Sports participation is inversely associated with C-reactive protein levels in adolescents: ABCD Growth Study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between sports participation and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in adolescents and to identify the possible role of mediation developed by trunk fatness (TF). METHODS: Cross-sectional design, part of the longitudinal study entitled "Analysis of Behaviors of Children During Growth" (ABCD Growth Study), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. The sample comprised 259 adolescents (14.7 ± 2.1 [182 boys and 77 girls]) stratified according to sex and engagement in sports in agreement with the inclusion criteria: absence of any known diseases; previous engagement in sports for at least 12 months (≥300 minutes weekly); no regular engagement in sports in the previous 12 months (non-regular sports participation or <300 min/wk); written parental consent and adolescents' assent both signed. Engagement in sports was self-reported. CRP levels were used to assess the inflammatory status. TF was estimated by a densitometer scanner. Age, biological maturation, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were treated as covariates. RESULTS: There was no mediation effect of TF in the association of any indicators of sports practice and CRP. However, a direct effect of sports was observed on CRP levels when considering previous months of engagement, frequency, and volume of sports for boys and also previous months of engagement in sports for girls. CONCLUSION: Previous sports participation and the amount of engagement in sports per week (≥300 min/wk) presented an inverse relationship with CRP levels; however, trunk fatness did not mediate this process.

Association between Cluster of Lifestyle Behaviors and HOMA-IR among Adolescents: ABCD Growth Study.

Objective: To analyze the association of potential risk factors to health with body fatness and insulin resistance. Baseline measures of the ongoing longitudinal Analysis of Behaviors of Children During (ABCD) Growth Study. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed of 280 adolescents of both sexes (198 boys and 82 girls) aged from 10 to 18 years. Four risk factors were considered, as follows: no sports practice, skipping breakfast, poor sleep quality, and TV viewing. The outcomes considered were insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body fatness (densitometer scanner). Age, sex, maturity offset, and ethnicity were treated as covariates. Results: No sports practice and skipping breakfast were associated with higher body fatness (Sports practice: Wald: 8.786; p = 0.003. Breakfast: Wald: 9.364; p = 0.002). Poor sleep quality was related to a greater HOMA-IR index (Wald: 6.013; p = 0.014). Adolescents with ≥3 risk factors presented a higher risk of high HOMA-IR (OR = 4.89 (95%CI: 1.61 to 14.84)) than their counterparts with no risk factors. Conclusion: Lifestyle risk factors seem relevant to affect obesity and insulin resistance, while the aggregation of these risk factors affects insulin resistance, independent of adiposity.

Sport-based physical activity recommendations and modifications in C-reactive protein and arterial thickness.

We analyzed the effects of 1 year of engagement in ≥ 300 min/week of organized sports on inflammatory levels and vascular structure in adolescents. The sample was composed of 89 adolescents (11.6 ± 0.7 years old [43 boys and 46 girls]), stratified according to engagement in ≥ 300 min/week of sport practice during at least 12 months of follow-up (n = 15, sport practice; n = 74, non-sport practice). Arterial thickness (carotid and femoral) was assessed by ultrasound scan, while high sensitive C-reactive protein levels were used to assess inflammatory status. Trunk fatness (densitometry scanner), biological maturation (age at peak height velocity), blood pressure, and skipping breakfast were treated as covariates. Independently of body fatness and biological maturation, the group engaged in sports presented a higher reduction in C-reactive protein (mean difference -1.559 mg/L [95%CI -2.539 to -0.579]) than the non-sport group (mean difference -0.414 mg/L [95%CI -0.846 to 0.017]) (p = 0.040). There was a significant relationship between changes in C-reactive protein and changes in femoral intima-media thickness in the non-sport group (r = 0.311 [95%CI 0.026 to 0.549]). CONCLUSION: Inflammation decreased in adolescents engaged in organized sports, independently of trunk fatness and biological maturation. Moreover, inflammation was related to arterial thickening only in adolescents not engaged in sports. What is Known: • Intima media thickness is a relevant marker of cardiovascular disease in pediatric groups, being affected by obesity and inflammation. • The importance of monitoring inflammatory markers from childhood is enhanced by the fact that alterations in these inflammatory markers in early life predict inflammation and alterations in carotid IMT in adulthood. What is New: • Anti-inflammatory properties related to physical exercise performed at moderate intensity, on inflammation and alterations in IMT are not clear in pediatric groups. • Due to the importance that sport participation has assumed as a promoter of improvements in health and quality of life, it is necessary to understand its potential benefits for cardiovascular health during human growth.

The Impact of Training Load on Bone Mineral Density of Adolescent Swimmers: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

PURPOSE: To investigate the mediating effect of muscle mass on the relationship between training load and bone density in adolescent swimmers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 87 control and 22 swimmers aged 10-19 years (overall sample: n = 109). Swimmers had a minimum of 1 year of competition in regional and national championships, and control adolescents reported 1 year without any organized sport. Bone density was the main outcome (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), which was measured in upper limbs, lower limbs, spine, and whole body. Monthly training load was the independent variable, while the mediation effect of lean soft tissue was assessed. Maturity offset, age, inflammation, and vitamin D intake were treated as covariates. RESULTS: Swimmers had lower bone density than controls; there was a significant and positive relationship between training load and muscle mass. In boys, training load presented a negative correlation with bone density in lower limbs [r = -.293; 95% confidence interval (CI), -.553 to -.034]. In girls, training load was negatively related to bone mineral density in lower limbs (r = .563; 95% CI, -.770 to -.356) and whole body (r = -.409; 95% CI, -.609 to -.209). CONCLUSION: Training load had a negative relationship on bone density of swimmers of both sexes, independently of the positive effect of lean soft tissue on bone density.

Accuracy of different cutoff points of body mass index to identify overweight according to body fat values estimated by DEXA / Precisão de diferentes pontos de corte do índice de massa corporal para identificar sobrepeso de acordo com valores de gordura corporal estimados por DEXA

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of different cutoff points of body mass index for predicting overweight/obesity according to body fat values estimated by DEXA among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 229 male adolescents aged 10-15 years, in which body adiposity and anthropometric measures were assessed. Nutritional status was classified by BMI according to cutoff points described in scientific literature. Results: Moderate agreements were observed between body fat estimated by DEXA and cutoffs proposed by Cole et al. (K = 0.61), Conde and Monteiro (K = 0.65), Must et al. (K = 0.61) and WHO (K = 0.63). The BMI in continuous form showed good agreement with the Dexa (ICC = 0.72). The highest sensitivity was observed for cutoff by Conde and Monteiro (0.74 [0.62, 0.84]) and the highest specificity by Cole et al. (0.98 [0.94, 0.99]). For the areas under the ROC curve of cutoff points analyzed, significant difference comparing the cutoff points by Cole et al. and Conde and Monteiro (0.0449 [0.00294, 0.0927]) was observed. Conclusions: The cutoff proposed by Conde and Monteiro was more sensitive in identifying overweight and obesity when compared to the reference method, and the cutoff proposed by Cole et al. presented the highest specificity for such outcomes.

Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de diferentes pontos de corte do índice de massa corporal para o prognóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade de acordo com os valores de gordura corporal estimados por absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DEXA) entre adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal que inclui 229 adolescentes do sexo masculino entre 10-15 anos, no qual foram avaliadas a adiposidade corporal e as medidas antropométricas. A situação nutricional foi classificada pelo IMC de acordo com os pontos de corte descritos na literatura científica. Resultados: Foram observadas concordâncias moderadas entre a gordura corporal estimada por DEXA e os cortes propostos por Cole et al. [K = 0,61], Conde e Monteiro [K = 0,65], Must et al. [K = 0,61] e a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) [K = 0,63]. O IMC de forma contínua mostrou uma boa concordância com a DEXA [CCI = 0,72]. A maior sensibilidade foi observada em cortes por Conde e Monteiro [0,74 (0,62, 0,84)] e a maior especificidade por Cole et al. [0,98 (0,94, 0,99)]. Nas áreas abaixo da curva de ROC de pontos de corte analisados, foi observada uma diferença significativa ao se compararem os pontos de corte de Cole et al. e Conde e Monteiro [0,0449 (0,00294, 0,0927)]. Conclusões: O corte proposto por Conde e Monteiro foi mais sensível na identificação de sobrepeso e obesidade em comparação com o método de referência e o corte proposto por Cole et al. apresentou a maior especificidade para esses resultados.

Accuracy of different cutoff points of body mass index to identify overweight according to body fat values estimated by DEXA.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of different cutoff points of body mass index for predicting overweight/obesity according to body fat values estimated by DEXA among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 229 male adolescents aged 10-15 years, in which body adiposity and anthropometric measures were assessed. Nutritional status was classified by BMI according to cutoff points described in scientific literature. RESULTS: Moderate agreements were observed between body fat estimated by DEXA and cutoffs proposed by Cole et al. (K=0.61), Conde and Monteiro (K=0.65), Must et al. (K=0.61) and WHO (K=0.63). The BMI in continuous form showed good agreement with the Dexa (ICC=0.72). The highest sensitivity was observed for cutoff by Conde and Monteiro (0.74 [0.62, 0.84]) and the highest specificity by Cole et al. (0.98 [0.94, 0.99]). For the areas under the ROC curve of cutoff points analyzed, significant difference comparing the cutoff points by Cole et al. and Conde and Monteiro (0.0449 [0.00294, 0.0927]) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The cutoff proposed by Conde and Monteiro was more sensitive in identifying overweight and obesity when compared to the reference method, and the cutoff proposed by Cole et al. presented the highest specificity for such outcomes.

High Blood Pressure Combined with Sedentary Behavior in Young People: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (HBP) is a cardiovascular risk factor that can initiate in childhood and adolescence and may be associated with other risk factors such as sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, verifying if these associations occur from the earliest ages is of fundamental importance. OBJECTIVES: to report the prevalence of HBP combined with sedentary behavior through a systematic review. DESIGN AND METHODS: The research was performed based on studies published between 2010 and 2016 in Medline, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), and Scielo, using terms related to: 'sedentary behavior' OR 'screen time' AND 'high blood pressure'. In the initial search, 821 studies were found and after exclusions twelve studies were included in the review. RESULTS: Twelve studies addressing the relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP were found. Eighty-three percent of the studies evaluated sedentary behavior using a questionnaire (n = 10). The majority of studies analyzed in the review were conducted in North America (41.6%). Only four studies presented the prevalence of HBP related to sedentary behavior (variation 1-22.9%). In seven studies a close relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although most studies observed a relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP, the results still need to be further explained. Based on the findings of this review, follow-up studies and objective measurements of time spent in sedentary behavior in young people could help to determine the cause-effect relationship between sedentary behavior and HBP in pediatric populations.

Impact of physical exercise/activity on vascular structure and inflammation in pediatric populations: A literature review.

PURPOSE: To describe the effects of physical exercise/activity on the vascular architecture of children and adolescents, as well as to identify the effects of inflammation and sedentary behaviors on this relationship. METHODS: Potentially relevant articles were identified in the databases MEDLINE and PubMed covering the period from 2000 to 2015. No language restrictions were applied. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were found that included obese boys and girls in their samples (aged 9-19). Six interventional studies assessed inflammation and in five of these, physical exercise decreased inflammation. In 10 studies, vascular architecture was affected by physical exercise/activity. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of physical exercise on vascular architecture and inflammation seems relevant, but has been mainly investigated in obese groups. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Health professionals should act together in organized interventions in schools, targeting the promotion of higher physical activity levels in children and adolescents.

Sports practice is related to parasympathetic activity in adolescents / Prática esportiva está relacionada à atividade parassimpática em adolescentes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship among sports practice, physical education class, habitual physical activity and cardiovascular risk in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 120 schoolchildren (mean: 11.7±0.7 years old), with no regular use of medicines. Sports practice and physical education classes were assessed through face-to-face interview, while habitual physical activity was assessed by pedometers. Bodyweight, height and height-cephalic trunk were used to estimate maturation. The following variables were measured: body fatness, blood pressure, resting heart rate, blood flow velocity, intima-media thickness (carotid and femoral) and heart rate variability (mean between consecutive heartbeats and statistical index in the time domain that show the autonomic parasympathetic nervous system activity root-mean by the square of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals in a time interval). Statistical treatment used Spearman correlation adjusted by sex, ethnicity, age, body fatness and maturation. RESULTS: Independently of potential confounders, sports practice was positively related to autonomic parasympathetic nervous system activity (â=0.039 [0.01; 0.76]). On the other hand, the relationship between sport practice and mean between consecutive heartbeats (â=0,031 [-0.01; 0.07]) was significantly mediated by biological maturation. CONCLUSIONS: Sport practice was related to higher heart rate variability at rest.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre prática esportiva, educação física escolar, atividade física habitual e indicadores cardiovasculares de risco em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que selecionou 120 escolares (idade média 11,7±0,7 anos), sem consumo de medicamentos. Prática esportiva fora do ambiente escolar e educação física escolar foram avaliadas por entrevista face a face, enquanto a atividade física habitual foi avaliada por pedometria. Peso corporal, estatura e altura troncocefálica foram usados para estimar a maturação biológica. Foram avaliados: gordura corporal, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca durante o repouso, velocidade do fluxo sanguíneo, espessura mediointimal das artérias (carótida e femoral), variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (média entre batimentos cardíacos consecutivos e o índice estatístico no domínio do tempo que representa atividade do sistema nervoso autônomo parassimpático por meio da raiz quadrada da média das diferenças sucessivas ao quadrado entre intervalos R-R consecutivos). Correlação de Spearman verificou relação entre as variáveis. Relacionamentos significativos foram ajustados por: sexo, etnia, idade, gordura corporal e maturação biológica. RESULTADOS: Prática esportiva, independentemente dos ajustes, apresentou correlação positiva com atividade do sistema nervoso autônomo parassimpático (ß=0,039 [0,01; 0,76]). Por outro lado, a relação entre tal engajamento e a média entre os intervalos R-R (ß=0,031 [-0,01; 0,07]) foi mediada pela maturação biológica. CONCLUSÕES: A prática esportiva foi relacionada a uma maior variabilidade da frequência cardíaca durante o repouso.

[Sports practice is related to parasympathetic activity in adolescents]. / Prática esportiva está relacionada à atividade parassimpática em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship among sports practice, physical education class, habitual physical activity and cardiovascular risk in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 120 schoolchildren (mean: 11.7±0.7 years old), with no regular use of medicines. Sports practice and physical education classes were assessed through face-to-face interview, while habitual physical activity was assessed by pedometers. Body weight, height and height-cephalic trunk were used to estimate maturation. The following variables were measured: body fatness, blood pressure, resting heart rate, blood flow velocity, intima-media thickness (carotid and femoral) and heart rate variability (mean between consecutive heartbeats and statistical index in the time domain that show the autonomic parasympathetic nervous system activity root-mean by the square of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals in a time interval. Statistical treatment used Spearman correlation adjusted by sex, ethnicity, age, body fatness and maturation. RESULTS: Independently of potential confounders, sports practice was positively related to autonomic parasympathetic nervous system activity (ß=0.039 [0.01; 0.76]). On the other hand, the relationship between sport practice and mean between consecutive heartbeats (ß=0,031 [-0.01; 0.07]) was significantly mediated by biological maturation. CONCLUSIONS: Sport practice was related to higher heart rate variability at rest.

Possible underestimation by sports medicine of the effects of early physical exercise practice on the prevention of diseases in adulthood.

In modern society, combatting cardiovascular and metabolic diseases has been highlighted as an urgent global challenge. In recent decades, the scientific literature has identified that behavioral variables (e.g. smoking, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity) are related to the development of these outcomes and, therefore, preventive actions should focus on the promotion of physical exercise practice and a healthy diet, as well as combatting the smoking habit from an early age. The promotion of physical exercise in the general population has been suggested as a relevant goal by significant health organizations around the world. On the other hand, recent literature has indicated that physical exercise performed in early life prevents the development of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension during adulthood, although this protective effect seems to be independent of the physical activity performed during adulthood. Apparently, the interaction between physical exercise and human growth in early life constitutes an issue which is not completely understood by sports medicine. The aim of the present review was therefore to discuss recent evidence on the effects of physical exercise performed during childhood and adolescence on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in adulthood.

The mediating role of physical inactivity on the relationship between inflammation and artery thickness in prepubertal adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between inflammatory markers and the lipid profile, blood flow, and artery structure in prepubertal adolescents stratified according to sports practice. STUDY DESIGN: The sample was composed of 120 adolescents (57 boys and 63 girls) with a mean age of 11.7 ± 0.7 years (ranging from 11 to 13 years). Intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood flow were measured with ultrasonography. The lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured after the subjects had fasted for 12 hours overnight. Trunk fatness was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Organized sports participation was analyzed as a categorical variable. Biological maturation was determined via the age at peak height velocity. RESULTS: In the adjusted model, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (ß = -5.797 [-11.500 to -0.093]), femoral IMT (ß = 0.062 [0.008-0.116]), and the sum of femoral and carotid IMT (ß = 1.107 [0.223-1.919]), but only in the group without sports participation. Slopes of the crude linear regression were greater in the group without sports participation for femoral IMT (t = 2.621; P = .009) and the sum of femoral and carotid IMT (t = 2.876; P = .004) when compared with the group with sports participation. CONCLUSION: Independent of body fatness and biological maturation, inflammatory status was related to artery IMT and dyslipidemia in prepubertal adolescents, modulated by sport participation.

Treinamento concorrente e o treinamento funcional promovem alterações benéficas na composição corporal e esteatose hepática não alcoólica de jovens obesos / Concurrent training and functional training promotes beneficial changes in body composition and nonalcoholic fatty liver of obese youth

Comparar efeito do treinamento concorrente e o treinamento funcional na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e esteatose hepática não alcoólica (EHNA) em adolescentes obesos. Estudo longitudinal/analítico por amostragem não aleatória. Amostra de 49 adolescentes obesos (treinamento concorrenteENT#091;n=36ENT#093;; treinamento funcionalENT#091;n=13ENT#093;). Nos dois tipos de treinamento físico 50% de atividade aeróbia, e 50% resistida (concorrente: musculação; funcional: peso do próprio corpo e/ou pesos livres). Para distribuição normal aplicou-se Teste t de Student para dados pareados. Treinamento concorrente apresentou redução para lipoproteína de baixa densidade (-16,45%), colesterol total (-11,55%), gordura corporal (-8,52%) e gordura de tronco (-9,95%) e aumento da massa muscular (5,05%). Treinamento funcional reduziu 76,9% a ocorrência da EHNA, gordura corporal (-4,97%), gordura intra-abdominal (-19,90%), e aumento na massa muscular (4,18%). Devido ao alto acometimento da EHNA neste grupo, futuras investigações se fazem necessárias. Para tanto, o treinamento concorrente parece ser uma ferramenta útil para o tratamento da EHNA em adolescentes obesos.

To compare the effect of concurrent and functional exercise training on body composition, lipid profile and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese adolescents. Longitudinal/analytical study by non-random sampling carried out with 49 obese adolescents (n=36 in concurrent and n=13 in functional exercise training). Both protocols had 50% of the session designed to aerobic activities and the other half session to resistance and functional training (activities using self-body weight and dumbbells). Set data had normal distribution and the paired sample t test was applied. Concurrent exercise training decreased low density lipoprotein (-16.45%), total cholesterol (-11.55%), body fatness (-8.52%), trunk fatness (-9.95%) and increased fat free mass (5.05%). On the other hand, functional exercise training decrease body fatness (-4.97%), trunk fatness (-5.11%), intra-abdominal adiposity (-19,9%), increase fat free mass (4.18%) and occurrence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (reduction of 76.9%). Concurrent training seems a relevant tool to the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese adolescents.

Effect of concurrent training on risk factors and hepatic steatosis in obese adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training on the variables of body composition, lipid profile, and fatty liver diagnosis in obese adolescents. METHODS An open clinical trial was carried out with 34 obese adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years. Total body fat, trunk fat mass, total cholesterol and its fractions (HDL, LDL and VLDL), and triglycerides were analyzed; an upper abdominal ultrasound was performed in order to diagnose fatty liver. The participants underwent concurrent training (association of weight training with aerobic training) three times per week, lasting one hour for 20 weeks. Statistical analysis included paired Student's(tm)s t-test and frequency analysis in order to verify the relative and absolute reductions of fatty liver diagnosis, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS The studied adolescents showed statistically significant improvement in body composition, with a decrease of total body fat percentage, total fat mass, trunk fat, and an a increase in the lean body mass. They also presented reduced size of liver lobes, decrease in total cholesterol and in LDL-cholesterol, with a lower prevalence of fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent training was effective for promoting significant improvements in body fat composition and lipid profile variables, besides reducing fatty liver prevalence rate.

Effect of concurrent training on risk factors and hepatic steatosis in obese adolescents / Efecto del entrenamiento concurrente sobre factores de riesgo y esteatosis hepatica en adolescentes obesos / Efeito do treinamento concorrente sobre fatores de risco e esteatose hepatica em adolescentes obesos

OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training on the variables of body composition, lipid profile, and fatty liver diagnosis in obese adolescents. METHODS An open clinical trial was carried out with 34 obese adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years. Total body fat, trunk fat mass, total cholesterol and its fractions (HDL, LDL and VLDL), and triglycerides were analyzed; an upper abdominal ultrasound was performed in order to diagnose fatty liver. The participants underwent concurrent training (association of weight training with aerobic training) three times per week, lasting one hour for 20 weeks. Statistical analysis included paired Studentâ€(tm)s t-test and frequency analysis in order to verify the relative and absolute reductions of fatty liver diagnosis, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS The studied adolescents showed statistically significant improvement in body composition, with a decrease of total body fat percentage, total fat mass, trunk fat, and an a increase in the lean body mass. They also presented reduced size of liver lobes, decrease in total cholesterol and in LDL-cholesterol, with a lower prevalence of fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent training was effective for promoting significant improvements in body fat composition and lipid profile variables, besides reducing fatty liver prevalence rate. .

OBJETIVO Analizar los efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento concurrente sobre las variables de composición corporal, perfil lipídico y diagnóstico de la esteatosis hepática en adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS Se realizó un ensayo clínico abierto con 34 adolescentes obesos con edades entre los 12 y los 15 años (13,7±1,17). Se analizaron grasa corporal total y de tronco, colesterol total y sus fracciones (HDL, LDL y VLDL) y triglicéridos, siendo realizado examen de ultrasonografía abdominal superior para diagnosticar esteatosis hepática. Los participantes fueron sometidos al entrenamiento concurrente (asociación de entrenamiento con pesos y ejercicio aeróbico) tres veces por semana, con duración de una hora clase durante 20 semanas. Para el tratamiento estadístico, se realizaron análisis descriptivo, prueba t de Student pareada y análisis de frecuencia, a fin de verificar las reducciones relativa y absoluta del diagnóstico de la esteatosis hepática, adoptando p<0,05. RESULTADOS Los adolescentes estudiados presentaron mejoras significativas de la composición corporal, con reducción del porcentaje de grasa total, de la masa gorda total, de la grasa de tronco y del aumento de masa magra, además de reducción del tamaño de los lóbulos del hígado, de los índices de prevalencia de la esteatosis hepática, del colesterol total y del LDL-colesterol. CONCLUSIONES El entrenamiento concurrente fue efectivo por promover mejorías significativas de variables de la composición corporal y del perfil lipídico, además de reducir la prevalencia de la esteatosis hepática. .

OBJETIVO Analisar os efeitos de 20 semanas de treinamento concorrente sobre as variáveis de composição corporal, perfil lipídico e diagnóstico da esteatose hepática em adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS Realizou-se um ensaio clínico aberto com 34 adolescentes obesos com idades entre 12 e 15 anos. Foram analisados gordura corporal total e de tronco, colesterol total e suas frações (HDL, LDL e VLDL) e triglicérides, sendo realizado exame de ultrassonografia de abdome superior para diagnosticar esteatose hepática. Os participantes foram submetidos ao treinamento concorrente (associação de treino com pesos e exercício aeróbio) três vezes por semana, com duração de uma hora-aula durante 20 semanas. Para o tratamento estatístico, foram realizados o teste t de Student pareado e a análise de frequência, a fim de verificar as reduções relativa e absoluta do diagnóstico da esteatose hepática, adotando-se p<0,05. RESULTADOS Os adolescentes estudados apresentaram melhoras significativas da composição corporal, com diminuição do percentual de gordura total, da massa gorda total, da gordura de tronco e do aumento da massa magra, além de redução do tamanho dos lóbulos do fígado, dos índices de prevalência da esteatose hepática, do colesterol total e LDL-colesterol. CONCLUSÕES O treinamento concorrente foi efetivo por promover melhorias significativas de variáveis da composição corporal e do perfil lipídico, além de reduzir a prevalência da esteatose hepática. .

Estabilidade da prática esportiva durante a infância/adolescência e densidade mineral óssea na idade adulta / Tracking of sports activity during childhood/adolescence and bone mineral density in adulthood

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação entre a prática de atividades esportivas na infância/adolescência e densidade mineral óssea na idade adulta, bem como, identificar se este efeito é independente da atividade física atual. Para tanto, 69 homens e 53 mulheres (n=122) participaram do estudo. Os voluntários responderam questões sobre etilismo, tabagismo e atividade física na infância/adolescência; foram submetidos à avaliação de composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea utilizando a técnica da Absorptiometria de Raios-X de Dupla Energia. Durante o período de sete dias foi monitorada a prática da atividade física atual utilizando o pedômetro. A atividade esportiva na infância/adolescência foi positivamente relacionada à atividade física atual (rho= 0.59; p-valor= 0,001). O grupo ativo na infância/adolescência apresentou maiores valores de conteúdo mineral ósseo (+6,8%) e densidade óssea das pernas (+7%). A atividade física atual não se relacionou com nenhum dos indicadores da densitometria óssea, porém, a atividade esportiva na infância/adolescência foi positivamente relacionada com o conteúdo mineral ósseo (?= 0.27 [?IC95%= 0.06; 0.48]), densidade mineral óssea de pernas (?= 0.10 [?IC95%= 0.05; 0.16]) e estatura (?= 4.50 [?IC95%= 0.54; 8.46]), independente do ajuste de outras variáveis, inclusive a atividade física atual. Conclui-se que, na amostra investigada, a atividade esportiva realizada durante a infância/adolescência foi significativamente relacionada aos valores de massa óssea na idade adulta, independentemente da prática de atividade física atual.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between early sport practice and bone mineral density in adulthood, as well as, to identify whether this relation is independent of the current physical activity. Therefore, 69 men and 53 women (n= 122) were enrolled. The sample responded questions about drink, alcohol consumption and early physical activity. Body composition was assessed through the use of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Current physical activity was assessed during seven days by pedometer. Early and current physical activity were positively related (rho= 0.59; p-valor= 0.001). Early physical activity group had higher values of bone mineral content (+6.8%) and leg bone mineral density (+7%). Current physical activity was not related to bone densitometry, however, early physical activity was positively related to bone mineral content (?= 0.27 [?95%CI= 0.06; 0.48]), leg bone mineral density (?= 0.10 [?95%CI= 0.05; 0.16]) and height (?= 4.50 [?95%CI= 0.54; 8.46]), independently of other potential confounders, including current physical activity. It is possible to conclude that, in this particular sample, early sport practice is significantly related to improved bone mass in adulthood, independently of the current physical activity.