Bloqueo de nervios periféricos guiados por ecografía en pacientes con hemofilia / Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks in hemophilia with patients

INTRODUCTION: Hemophilia is a coagulation disorder; it is a recessive disease linked to the X chromosome. In patients with hemophilia (PWH), regional anesthetic blocks have been considered a contraindication. Safety has been increased by performing them guided by Ultrasound. The objective of our work is to show our experience in PWH and peripheral nerve blocks. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 41 PWH were operated under regional analgesia with Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks associated with general anesthesia in the period 2006-2019. All patients were Hemophilia A. Three patients had inhibitors. The mean age was 35 years. 40 lower limb blocks and 2 upper limb blocks were performed. The Sonosite® equipment model Micromaxx was used. RESULTS: All patients presented adequate peripheral nerve block for an average time of 12.5 hours (8-24). There were no complications. CONCLUSIÓN: The present study shows that Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks in PCH is a safe procedure, which reduces the requirements of opioids and the side effects of them, improving the postoperative period and the recovery of patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hemofilia es un trastorno de la coagulación, es una enfermedad recesiva ligada al cromosoma X. En pacientes con hemofilia (PCH) los bloqueos regionales anestésicos se han considerado una contraindicación. Se ha aumentado la seguridad realizándolos guiados por Ecografía. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es mostrar nuestra experiencia en PCH y bloqueos de nervios periféricos. MATERRIAL Y MÉTODO: 41 PCH fueron operados bajo analgesia regional con Bloqueos de Nervios Periféricos Guiados por Ecografía asociado a la anestesia general en el período 2006-2019. Todos los pacientes eran hemofilia A. Tres pacientes presentaban inhibidores. La edad media fue de 35 años. Se realizaron 40 bloqueos de miembros inferiores y 2 bloqueos miembros superiores. Se utilizó el equipo Sonosite® modelo Micromaxx. RESULTADOS: Todos los pacientes presentaron adecuado bloqueo de nervio periférico durante un tiempo promedio de 12,5 h (8-24). No se presentaron complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente estudio muestra que los Bloqueos de Nervios Periféricos Guiados por Ecografía en PCH es un procedimiento seguro, que reduce los requisitos de los opioides y los efectos secundarios de ellos, mejorando el posoperatorio y la recuperación de los pacientes.

Minimally invasive surgery for haemophilic pseudotumour of the limbs: 28 years of experience.

INTRODUCTION: Haemophilic pseudotumour (HP) is an encapsulated haematoma in patients with haemophilia (PWH) which has a tendency to progress and produce clinical symptoms related to its anatomical location. AIM: To show the experience of one surgeon who has been using mini-invasive technique to treat pseudotumours of limbs in PWH with and without inhibitors at one centre for 28 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with 39 HP were treated. All patients had haemophilia A. Twenty-four patients had no inhibitors (72.8%), and 9 had inhibitors (27.2%). The mean follow-up was 16 years (1-25). All patients had x-rays and MRIs. All of them received Buenos Aires protocol as conservative treatment for 6 weeks. MRIs were repeated after 6 weeks' treatment to assess response to treatment. Surgery was performed in patients who did not respond to conservative treatment. RESULTS: After Buenos Aires protocol, four pseudotumours did not shrink (10.24%), 33 (84.61%) shrank, and two (5.12%) healed. Thirty-seven pseudotumours had surgery, 35 pseudotumours (94.59%) healed with minimally invasive treatment, and two did not heal (5.41%). No infection was observed with this treatment. The mortality rate for the series was 0%. CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive treatment of pseudotumours was effective in 95% of the cases and resulted in no mortality in this series after 28 years.

Intertrochanteric partial osteotomy for posterior hip approach.

The posterior dislocation remains one unresolved complication of the posterior approach to the hip joint. In this study, a variation of the posterior hip approach - a partial osteotomy of the greater trochanter - was performed in order to investigate whether it provides better stability to the operated hip joint and reduces the risk of dislocation. We carried out a partial intertrochanteric osteotomy, initially in a cadaveric model and then in 68 patients (30 acute neck of femur fractures and 38 patients with hip osteoarthritis) requiring a total hip replacement. The osteotomised fragment was reattached with wires. All arthroplasties were cemented with Müller acetabular component and Charnley-type stem with a 28-mm interchangeable neck. Intraoperatively, all hips were tested for stability. After the osteosynthesis of the osteotomised fragment, hip dislocation points were increased more than 15% in the flexion and 10% in the internal rotation plane of movement. At one year follow up, no dislocation was observed in the clinical component of the study. This technique was found reliable in providing a stable hip joint.