Fluorescence of Esthetic Resin Composites: Spectrophotometry and Photography Analysis Techniques.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence of nine esthetic resin composite materials using two methods: spectrophotometry and photography analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three specimens were made for each shade of resin composite (61 shades from 9 resin composites), for a total of 183 specimens. To obtain a control group, the crowns of three sound human incisors were prepared to obtain both enamel and dentin specimens. Fluorescence was measured using two methods: (1) a Spectroshade Micro fluorescence spectrophotometer (MHT Optic Research, Niederhasli, Switzerland) and (2) a photograph analysis using Adobe Photoshop CC software (version 2019.0.0, Adobe Systems, Inc.). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The results were statistically analyzed with an analysis of variance (α = 0.05) and with the Tukey-Kramer adjustment. The correlation between two techniques was analyzed by Pearson correlation test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Fluorescence was highly influenced by the brand of the resin composite and less influenced by the shade (chroma), except for opaquer and incisal shades, and there was almost no difference in opacity, except for incisal shades. There was a weak (r = -0.105) and statistically not significant correlation (p = 0.145) between photography analysis and spectrophotometry techniques. CONCLUSION: The fluorescence of esthetic resin composites is more dependent on the brand than on the shade or opacity.

Effect of Application Deviations on Dentin Sealing of a Universal Adhesive: Permeability and Nanoleakage.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that deviations from the recommended protocol of a universal adhesive system, applied to dentin according to the self-etch (SE) and the etch-and-rinse (ER) techniques, has on permeability and nanoleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Permeability: 60 extracted non-carious human third molars (N = 60) were sectioned to obtain 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to three subgroups and treated with a universal adhesive system (Prime&Bond Active Universal) using the SE and ER techniques: (1) following the manufacturer's instructions with 5 seconds drying (MFR DRY 5S), (2) following the MFR DRY 10S, and (3) reduced application time of the adhesive to 5 seconds (APPL 5S). Nanoleakage: 12 additional 0.7-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared, treated and divided into six groups. They were immersed in 50 wt% ammoniacal silver nitrate and processed according to conventional methods for the analysis of nanoleakage under transmission electron microscopy. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The results were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni's test. RESULTS: Significant differences in permeability reduction were observed among the treatment groups (0.001). The results obtained for APPL 5S were significantly lower than the results obtained for both the MFR DRY 5S (p = 0.003) and MFR DRY 10S (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The reduced application time to 5 seconds creates imperfect dentin tubule sealing, which may explain clinical reports of postoperative sensitivity and early degradation of the resin-dentin interface.

24-Month Clinical Performance of a Universal Adhesive on Non-Carious Cervical Lesions: Self-Etch and Etch-and-Rinse Techniques.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 24-month clinical performance of Adhese Universal (ADH) (Ivoclar Vivadent) using two different application modes (etch-and-rinse vs self-etch) when restoring non-carious cervical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients participated in this study. A total of 117 non-carious cervical lesion restorations (N = 117) were assigned to two groups: 1) ADH in the etch-and-rinse mode (n = 59) and 2) ADH in the self-etch mode (n = 58). The same resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent) was used for all restorations. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 24 months using the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. The results were analyzed statistically using the McNemar test (α = 0.05) and a generalized estimating equation. RESULTS: In self-etch mode, significant differences were found for marginal coloring (p = 0.002), marginal adaptation (p = 0.031), and hypersensitivity (p = 0.031) between baseline and the end of the 24-month period. In the etch-and-rinse mode, significant differences were found for marginal coloring (p = 0.004), fractures/retention (p = 0.002), marginal adaptation (p = 0.002), and hypersensitivity (p = 0.000). Significant differences were also detected between groups at 24 months for fractures/retention (p = 0.001). At 24 months, 10 restorations of the etch-and-rinse group were lost and 2 restorations of the self-etch group were lost. CONCLUSION: In terms of fractures and retention criteria, this universal adhesive obtained better results when applied in self-etch mode than in etch-and-rinse mode.

Dentin adhesives application deviations: Effects on permeability and nanoleakage.

The purpose was to evaluate the effect that deviations from the recommended protocol of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system has on permeability and nanoleakage. One hundred and twenty dentin disks were treated with a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system, according to the manufacturer's instructions, or using five simulated deviations from the recommended protocol: applying potassium oxalate, reducing the application time of the adhesive, avoiding adhesive drying, aggressively drying the adhesive, and double application of adhesive. Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's post hoc comparisons were used to evaluate the permeability reduction (α=0.05). Twelve additional dentin disks were prepared for transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis of nanoleakage. Aggressive drying, adding additional layers of adhesive or using oxalate reduced dentin permeability and yielded a better infiltration of the hybrid layer, whereas reducing the application time or less drying the adhesive did not to reduce dentin permeability, caused extensive nanoleakage, showing immediate compromised dentin sealing.

Microtensile bond strength to dentin and enamel of self-etch vs. etch-and-rinse modes of universal adhesives.

PURPOSE: To compare the immediate microtensile bond strengths (µTBSs) of four mild self-etch universal adhesives applied to dentin and enamel with self-etch and etch-and-rinse techniques. METHODS: Flat middle dentin surfaces from 104 human teeth and two enamel fragments from another 104 human teeth were randomly distributed into eight groups according to the various adhesive systems used: Scotchbond Universal (SBU) [etch-and-rinse mode vs. self-etch mode]; Optibond XTR (OPT) [ etch-and-rinse mode vs. self-etch mode]; Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CL) [ etch-and-rinse mode vs. self-etch mode]; and Adhese Universal (ADH) [etch-and-rinse mode vs. self-etch mode]. After 24 hours of water storage, the bonded sticks were tested for µTBS. The differences in the pre-test failure and fracture-failure modes were tested by a two-way ANOVA and GEE model analysis. Bond-strength data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA and mixed-model analysis. RESULTS: : For dentin, the mean µTBS was statistically different among the four adhesives, but not different between the self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes. For enamel, the mean µTBS was statistically different among the four adhesives, as was the application mode. GEE model analysis revealed a statistically significant adhesive failure rate proportion among the four types of adhesives for both enamel and dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Etching enamel prior to the application of a universal adhesive can be recommended as an approach to enhance bond strength.

[Validation of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance index among the Portuguese population]. / Validação do Oral Impacts on Daily Performances para a população portuguesa.

The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire is an oral health-related quality of life indicator. It was developed in order to assess the influence of oral conditions on the self-ability to execute daily activities. The main goal of this research was to validate the OIDP for the Portuguese population aged 18 years and above. The first step was to obtain a provisional Portuguese version of the OIDP: the original was translated from English and then back-translated. Some linguistic changes were made, and the final Portuguese version was obtained, which was duly approved by a review committee, whose members included researchers and translators. Subsequently, a pilot study was conducted with 36 subjects (26 on paper and 10 online). Lastly, the final study was performed collecting data online from 513 subjects. Chronbach's alpha (0.67) and the alpha for standardized items (0.69) were established for reliability. Validity was studied in its various aspects: face, content, construct and concurrent validity. The OIDP-PT revealed good psychometric properties and is a reliable and valid instrument that can be applied to the Portuguese population.

O "Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP)" é um indicador de qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral. Foi desenvolvido com o intuito de avaliar o impacto das condições orais na capacidade de o indivíduo desempenhar atividades diárias. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi validar o OIDP para a população Portuguesa, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Começou-se por obter uma versão portuguesa provisória: traduziu-se o original inglês e retro traduziu-se. Fizeram-se adaptações linguísticas e obteve-se a versão portuguesa do OIDP (OIDP-PT), aprovada por uma comissão de revisão composta por investigadores e tradutores. Fez-se o estudo piloto, com 36 participantes (26 em papel e 10 "online"). Por fim, realizou-se o estudo final com 513 participantes, tendo a recolha de dados sido feita "online". Ao nível da confiabilidade, determinou-se o alfa de Cronbach (0,67) e o alfa com base em itens padronizados (0,69). A validade foi estudada nas suas várias vertentes: validade de face, de conteúdo, de construto e concorrente. O OIDP-PT mostrou ter boas propriedades psicométricas e ser um instrumento confiável e válido para ser aplicado à população portuguesa.

Validação do Oral Impacts on Daily Performances para a população portuguesa / Validation of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance index among the Portuguese population

Resumo O "Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP)" é um indicador de qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral. Foi desenvolvido com o intuito de avaliar o impacto das condições orais na capacidade de o indivíduo desempenhar atividades diárias. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi validar o OIDP para a população Portuguesa, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Começou-se por obter uma versão portuguesa provisória: traduziu-se o original inglês e retro traduziu-se. Fizeram-se adaptações linguísticas e obteve-se a versão portuguesa do OIDP (OIDP-PT), aprovada por uma comissão de revisão composta por investigadores e tradutores. Fez-se o estudo piloto, com 36 participantes (26 em papel e 10 "online"). Por fim, realizou-se o estudo final com 513 participantes, tendo a recolha de dados sido feita "online". Ao nível da confiabilidade, determinou-se o alfa de Cronbach (0,67) e o alfa com base em itens padronizados (0,69). A validade foi estudada nas suas várias vertentes: validade de face, de conteúdo, de construto e concorrente. O OIDP-PT mostrou ter boas propriedades psicométricas e ser um instrumento confiável e válido para ser aplicado à população portuguesa.

Abstract The Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire is an oral health-related quality of life indicator. It was developed in order to assess the influence of oral conditions on the self-ability to execute daily activities. The main goal of this research was to validate the OIDP for the Portuguese population aged 18 years and above. The first step was to obtain a provisional Portuguese version of the OIDP: the original was translated from English and then back-translated. Some linguistic changes were made, and the final Portuguese version was obtained, which was duly approved by a review committee, whose members included researchers and translators. Subsequently, a pilot study was conducted with 36 subjects (26 on paper and 10 online). Lastly, the final study was performed collecting data online from 513 subjects. Chronbach's alpha (0.67) and the alpha for standardized items (0.69) were established for reliability. Validity was studied in its various aspects: face, content, construct and concurrent validity. The OIDP-PT revealed good psychometric properties and is a reliable and valid instrument that can be applied to the Portuguese population.

Effect of incorrect primer application on dentin permeability.

PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro the effect of clinical primer application errors on human dentin permeability. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference in dentin permeability reduction with the use of a total-etch three-step (TE3) dentin adhesive system among the treatment groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy extracted noncarious human third molars were sectioned to obtain 0.7-mm-thick midcoronal dentin disks. The specimens were randomly assigned to 5 groups and treated with a total-etch three-step (TE3) ethanol/water-based dentin adhesive system, Optibond FL (Kerr; Orange, CA, USA), according to manufacturer's instructions using 4 simulated application errors: short application of primer by immediate drying; no primer application; no drying of primer; aggressive drying of primer. Permeability of dentin was measured as fluid filtration at baseline and after adhesive polymerization. Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's post-hoc comparisons were used to evaluate permeability reduction differences among groups (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The null hypothesis was rejected (p < 0.0001). The data provided strong evidence that the distribution of percentage permeability reduction differed among the 5 treatment groups (p < 0.0001). All possible pairwise comparisons of the groups were statistically significant. The highest mean percentage of permeability reduction was observed in the group where manufacturer's instructions were followed (99.4+/-1.0), followed by the aggressive drying primer group (86.7+/-11.1), the shortened primer application group (73.01+/-12.0), the no-drying primer group (48.44 +/-19.9), and, finally, the no-primer group (22.33+/-7.7). CONCLUSION: The incorrect primer application allowed significant dentin permeability. Strict adherence to recommended clinical application of dentinal adhesives is fundamental to achieve good dentin tubule sealing.