northeastern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 causes the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and it is weakening all health systems. Therefore, the most vulnerable populations are exposed to harmful consequences, such as illness and death. Thus, this study aims to estimate the temporal effect of COVID-19 dissemination on social indicators of the Northeastern region of Brazil. METHODS: An ecological time-series study was developed with the following: diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in the largest inland cities of Northeast Brazil, Human Development Index (HDI), poverty incidence, and Gini coefficient. Cities with high HDI, poverty rate, and Gini presented a larger number of patients. RESULTS: It was observed by evaluating case trends that COVID-19 spreads unevenly in inland cities of the Northeastern region of Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: In this sense, we emphasize that regional health managers should support small cities with vulnerable population and social assistance.

Feasibility and safety of same day subcutaneous defibrillator implantation and send home (DASH) strategy.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and safety of same-day discharge after S-ICD implantation by implementing a specific analgesia protocol and phone follow-up. METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting for outpatient S-ICD implantation were enrolled between 1/1/2018 and 4/30/2019. An analgesia protocol included pre-operative acetaminophen and oxycodone, intraoperative local bupivacaine, and limited use of oxycodone-acetaminophen at discharge. The primary outcome was successful same-day discharge. Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3, 14, and 30 and any unplanned health care visits during the 1-month follow-up period were assessed. RESULTS: Out of 53 potentially eligible S-ICD patients, 49 patients (92.5%) were enrolled and successfully discharged on the same day. Mean age of these 49 patients was 47 ± 14 years. There were no acute procedural complications. Severe pain (NPRS ≥ 8) on POD 0, 1, and 3 was present in 14.3%, 14.3%, and 8.2% of patients, respectively. The total in-hospital stay was 534 ± 80 min. Four unplanned visits (8%) due to cardiac or device-related issues occurred during 1-month follow-up, including 2 patients with heart failure exacerbation, one patient with an incisional infection, and one patient with inappropriate shocks. CONCLUSIONS: With the appropriate institutional protocol including specific analgesics and phone follow-up, same-day discharge after outpatient S-ICD implantation is feasible and appears safe for most patients.. Device-related pain can be severe in the first 3 days post-implantation and can be successfully treated with limited supply of narcotic medications.

Feasibility of concomitant vacuum-assisted removal of lead-related vegetations and cardiac implantable electronic device extraction.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections associated with large, mobile vegetation adds to the complexity of lead extraction and is associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To show the feasibility of concomitant cardiovascular implantable electronic device extraction and vacuum-assisted removal of lead-related vegetations. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective case series of consecutive patients with persistent bacteremia, sepsis, or endocarditis despite medical therapy who have vegetations >2 cm and subsequently underwent immediate CIED lead extraction after debulking with vacuum-assisted suction. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent successful removal of 17 leads immediately after debulking of vegetations with vacuum-assisted device suction. Debulking procedure was not successful in 1 patient due to inability to direct the vacuum suction device into proper position. There were no intraprocedure complications related to the vacuum-assisted debulking. One patient required open sternotomy for tear of the coronary sinus ostium related to extraction of a left ventricular pacing electrode. There was no mortality within 30 days of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Based upon these clinical results, it is feasible for patients with infected CIED systems that have large right-sided vegetations to undergo vacuum-assisted debulking then immediately followed by percutaneous CIED removal in whom surgical removal is considered high risk.

Hemodynamic impact of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

PURPOSE: Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure has become a valid alternative to anticoagulation therapy for the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, scarce data exist on the impact of LAA closure on left atrial and ventricular function. We sought to assess the acute hemodynamic changes associated with percutaneous LAA closure in patients with paroxysmal AF. METHODS: The study population consisted of 31 patients (mean age 73 ± 10 years; 49% women) with paroxysmal AF who underwent successful percutaneous LAA closure. All patients were in sinus rhythm and underwent 2D transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and the day after the procedure. A subset of 14 patients underwent preprocedural cardiac computed tomography (CT) with 3D LA and LAA reconstruction. RESULTS: Left ventricular systolic function parameters and LA volumetric indexes remained unchanged after the procedure. No significant changes in left ventricular stroke volume (72.4 ± 16.0 vs. 73.3 ± 15.7 mL, p = 0.55) or LA stroke volume (total 15.6 ± 4.2 vs. 14.6 ± 4.2 mL, p = 0.21; passive 9.0 ± 2.8 vs. 8.3 ± 2.6 mL, p = 0.31; active 10.3 ± 5.6 vs. 10.0 ± 6.4 mL, p = 0.72) occurred following LAA closure. Mean ratio of LAA to LA volume by 3D CT was 10.2 ± 2.3%. No correlation was found between LAA/LA ratio and changes in LA stroke volume (r = 0.35, p = 0.22) or left ventricular stroke volume (r = 0.28, p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: The LAA accounts for about 10% of the total LA volume, but percutaneous LAA closure did not translate into any significant changes in LA and left ventricular function.

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for the Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVES: The benefit of implanting patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP) with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention has not been demonstrated in any randomized controlled trial. This also holds true for the most recent study on the subject. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of primary prevention using an ICD in the NICMP population. METHODS: We searched the literature for randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of ICD in reducing all-cause mortality in patients with NICMP. The primary outcome of our analysis was all-cause mortality. A fixed-effects model was used for the primary analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials focused on primary prevention of sudden cardiac death for patients with NICMP that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. They have individually failed to consistently show a benefit for the use of an ICD in this population. However, the cumulative effect of ICD implantation in patients with NICMP demonstrated a 21% relative risk reduction in mortality (Relative risk [RR]: 0.79; confidence interval: 0.66-0.95). CONCLUSION: There is a decrease in mortality with the use of ICD for primary prevention in patients with NICMP having left ventricular ejection fraction <35%.

Aplicação da banda neuromuscular e seus efeitos na alteração da flexibilidade da coluna lombar / Application of the neuromuscular band and its effects on flexibility of the lumbar spine

Introdução: A utilização da banda neuromuscular tem se tornado cada vez mais presente como uma forma auxiliar no tratamento de diversas disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Objetivo: Avaliar se aplicação da banda neuromuscular na coluna lombar aumenta a sua flexibilidade em comparação com o grupo controle, na ausência de dor. Material e métodos: Estudo experimental do tipo ensaio clínico, controlado e randomizado. A amostra foi composta por 30 sujeitos saudáveis, do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, divididos em dois grupos, 15 no grupo experimental, que usou a banda neuromuscular, e 15 no grupo controle. A flexibilidade lombar foi medida pelo teste de sentar e alcançar (TSA), índice de Schober e goniometria para flexão anterior, laterais e extensão. Resultados: No grupo controle, foi observado um aumento significativo da distância alcançada no segundo TSA (p < 0,01). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas demais variáveis. No grupo experimental, porém, não foram observadas diferenças significativas em nenhuma das variáveis, quando se comparou as avaliações que ocorreram antes e depois da aplicação da banda neuromuscular. Conclusão: O presente estudo conclui que a banda neuromuscular não foi capaz de melhorar a mobilidade e flexibilidade da coluna lombar, em nenhum dos testes de flexibilidade e para nenhum movimento da coluna avaliado. (AU)

Introduction: The use of the neuromuscular band has become increasingly present as an auxiliary form in the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. Objective: To evaluate if the application of the neuromuscular band in the lumbar spine increases its flexibility compared to a control group, in the absence of pain. Methods: Experimental study of clinical trial, controlled and randomized. The sample consisted of 30 healthy male subjects, aged between 18 and 30 years, divided into two groups, 15 in the experimental group, who used neuromuscular band, and 15 in the control group. Lumbar flexibility was measured by sit-and-reach test, Schober index and goniometry for anterior flexion, lateral and extension. Results: In the control group, a significant increase in the distance reached in the second SRT was observed (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found in the other variables. In the experimental group, however, no significant differences were observed in any of the variables, when comparing the evaluations that occurred before and after the application of the neuromuscular band. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the neuromuscular band was not able to improve the mobility and flexibility of the lumbar spine in any of the flexibility tests and for no movement of the spine evaluated.

Direct communication between the left circumflex and the right coronary arteries: a very rare coronary anomaly circulation.

Coronary artery anomalies (CAA) are congenital changes in their origin, course, and/or structure. Intercoronary communication (ICC) is a very rare subset with uni- or bidirectional blood flow between two or more coronary arteries. We present the case of a 58-year-old man with an acute coronary syndrome whose coronary angiography incidentally showed a surprising and very rare communication between the right coronary and left circumflex arteries.

Immediate effects of Kinesio Taping(®) on neuromuscular performance of quadriceps and balance in individuals submitted to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Investigate the immediate effects of Kinesio Taping(®) on neuromuscular performance of femoral quadriceps and balance in individuals submitted to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. DESIGN: This is a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Forty-seven male participants, between 12 and 17 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, underwent initial assessment consisting of postural balance analysis using baropodometry, followed by eccentric and concentric isokinetic assessment at 60°/s of knee extensors, concomitant to electromyographic signals captured from the vastus lateralis muscle. They were then randomly allocated to one of the following groups: control, placebo and Kinesio Taping(®). Kinesio Taping(®) group participants were submitted to Kinesio Taping(®) on the femoral quadriceps of the affected limb, while placebo group subjects used the same procedure without the tension proposed by the method. The control group remained at rest for 10min. All participants were reassessed following the same procedure as the initial evaluation. The following variables were analyzed: peak torque/body weight and muscle potential using dynamometry; amplitude of antero-posterior and latero-lateral displacement from the center of pressure using baropodometry; and amplitude of muscle activation (root mean square) applying surface electromyography. RESULTS: None of the variables analyzed showed significant intergroup or intragroup differences. CONCLUSIONS: Kinesio Taping(®) does not alter the neuromuscular performance of femoral quadriceps or balance of subjects submitted to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, for any of the variables analyzed.

Avaliação fisiológica invasiva da doença arterial coronária: papel da reserva de fluxo fracionado / Invasive physiological assessment of coronary artery disease: role of fractional flow reserve

Embora a angiografia coronária seja considerado o método de escolha para diagnóstica para a doença arterial coronária, ela representa um "luminograma" da superfície interna das artérias coronárias e, nem sempre fornece informação adequada e completa acerca do significa funcional de estenoses epicárdicas...