ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In this retrospective real-life study in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients, we analyzed clinical and biologic features distinguishing patients with rapidly progressing disease while receiving lenalidomide therapy from those without progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: According to time of stopping lenalidomide, patients were subdivided into 3 groups: early stop (ES) (n = 23), when therapy was discontinued within 6 months; intermediate (INT) (n = 23), when therapy was stopped between 7 to 24 months; and long survival (LS) (n = 45), when therapy was maintained for more than 2 years. The median age of the whole cohort was 70 years (range, 42-85 years); 40% had an International Staging System score of 2 or 3. RESULTS: High-risk cytogenetic findings, including 1q gain, was reported in 65% ES, 43% INT, and 21% LS. Overall response rate was 63%, with median progression-free survival and overall survival of 33 and 56 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although high-risk cytogenetic findings negatively affect progression-free survival and overall survival, 28% of cytogenetic high-risk patients experienced long survival, provided that lenalidomide therapy was not discontinued, thus pointing to the role of maintenance therapy in this subset of patients.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chromosome Banding , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lenalidomide , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma/genetics , Multiple Myeloma/mortality , Multiple Myeloma/pathology , Proportional Hazards Models , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Thalidomide/administration & dosage , Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultSubject(s)
Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Pericarditis/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pericarditis/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Secondary Prevention , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To verify whether a hereditary bleeding tendency, such as von Willebrand disease (vWD) type IIB, protects against the onset of atherosclerosis. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with vWD type IIB and 24 healthy controls, matched for common atherosclerotic risk factors. All patients were evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound of the common carotid, carotid bifurcation, common femoral artery, brachial artery, and abdominal aorta, investigating intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of plaques in each arterial district. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery was used to test endothelial function. RESULTS: vWD type IIB patients presented no significant difference in IMT in any arterial district. FMD showed no differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative clotting defect characteristic of vWD type IIB does not seem to protect against atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/complications , Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , von Willebrand Diseases/complications , von Willebrand Diseases/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Atherosclerosis/prevention & control , Brachial Artery/diagnostic imaging , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography , von Willebrand Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
Whether carriers of hemophilia are protected against the development of atherosclerosis is controversial. In a case-control study, the presence of atherosclerosis was assessed and quantified with echo-color Doppler of all explorable arterial districts in 50 carriers of hemophilia and in 50 age-matched control individuals. All participants submitted to echo-color Doppler of carotid and femoral axis, of brachial arteries, and of the abdominal aorta. The presence and grade of atherosclerotic plaques were assessed, as well as the intima-media thickness (IMT). At least one atherosclerotic plaque was found in six cases (12.0%) versus 15 controls (30.0%); referring to the total number of plaques, 30% of them were evaluated in patients affected by decreased coagulation while 70% in subjects with normal levels of FVIII. In all the examined districts, the mean IMT was significantly lower in patients with hemophilia than in controls. Hemophilia protects against asymptomatic atherosclerosis.
