Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Bronchoscopy , Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Thyroid nodules can be biopsied by fine needle aspiration (FNA) or fine needle capillary (FNC) biopsies. However, there is controversy on whether one technique is superior to another. In a randomized cytopathologist-blinded cross-sectional study, 260 patients (238 females, age 43.2 +/- 12.6) with nodular (82.7%) and diffuse goiter (17.3%) underwent 520 FNAs and 520 FNCs (not guided by ultrasound). Smears were scored for sample adequacy, and diagnosed as malignant, benign, suspicious, or nondiagnostic. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated based on the histological findings of 58 patients submitted to surgery. Intra-technique diagnostic accuracy and sample adequacy was seen in all samples. FNA and FNC provided similar cytological diagnosis, respectively (benign: 75.8% vs. 74.2%, p = 0.600; malignant: 3.8% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.871; suspicious: 10.4% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.913; and nondiagnostic: 10.0% vs. 11.2%, p = 0.598). Adequacy scores were similar by FNA (7.94 +/- 2.84) and FNC (7.96 +/- 2.81, p = 0.909). The same proportion of adequate or superior samples was seen in both techniques (91.6%). Sensitivity was equal to 85.7% for FNA and 100% for FNC. Similarly, specificity was 100% for both techniques. FNA and FNC provide the similar sample adequacy and diagnostic accuracy. The choice of technique should be based on the operator's personal preferences and experience.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Adult , Capillary Action , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Goiter/pathology , Goiter, Nodular/pathology , Humans , Iodine Radioisotopes , Male , Middle Aged , Radionuclide Imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thyroid Gland/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A case control association study was carried out to investigate polymorphisms in genes CYP1A1 (3801T > C), GSTM1, and GSTT1 (null genotypes) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), including a correlation with some histopathological findings (tumor size, lymph node invasion and degree of tumor differentiation). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients (n = 91) and the controls (n = 81) were matched by age, sex, ethnicity and smoking habits. The molecular analysis was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restrict Length Polymorphisms PCR-RFLP (CYP1A1) and Multiplex-PCR (GSTM1/GSTT1). RESULTS: No association was found for any of the studied genes: CYP1A1 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.67-2.31), GSTM1 (OR = 0.61; CI 95% = 0.33-1.11), and GSTT1 (OR = 1.24; CI 95% = 0.65-2.38). The analysis of combining genotypes also showed lack of association. Comparison with the histopathological findings did not, in general, detect any statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms do not appear to influence the genetic susceptibility to OSCC or the progression to more advanced stages.
