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1.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 24(1): 48-55, ene.-feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-900489

ABSTRACT

Resumen La estenosis aórtica severa de flujo bajo, gradiente bajo y la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo conservada es una entidad frecuente en la práctica clínica. Probablemente, represente una fase más avanzada de la enfermedad con una mayor carga soportada o de más larga data y con una fisiopatología restrictiva. Existen características clínicas, hemodinámicas y ecocardiográficas típicas. Se trata de una entidad infradiagnosticada y como consecuencia infratratada con un claro peor pronóstico con tratamiento conservador. Se necesita en muchos casos el apoyo de la «multiimagen¼ para un adecuado diagnóstico y elección del momento terapéutico. La sustitución valvular en los pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa y flujo bajo paradójico, parecen tener una mayor mortalidad a corto y largo plazo al compararla en los pacientes con flujo normal y similar si lo hacemos frente a la estenosis aórtica de bajo flujo y fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo deprimida. Existe una menor mortalidad con la implantación transcatéter de válvula aórtica comparándolo frente al tratamiento médico en pacientes con estenosis aórtica severa sintomática con flujo bajo, tanto la fracción de eyección baja como el flujo bajo paradójico, considerados inoperables. No parecen existir evidencias actuales para recomendar el abordaje percutáneo frente al recambio valvular aórtico quirúrgico en los pacientes de alto riesgo quirúrgico con estenosis aórtica con flujo bajo paradójico.


Abstract Low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction of the left ventricle is a frequent entity of clinical practice. It can probably represent a more advance phase of the illness with a heavier load or time frame and a restrictive pathophysiology. There are typical clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic characteristics. It is an underdiagnosed condition, and as such it is undertreated, with a clearly worse prognosis with conservative treatment. In many cases, the help of «multiimaging¼ is required for an appropriate diagnosis and choosing the therapeutic moment. Valve replacement in patients with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient severe aortic stenosis seem to show higher mortality in the short and long term when compared to patients with normal flow, and similar mortality if compared to low-flow aortic stenosis with depressed ejection fraction of the left ventricle. There is a lower mortality with the transcatheter aortic valve implantation in comparison with treatment of patients with symptomatic low-flow severe aortic stenosis, both for a low ejection fraction and for the paradoxical low flow, considered inoperable. No current evidence seems to exist to recommend percutaneous approach versus aortic valve replacement in high surgical risk patients with aortic stenosis with paradoxical low flow severe aortic stenosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aortic Valve Stenosis , Stroke Volume , Blood Pressure , Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
2.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 59(9): 897-904, 2006 Sep.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17020702

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Single-lead VDD pacing provides the physiological benefits of atrioventricular synchrony with the convenience of a single-lead system. However, concern remains about the method's safety and effectiveness. METHOD: In total, 700 patients with single-lead VDD pacemakers were evaluated retrospectively. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, etiology, the symptoms and electrocardiographic diagnosis that justified pacemaker implantation, the venous access route used for implantation, atrial sensing at implantation, atrial undersensing at follow-up, the occurrence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, and final pacing mode. RESULTS: Third-degree atrioventricular block was the main indication for pacemaker implantation (66.4%). The most commonly used venous access route was via the right cephalic vein (49.1%). At implantation, the mean atrial signal was 1.8 (4 1.15) mV. During follow-up, significant atrial undersensing occurred in 7.7% of patients; in 1.9%, it could not be corrected by device reprogramming. Uncontrollable supraventricular arrhythmias were observed in 6.4% of patients. Symptomatic sinus node disease was rare. By the end of follow-up, 91.4% of patients were still on VDD pacing, while, in 8.3%, the pacemaker had to be reprogrammed to the VVI mode. Only 0.3% required atrial lead implantation for DDD pacing. Left-side venous access during implantation was a independent predictora of atrial undersensing at follow-up. Low values of atrial detection at implant did not reach statistical signification although it showed a remarkable trend. CONCLUSIONS: Single-lead VDD pacing seems to be safe and effective when appropriately indicated. Our findings are consistent with those of previously published studies.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Heart Block/therapy , Pacemaker, Artificial , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/adverse effects , Electrodes, Implanted/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Safety , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(9): 897-904, sept. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049926

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos. La estimulación VDD monosonda proporciona los beneficios fisiológicos de la sincronía auriculoventricular, sumando a ello la comodidad de ser un sistema de cable único. No obstante, la inquietud que generan su seguridad y eficacia parece mantenerse todavía. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo en 700 pacientes portadores de marcapasos con estimulación VDD monosonda. Los parámetros analizados fueron: edad, sexo, etiología, síntomas y diagnóstico electrocardiográfico que motivaron el implante, vía venosa de acceso, detección auricular al implante, infradetección auricular durante el seguimiento, episodios de taquiarritmias supraventriculares y modo de estimulación final. Resultados. La indicación prioritaria de implante fue el bloqueo auriculoventricular de tercer grado (66,4%). La vena cefálica derecha fue la vía de acceso más comúnmente utilizada (49,1%). La detección auricular media al implante fue 1,84 ± 1,15 mV. Durante el seguimiento un 7,7% de los casos presentó infradetección auricular inaceptable, que no se pudo corregir mediante reprogramación en el 1,9%. Se observó aparición de taquiarritmias supraventriculares incontrolables en el 6,4% de los pacientes. La presencia de disfunción sinusal sintomática fue testimonial. Al final del seguimiento, el 91,4% de los pacientes persistían en modo de estimulación VDD, se tuvo que reprogramar en VVI a un 8,3% y sólo un 0,3% precisó el implante de una sonda auricular para estimular en DDD. Las vías venosas de acceso izquierdo fueron un predictor independiente de infradetección auricular. Valores bajos de detección auricular al implante mostraron una clara tendencia, aunque sin llegar a la significación estadística. Conclusiones. La estimulación VDD monosonda es segura y eficaz cuando la indicación es correcta. Comparando nuestros resultados con los estudios publicados, encontramos correlación en términos de seguridad y eficacia (AU)


Introduction and objectives. Single-lead VDD pacing provides the physiological benefits of atrioventricular synchrony with the convenience of a single-lead system. However, concern remains about the method's safety and effectiveness. Method. In total, 700 patients with single-lead VDD pacemakers were evaluated retrospectively. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, etiology, the symptoms and electrocardiographic diagnosis that justified pacemaker implantation, the venous access route used for implantation, atrial sensing at implantation, atrial undersensing at follow-up, the occurrence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, and final pacing mode. Results. Third-degree atrioventricular block was the main indication for pacemaker implantation (66.4%). The most commonly used venous access route was via the right cephalic vein (49.1%). At implantation, the mean atrial signal was 1.8 (4 1.15) mV. During follow-up, significant atrial undersensing occurred in 7.7% of patients; in 1.9%, it could not be corrected by device reprogramming. Uncontrollable supraventricular arrhythmias were observed in 6.4% of patients. Symptomatic sinus node disease was rare. By the end of follow-up, 91.4% of patients were still on VDD pacing, while, in 8.3%, the pacemaker had to be reprogrammed to the VVI mode. Only 0.3% required atrial lead implantation for DDD pacing. Left-side venous access during implantation was a independent predictora of atrial undersensing at follow-up. Low values of atrial detection at implant did not reach statistical signification although it showed a remarkable trend. Conclusions. Single-lead VDD pacing seems to be safe and effective when appropriately indicated. Our findings are consistent with those of previously published studies (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Pacemaker, Artificial , Heart Block/therapy , Electrodes, Implanted , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Rev Esp Cardiol ; 56(7): 735-7, 2003 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12855157

ABSTRACT

Intramyocardial dissecting hematoma is an infrequent complication of subacute myocardial infarction. Pathological findings consist of a cavity filled with blood, the outer wall of which is the myocardium and pericardium and the inner wall, which faces the ventricular cavity, is part of the myocardium and endocardium. There is scarce information on the subject and the management of these patients continues to be debated. However, there is a certain preference for surgical repair of the defect. Cases in which conservative treatment is a therapeutic option have been reported. We report the case of a patient with an intramyocardial dissecting hematoma after acute anterolateral myocardial infarction who was treated conservatively and achieved a satisfactory outcome in the intermediate-to-long term period.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathies/therapy , Hematoma/therapy , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Hematoma/etiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
5.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(7): 735-737, jul. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-28089

ABSTRACT

El hematoma disecante intramiocárdico es una complicación infrecuente de la fase subaguda del infarto agudo de miocardio. El hallazgo anatomopatológico es una cavidad sanguínea limitada exteriormente por miocardio y pericardio, y hacia la cavidad ventricular por el resto del miocardio y el endocardio. Existe cierta controversia respecto a la actitud a seguir y, aunque hay cierta preferencia por el tratamiento quirúrgico de reparación del defecto, se han descrito casos en los que el seguimiento médico podría ser una opción válida. Presentamos el caso de un hematoma disecante intramiocárdico secundario a un infarto agudo de miocardio anterolateral que se trató de forma conservadora, con una evolución satis-factoria a medio-largo plazo (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Myocardial Infarction , Hematoma , Cardiomyopathies
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