A systematic literature review on educational recommender systems for teaching and learning: research trends, limitations and opportunities.

Recommender systems have become one of the main tools for personalized content filtering in the educational domain. Those who support teaching and learning activities, particularly, have gained increasing attention in the past years. This growing interest has motivated the emergence of new approaches and models in the field, in spite of it, there is a gap in literature about the current trends on how recommendations have been produced, how recommenders have been evaluated as well as what are the research limitations and opportunities for advancement in the field. In this regard, this paper reports the main findings of a systematic literature review covering these four dimensions. The study is based on the analysis of a set of primary studies (N = 16 out of 756, published from 2015 to 2020) included according to defined criteria. Results indicate that the hybrid approach has been the leading strategy for recommendation production. Concerning the purpose of the evaluation, the recommenders were evaluated mainly regarding the quality of accuracy and a reduced number of studies were found that investigated their pedagogical effectiveness. This evidence points to a potential research opportunity for the development of multidimensional evaluation frameworks that effectively support the verification of the impact of recommendations on the teaching and learning process. Also, we identify and discuss main limitations to clarify current difficulties that demand attention for future research. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-022-11341-9.

Medical preceptorship: perceptions and perspectives of new family doctors in Brazil / Preceptoria médica: percepções e perspectivas de novos médicos de família no Brasil

Abstract: Introduction: Learning in practical environments consists in an essential component of medical education. In recent decades, medical schools have sought to immerse their students in professional settings since the early years of studying. In these scenarios, the preceptors, more experienced physicians, are responsible for supporting their students in the development of professional knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the perceptions and perspectives of participants of the Preceptorship Training Course (PTC) in Family Medicine - UNA-SUS about preceptorship and medical education. Methods: The quantitative descriptive study was conducted in two phases: 'Population Outlining' phase, including participants' academic data, and 'Survey Questionnaire' phase, performed by applying a questionnaire through a digital platform. Results: The 'Population Outlining' identified 2,530 participants in the PTC, with the predominance of females and southeastern residents. The 'Survey Questionnaire' phase constituted of 232 respondents, of whom 73.4% reported acknowledging their preceptors' contributions, and more than 90% expressed interest in teaching activities, valuing their curriculum enhancement and academic acknowledge. Conclusion: Our findings evidenced positive perceptions about preceptorship and a propensity to engage in teaching activities among the participants, reinforcing the importance of debates about qualification, recruiting and retention of preceptors.

Resumo: Introdução: O aprendizado em ambientes práticos consiste em um componente essencial da educação médica. Nas últimas décadas, as escolas médicas têm procurado imergir os estudantes em ambientes profissionais desde os primeiros anos do curso. Nesses cenários, médicos mais experientes, preceptores, são responsáveis por apoiar seus aprendizes no desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes profissionais. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as percepções e perspectivas de participantes do curso de Especialização em Preceptoria em Medicina de Família - UNA-SUS sobre preceptoria e educação médica. Método: O estudo quantitativo descritivo foi realizado em duas fases: "delineamento da população", que incluiu dados acadêmicos dos participantes, e "questionário de pesquisa", em que se aplicou um questionário por meio de uma plataforma digital. Resultado: O "delineamento da população" identificou 2.530 participantes do curso de Especialização, com predominância do sexo feminino e moradores da Região Sudeste. A fase "questionário da pesquisa" foi composta por 232 respondentes, dos quais 73,4% relataram reconhecer as contribuições de seus preceptores, e mais de 90% manifestaram interesse em atividades de ensino, valorizando sua valorização curricular e seu reconhecimento acadêmico. Conclusão: Nossos achados evidenciaram percepções positivas sobre a preceptoria e a propensão ao engajamento em atividades docentes dos participantes, reforçando a importância de debates sobre qualificação, recrutamento e retenção de preceptores.

Occupational Stress Monitoring Using Biomarkers and Smartwatches: A Systematic Review.

This article presents a systematic review of the literature concerning scientific publications on wrist wearables that can help to identify stress levels. The study is part of a research project aimed at modeling a stress surveillance system and providing coping recommendations. The investigation followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, 38 articles were selected for full reading, and 10 articles were selected owing to their alignment with the study proposal. The types of technologies used in the research stand out amongst our main results after analyzing the articles. It is noteworthy that stress assessments are still based on standardized questionnaires, completed by the participants. The main biomarkers collected by the devices used in the selected works included: heart rate variation, cortisol analysis, skin conductance, body temperature, and blood volume at the wrist. This study concludes that developing a wrist wearable for stress identification using physiological and chemical sensors is challenging but possible and applicable.

Medical education: the historical framing of the medical curriculum and the challenges of renewal in the 21st century / Educação médica: a construção histórica do currículo médico e os desafios de renovação no século XXI

The study proposes a critical and exploratory analysis of the historical formation of the medical curriculum, including the pedagogical models and contemporary challenges. Contemporary Medicine has faced challenging transformations in the 21st century, such as population aging, technological and scientific advances, epidemiological transition, wide access to informationby society. The knowledge society requires new generations of physicians to develop interdisciplinary professional skills and the technical-scientific domain. Given the ongoing transformations in contemporary medical practice, it is up to the academic community to deconstruct obsolete teaching paradigms, to foster the design of new pedagogical practices, congruent with the new medical profile desired in the 21st century.

O estudo propõe uma reflexão crítica e exploratória acerca da construção histórica do currículo médico, seus modelos pedagógicos e desafios contemporâneos. A Medicina contemporânea tem enfrentado transformações desafiadoras no século 21, como envelhecimento populacional, avanços tecnológicos e científicos, transição epidemiológica, facilidade de acesso e informação pela sociedade. A sociedade do conhecimento impõe às novas gerações de médicos o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais interdisciplinares, além do domínio técnico-científico. Diante das transformações em curso na prática médica contemporânea, cabe a comunidade acadêmica a desconstrução de paradigmas de ensino obsoletos, de maneira a propiciar a concepção de novas práticas pedagógicas, congruentes com novo perfil médico almejado no século XXI.

Neonatal Hearing Screening: protocols, obstacles and perspectives of speech therapists in Brazil - 10 years of Brazilian Federal Law 12,303/2010. / Triagem Auditiva Neonatal: protocolos, obstáculos e perspectivas de fonoaudiólogos no Brasil - 10 anos da Lei Federal Brasileira 12.303/2010.

PURPOSE: This study aims to know the current scenario of speech audiology therapy activities at NHS in Brazil, identifying its obstacles and perspectives, as well as verifying the adequacy of national NHS Programs to the pre-established quality indicators. METHODS: Analytical observational study, carried out with speech therapists in the exercise of NHS in Brazil, between August 2018 and August 2019, through a structured online questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyzes of the data were performed using the SPSS version 22.0 program. RESULTS: The effective practice of NHS was not entirely consistent with official protocols. 48.5% of speech therapists stated that NHS interruption at some point in the workplace, especially due to the need to repair the equipment (64.7%). As for the flow records and care-related data, which include quality indicators there was greater control over the total number of neonates who underwent NHS (87.9%) and less control over false-positive results (21.2%). 81.8% of speech-language-hearing therapists said they were available to use a system for recording and controlling NHS data. CONCLUSION: Although professionals' practices are generally consistent with official protocols, the non-linearity of the process and the lack of data control are important obstacles to the quality of NHS services. Most of the national NHS programs presented do not meet the pre-established quality indicators. It is considered that the computerization of records can benefit professionals and enhance the implementation of NHS provided for in Brazilian laws and public policies.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo visa conhecer o cenário atual da atuação fonoaudiológica em serviços de TAN no Brasil, identificando seus obstáculos e perspectivas, bem como verificar a adequação dos Programas de TAN nacionais aos indicadores de qualidade pré-estabelecidos. MÉTODO: Estudo observacional analítico, realizado com fonoaudiólogos no exercício da TAN no Brasil, entre agosto de 2018 e agosto de 2019, por meio de um questionário online estruturado. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e correlacionais dos dados no programa SPSS versão 22.0. RESULTADOS: A prática efetiva da TAN entre os profissionais não foi condizente, na sua totalidade, com os protocolos oficiais. 48,5% dos fonoaudiólogos afirmaram interrupção da TAN em algum momento nos locais de trabalho, principalmente pela necessidade de reparo do equipamento (64,7%). Quanto aos registros do fluxo e dados de atendimento, que contemplam os indicadores de qualidade, houve maior controle do número total de neonatos que realizaram a TAN (87,9%) e menor controle quanto aos resultados falsos positivos (21,2%). 81,8% dos fonoaudiólogos afirmaram ter disponibilidade para utilizar um sistema para registro e controle de dados da TAN. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de as práticas dos profissionais estarem em geral condizentes com protocolos oficiais, a não linearidade do processo e a falta de controle dos dados constituem obstáculos importantes para a qualidade dos serviços de TAN. A maioria dos programas de TAN nacionais apresentados não cumprem os indicadores de qualidade pré-estabelecidos. Considera-se que a informatização dos registros poderá beneficiar os profissionais e potencializar a implementação da TAN como prevista na legislação e políticas públicas nacionais.

Triagem Auditiva Neonatal: protocolos, obstáculos e perspectivas de fonoaudiólogos no Brasil - 10 anos da Lei Federal Brasileira 12.303/2010 / Neonatal Hearing Screening: protocols, obstacles and perspectives of speech therapists in Brazil - 10 years of Brazilian Federal Law 12,303/2010

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo visa conhecer o cenário atual da atuação fonoaudiológica em serviços de TAN no Brasil, identificando seus obstáculos e perspectivas, bem como verificar a adequação dos Programas de TAN nacionais aos indicadores de qualidade pré-estabelecidos. Método Estudo observacional analítico, realizado com fonoaudiólogos no exercício da TAN no Brasil, entre agosto de 2018 e agosto de 2019, por meio de um questionário online estruturado. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e correlacionais dos dados no programa SPSS versão 22.0. Resultados A prática efetiva da TAN entre os profissionais não foi condizente, na sua totalidade, com os protocolos oficiais. 48,5% dos fonoaudiólogos afirmaram interrupção da TAN em algum momento nos locais de trabalho, principalmente pela necessidade de reparo do equipamento (64,7%). Quanto aos registros do fluxo e dados de atendimento, que contemplam os indicadores de qualidade, houve maior controle do número total de neonatos que realizaram a TAN (87,9%) e menor controle quanto aos resultados falsos positivos (21,2%). 81,8% dos fonoaudiólogos afirmaram ter disponibilidade para utilizar um sistema para registro e controle de dados da TAN. Conclusão Apesar de as práticas dos profissionais estarem em geral condizentes com protocolos oficiais, a não linearidade do processo e a falta de controle dos dados constituem obstáculos importantes para a qualidade dos serviços de TAN. A maioria dos programas de TAN nacionais apresentados não cumprem os indicadores de qualidade pré-estabelecidos. Considera-se que a informatização dos registros poderá beneficiar os profissionais e potencializar a implementação da TAN como prevista na legislação e políticas públicas nacionais.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aims to know the current scenario of speech audiology therapy activities at NHS in Brazil, identifying its obstacles and perspectives, as well as verifying the adequacy of national NHS Programs to the pre-established quality indicators. Methods Analytical observational study, carried out with speech therapists in the exercise of NHS in Brazil, between August 2018 and August 2019, through a structured online questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyzes of the data were performed using the SPSS version 22.0 program. Results The effective practice of NHS was not entirely consistent with official protocols. 48.5% of speech therapists stated that NHS interruption at some point in the workplace, especially due to the need to repair the equipment (64.7%). As for the flow records and care-related data, which include quality indicators there was greater control over the total number of neonates who underwent NHS (87.9%) and less control over false-positive results (21.2%). 81.8% of speech-language-hearing therapists said they were available to use a system for recording and controlling NHS data. Conclusion Although professionals' practices are generally consistent with official protocols, the non-linearity of the process and the lack of data control are important obstacles to the quality of NHS services. Most of the national NHS programs presented do not meet the pre-established quality indicators. It is considered that the computerization of records can benefit professionals and enhance the implementation of NHS provided for in Brazilian laws and public policies.

Preceptoria médica: concepções e vivências de participantes de curso de formação em preceptoria / Medical preceptorship: conceptions and experiences of participants in a training course in preceptorship

Resumo: Introdução: O ensino por meio da vivência prática, denominado preceptoria, permite aos aprendizes buscar informações e esclarecer dúvidas com os preceptores, de maneira a desenvolver competências e habilidades em um ambiente de apoio e segurança, elementos essenciais ao bom aprendizado. Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou compreender as concepções e vivências de alunos e egressos do curso de especialização em Preceptoria em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (UNA-SUS/UFCSPA) acerca da preceptoria na formação médica. Método: A pesquisa adotou abordagem qualitativa e observacional, sendo conduzida por meio de entrevistas individuais em plataforma de videoconferência, com 12 participantes do curso advindos das cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras, sob orientação de roteiro de questões abertas. As transcrições das entrevistas foram analisadas a partir dos conceitos da obra Análise de conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. Resultado: Sob a ótica dos entrevistados, o papel do preceptor relaciona-se, sobretudo, à função de referencial para seus aprendizes, devendo assim apresentar atitudes éticas e profissionais, consonantes com atributos humanísticos e competências técnicas. Conclusão: A partir das perspectivas observadas no estudo, evidencia-se a relevância do preceptor no processo de formação médica, bem como a necessidade de debates entre instituições de ensino, entidades médicas, gestores e serviços de saúde sobre a valorização e qualificação de preceptores, e, consequentemente, dos futuros profissionais.

Abstract: Introduction: Teaching through practical experience, namely preceptorship, allows learners to seek information and clarify doubts with preceptors, in order to develop skills and abilities in a supportive and safe environment - essential elements for good learning. Objective: This study aimed to understand the conceptions and experiences of students and graduates of the Specialization Course in Preceptorship in Family and Community Medicine (UNA-SUS/UFCSPA) about preceptorship in medical education. Method: The research adopted a qualitative and observational approach, conducted through individual interviews on a videoconference platform, with 12 course participants from the five Brazilian geographic regions, guided by a script of open questions. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed based on the concepts of the work 'Content Analysis' by Laurance Bardin. Result: From the perspective of the participants, the role of the preceptor is mainly related to the role of reference for their apprentices, thus having to present ethical and professional attitudes, in line with humanistic attributes and technical competences. Conclusion: From the perspectives observed in the study, the relevance of the preceptor in the medical training process is evidenced, as well as the need for debates between educational institutions, medical entities, managers and health services on the valuation and qualification of preceptors, and, consequently, of future professionals.

Detect-S: an mHealth application to assist health professionals to identify suicide risk in hospitalized patients.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a serious public health problem that affects the whole world. This study describes development of the prototype for an mHealth application (app) intended to assist healthcare professionals to identify suicide risk in hospitalized patients and reports on testing of the app by some of these professionals, conducted to confirm its functionality. METHOD: This is applied exploratory research into use of Information Technology within the healthcare field, based on application prototyping for mobile devices. The research was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) from 2017 to 2019. Six healthcare professionals, one data scientist, and three undergraduate students in Biomedical Informatics took part in the study. All research participants signed the free and informed consent form. RESULTS: The main findings show that the development team created a prototype named Detect-S, which became a cross-platform application (iOS and Android) offering 16 functions. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that Detect-S has the potential to be a positive technological instrument that can be tested in a hospital setting to assist healthcare professionals to identify and manage patients with at risk of suicide.

Padrões de apresentação da insuficiência cardíaca em emergência hospitalar / Heart failure clinical patterns in a hospital emergency admission / Patrones de presentación de insuficiência cardíaca em emergência hospitalaria

Objetivo: Descobrir padrões de apresentação clínica entre pacientes admitidos em uma emergência hospitalar com insuficiência cardíaca aguda. Métodos: Estudo exploratório de base de dados através da aplicação do processo de Descoberta de Conhecimento em Base de Dados, o qual é composto pelas etapas de pré-processamento, mineração de dados e pós-processamento. No estudo foi utilizado o software de código aberto com algoritmos de mineração de dados denominado Weka. Resultados: Foram analisados 965 pacientes, sendo 571(59%) mulheres. A idade média foi 80,79±12,76 anos. A maioria (635) foi classificada como laranja pelo Sistema de Triagem de Manchester, considerada condição de muita urgência com necessidade de atendimento em até 10 minutos. Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram aqueles relacionados a alterações respiratórias. Os pacientes classificados como amarelo apresentaram maior homogeneidade quando avaliados os sinais vitais. Conclusão: O padrão de apresentação clínica associado à classificação de risco de urgência e muita urgência em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca que buscam a emergência hospitalar constitui-se, majoritariamente, de sinais e sintomas respiratórios.

Objective: To discover patterns of clinical presentation among patients admitted to an emergency hospital with acute heart failure. Methods: Exploratory study of a database through the application of the Knowledge Discovery process in a Database, which comprises the steps of pre-processing, data mining and post-processing. In the study, open source software with data mining algorithms called Weka was used. Results: 965 patients were analyzed, being 571 (59%) women. The mean age was 80.79±12.76 years. Most (635) were classified as orange by the Manchester Triage System, considered a very urgent condition requiring care within 10 minutes. The most prevalent signs and symptoms were those related to respiratory changes. Patients classified as yellow showed greater homogeneity when assessing vital signs. Conclusion: The pattern of clinical presentation associated with the risk classification of urgency and high urgency in patients with heart failure who seek hospital emergency consists, mostly, of respiratory signs and symptoms.

Objetivo: conocer patrones de presentación clínica en pacientes ingresados en un hospital de urgencias por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio de una base de datos mediante la aplicación del proceso de Descubrimiento del Conocimiento en una Base de Datos, el cual está compuesto por las etapas de preprocesamiento, minería de datos y posprocesamiento. En el estudio, se utilizó un software de código abierto con algoritmos de minería de datos llamado Weka. Resultados: se analizaron 965 pacientes, siendo 571 (59%) mujeres. La edad media fue de 80,79 ± 12,76 años. La mayoría (635) fueron clasificados como naranja por el Sistema de Triaje de Manchester, considerado una condición muy urgente que requiere atención dentro de los 10 minutos. Los signos y síntomas más prevalentes fueron los relacionados con alteraciones respiratorias. Los pacientes clasificados como amarillos mostraron mayor homogeneidad a la hora de evaluar los signos vitales. Conclusión: El patrón de presentación clínica asociado a la clasificación de riesgo de urgencia y alta urgencia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca que acuden a urgencias hospitalarias está constituido mayoritariamente por signos y síntomas respiratorios.

Detect-S: an mHealth application to assist health professionals to identify suicide risk in hospitalized patients

Abstract Introduction Suicide is a serious public health problem that affects the whole world. This study describes development of the prototype for an mHealth application (app) intended to assist healthcare professionals to identify suicide risk in hospitalized patients and reports on testing of the app by some of these professionals, conducted to confirm its functionality. Method This is applied exploratory research into use of Information Technology within the healthcare field, based on application prototyping for mobile devices. The research was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) from 2017 to 2019. Six healthcare professionals, one data scientist, and three undergraduate students in Biomedical Informatics took part in the study. All research participants signed the free and informed consent form. Results The main findings show that the development team created a prototype named Detect-S, which became a cross-platform application (iOS and Android) offering 16 functions. Conclusion It can be concluded that Detect-S has the potential to be a positive technological instrument that can be tested in a hospital setting to assist healthcare professionals to identify and manage patients with at risk of suicide.

Computer-aided diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma fusing imaging and structured health data.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the prevalent primary liver cancer, a silent disease that killed 782,000 worldwide in 2018. Multimodal deep learning is the application of deep learning techniques, fusing more than one data modality as the model's input. PURPOSE: A computer-aided diagnosis system for hepatocellular carcinoma developed with multimodal deep learning approaches could use multiple data modalities as recommended by clinical guidelines, and enhance the robustness and the value of the second-opinion given to physicians. This article describes the process of creation and evaluation of an algorithm for computer-aided diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma developed with multimodal deep learning techniques fusing preprocessed computed-tomography images with structured data from patient Electronic Health Records. RESULTS: The classification performance achieved by the proposed algorithm in the test dataset was: accuracy = 86.9%, precision = 89.6%, recall = 86.9% and F-Score = 86.7%. These classification performance metrics are closer to the state-of-the-art in this area and were achieved with data modalities which are cheaper than traditional Magnetic Resonance Imaging approaches, enabling the use of the proposed algorithm by low and mid-sized healthcare institutions. CONCLUSION: The classification performance achieved with the multimodal deep learning algorithm is higher than human specialists diagnostic performance using only CT for diagnosis. Even though the results are promising, the multimodal deep learning architecture used for hepatocellular carcinoma prediction needs more training and test processes using different datasets before the use of the proposed algorithm by physicians in real healthcare routines. The additional training aims to confirm the classification performance achieved and enhance the model's robustness.

Model for quality analysis of neonatal hearing screening software: theory applied.

BACKGROUND: It is necessary to ensure functional diagnosis and auditory rehabilitation as part of a continuous and inseparable follow-up process that begins with Neonatal Hearing Screening to achieve the expected outcome in children with hearing loss. Different software controls the data of this process, adopting different strategies and involving the technology for this. However, there is no specific model available in the literature for analyzing the quality of the software aimed at recording and monitoring data from Neonatal Hearing Screening. OBJECTIVE: To propose a specific model for the analysis of the quality of softwares used for monitoring Neonatal Hearing Screening data, based on the ISO/IEC 25,010/2011 standards. METHODS: This is an applied research, in which a model was proposed, applied and evaluated to analyze the quality of Neonatal Hearing Screening softwares, based on an exploratory documental analysis of softwares related to the Neonatal Hearing Screening record domain. The quality model was proposed based on the ISO/IEC 25,010/2011 standards, constituting a checklist for qualitative analysis. RESULTS: For the Neonatal Hearing Screening registration softwares quality evaluation model, general criteria were presented, classified into eight main categories: Functional Adequacy, Performance Efficiency, Compatibility, Usability, Reliability, Safety, Maintenance and Portability. Specific criteria were presented in question format. Finally, a checklist for quality control and decision making was proposed. This model was evaluated by specialists and was approved. CONCLUSION: The quality model presented in this article introduced important general and specific criteria to analyze softwares for Neonatal Hearing Screening. This model has been validated by specialists in informatics and audiology. Therefore, this model can be used comprehensively, as a standard assessment tool for Neonatal Hearing Screening softwares, allowing predicting improvements. It is suggested that the audiologists and informatics responsible for softwares of this nature, consider, in each country, the socioeconomic and health context to validate its applicability.

Instruments to assess suicide risk: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is an issue of great severity in public health worldwide. This study aimed to investigate which instruments are most frequently used by healthcare professionals to assess suicide risk and how accessible such instruments are, as well as to determine the scope of suicide phenomena. METHOD: A systematic review was performed using the following Boolean searches: "scale AND suicide," "evaluation AND suicide," "questionnaire AND suicide." The articles retrieved were read and selected by two independent researchers - any discrepancies were addressed by a third researcher. RESULTS: From a total number of 206 articles, 20 instruments were identified as being currently used to assess suicide risk. The two most common were the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) and The Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). CONCLUSION: Even though the two scales (BSI and C-SSRS) are the most frequently mentioned and used by healthcare professionals to assess suicide risk, both instruments present breaches in their structure and there is not yet a single instrument considered to be the gold standard. As a future perspective, there is the urgency of developing a new tool that can widely and completely assess all psychopathological aspects of suicidality.

Instruments to assess suicide risk: a systematic review

Abstract Introduction Suicide is an issue of great severity in public health worldwide. This study aimed to investigate which instruments are most frequently used by healthcare professionals to assess suicide risk and how accessible such instruments are, as well as to determine the scope of suicide phenomena. Method A systematic review was performed using the following Boolean searches: "scale AND suicide," "evaluation AND suicide," "questionnaire AND suicide." The articles retrieved were read and selected by two independent researchers - any discrepancies were addressed by a third researcher. Results From a total number of 206 articles, 20 instruments were identified as being currently used to assess suicide risk. The two most common were the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) and The Columbia - Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Conclusion Even though the two scales (BSI and C-SSRS) are the most frequently mentioned and used by healthcare professionals to assess suicide risk, both instruments present breaches in their structure and there is not yet a single instrument considered to be the gold standard. As a future perspective, there is the urgency of developing a new tool that can widely and completely assess all psychopathological aspects of suicidality.

[Feeding consequences of orphans after the mother's death: a study using text mining software]. / Consequências na alimentação de crianças órfãs após a morte materna: uma investigação por meio de softwares de mineração de texto.

The study aims to describe the consequences for future feeding of orphans under five years of age, following the mother's death, applying open-access text mining software packages. This was a crosscutting study of articles indexed in PubMed and BIREME on the themes of maternal death and orphan children. We selected ten open-access articles published from 2005 to 2015 in which only the title or abstract were read and which met the selection criteria. The text files determined the corpus for analysis of the semi-structured content. Keywords were included for the mining. Analysis of the corpus used TagCrowd and Textalyser to analyze the more versus less frequent terms, and AntConc and Voyant Tools were used to extract keywords in the context analysis. A total of 67,642 words were analyzed in ten semi-structured texts. The terms CHILDREN (827) and DEATH (821) were the most frequent, while the least frequent were BREASTFEEDING (10) and NUTRITION (4). We found 44 concordances for the root term BREAST* and 25 for the word NUTRITION in phrases such as "orphan infants have increased risk of mortality due to lack of breastfeeding and are more susceptible to infections". The concordant sentences indicate that the change away from maternal breastfeeding leads to poor nutrition and leaves the child more susceptible to infections, increasing the risk of death. Text processing with open-access tools was rapid and allowed extracting useful and comprehensible information; analysis of the ten articles showed the consequences for the child's feeding after the mother's death, affecting infant morbidity and mortality.

Consequências na alimentação de crianças órfãs após a morte materna: uma investigação por meio de softwares de mineração de texto / Feeding consequences of orphans after the mother's death: a study using text mining software / Consecuencias en la alimentación de niños huérfanos tras la muerte materna: una investigación mediante softwares de minería de textos

Objetiva-se descrever as consequências no aleitamento e na alimentação que terão as crianças órfãs menores de cinco anos em decorrência da morte materna, aplicando-se softwares livres de mineração de texto. Estudo transversal com base em artigos publicados nos repositórios PubMed e BIREME nos temas de morte materna e crianças órfãs. Foram selecionados dez artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2015, de acesso livre, nos quais foram lidos apenas o título ou o resumo e que cumpriam com os critérios. Os arquivos de texto definiram o corpus para análise de conteúdo semiestruturado. Palavras-chave foram incluídas para a mineração. A análise do corpus foi feita com TagCrowd e Textalyser para encontrar os termos mais e menos frequentes, AntConc e Voyant Tools, para extrair palavras-chave na análise de contexto. Foram analisadas 67.642 palavras em dez textos semiestruturados. Os termos CHILDREN (827) e DEATH (821) foram os mais frequentes, e os menos frequentes foram BREASTFEEDING (10) e NUTRITION (4). Foram encontradas 44 concordâncias para o termo raiz BREAST* e 25 para a palavra NUTRITION em orações como: "crianças órfãs têm o aumento de risco de mortalidade por falta de amamentação, e são mais susceptíveis às infecções". As sentenças de concordância apontam que a mudança no aleitamento materno conduz a uma nutrição pobre, o que deixa o recém-nascido exposto a infecções, aumentando o risco de morte. O processamento de texto com as ferramentas livres foi rápido e permitiu extrair informações úteis e compreensíveis; a análise dos dez artigos mostrou as consequências na alimentação da criança após a morte materna, tendo efeito na morbidade e mortalidade infantil.

The study aims to describe the consequences for future feeding of orphans under five years of age, following the mother's death, applying open-access text mining software packages. This was a crosscutting study of articles indexed in PubMed and BIREME on the themes of maternal death and orphan children. We selected ten open-access articles published from 2005 to 2015 in which only the title or abstract were read and which met the selection criteria. The text files determined the corpus for analysis of the semi-structured content. Keywords were included for the mining. Analysis of the corpus used TagCrowd and Textalyser to analyze the more versus less frequent terms, and AntConc and Voyant Tools were used to extract keywords in the context analysis. A total of 67,642 words were analyzed in ten semi-structured texts. The terms CHILDREN (827) and DEATH (821) were the most frequent, while the least frequent were BREASTFEEDING (10) and NUTRITION (4). We found 44 concordances for the root term BREAST* and 25 for the word NUTRITION in phrases such as "orphan infants have increased risk of mortality due to lack of breastfeeding and are more susceptible to infections". The concordant sentences indicate that the change away from maternal breastfeeding leads to poor nutrition and leaves the child more susceptible to infections, increasing the risk of death. Text processing with open-access tools was rapid and allowed extracting useful and comprehensible information; analysis of the ten articles showed the consequences for the child's feeding after the mother's death, affecting infant morbidity and mortality.

El objetivo del trabajo fue describir las consecuencias en la lactancia y la alimentación que tendrán los niños huérfanos menores de cinco años, como consecuencia de la muerte materna, aplicando softwares libres de minería de textos. Se trata de un estudio transversal, a partir de los artículos publicados en los repositorios PubMed y BIREME, sobre los temas muerte materna y niños huérfanos. Se seleccionaron diez artículos, publicados entre 2005-2015, de acceso libre en los que se había leído solamente el título o el resumen y que cumplían con los criterios. Los archivos de texto definieron el corpus para el análisis de contenido semiestructurado. Se incluyeron palabras claves para la minería. El análisis del corpus se realizó con TagCrowd y Textalyser para el análisis de los términos más y menos frecuentes, AntConc y Voyant Tools, para extraer palabras-clave en el análisis de contexto. Se analizaron 67.642 palabras en diez textos semiestructurados. Los términos CHILDREN (827) y DEATH (821) fueron los más frecuentes, mientras que los menos frecuentes fueron BREASTFEEDING (10) y NUTRITION (4). Se encontraron 44 concordancias para el término raíz BREAST* y 25 para la palabra NUTRITION en oraciones como: "niños huérfanos tienen aumento de riesgo de mortalidad por ausencia de la lactancia, siendo más susceptibles a las infecciones". Las frases de concordancia indican que el cambio en la lactancia materna conduce a una nutrición pobre, dejando al recién nacido expuesto a infecciones e incrementándose el riesgo de muerte. El procesamiento de texto con las herramientas libres fue rápido y permitió extraer información útil y comprensible; el análisis de los diez artículos mostró las consecuencias en la alimentación del niño tras la muerte materna, teniendo un efecto en la morbilidad y mortalidad infantil.

A educação para o enfrentamento da epidemia do HIV / La educación para el enfrentamiento de la epidemia de VIH / The education for facing the HIV Epidemic

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção dos médicos para construir novos saberes sobre o manejo inicial do usuário com teste rápido reagente para o HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde. A metodologia de ensino utilizada foi a metodologia da problematização na modalidade de educação a distância. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação crítica em um processo reflexivo realizada em um módulo educacional interativo ofertado no curso de especialização da Universidade Aberta do SUS / Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UNASUS/UFCSPA). Os discursos são distribuídos em três categorias de análise: cenários de prática, atendimento integral e educação permanente. Na análise, a apreensão e o compromisso com a realidade, associados com a teorização, geram um plano reflexivo de conduta. Conforme a meta 90-90-90, uma das expectativas é ampliar o diagnóstico; contudo, faz-se necessário a leitura ampliada da prática da revelação diagnóstica.(AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la percepción de los médicos para construir nuevos saberes sobre el manejo inicial del usuario con test rápido reactivo para el VIH en la Atención Primaria de la Salud. La metodología de enseñanza utilizada fue la de la problematización en la modalidad de educación a distancia. Se trata de una investigación-acción crítica en un proceso reflexivo realizada en un módulo educativo interactivo ofrecido en el curso de especialización de la Universidad Abierta del Sistema Brasileño de Salud - SUS/Universidad Federal de Ciencias de la Salud de Porto Alegre (UNASUS/UFCSPA). Los discursos se distribuyen en tres categorías de análisis: escenarios de práctica, atención integral y educación permanente. En el análisis, la percepción y el compromiso con la realidad, relacionados con la teorización, generan un plan reflexivo de conducta. De acuerdo con la meta 90-90-90, una de las expectativas es ampliar el diagnóstico; no obstante, es necesaria una lectura ampliada de la práctica de la revelación diagnóstica.(AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the physicians' perception regarding the building of new knowledge about the initial management of the user with reactive rapid HIV test in Primary Health Care. The teaching methodology was the problematization methodology using the modality of distance learning. It is a critical action-research in a reflexive process through an interactive educational module offered in the Specialization Course of the the Open University of the Brazilian National Health System-SUS/Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UNASUS/UFCSPA). The discourses are distributed in three categories of analysis: practice scenarios, comprehensive care and continuing education. In the analysis, the apprehension and the commitment to reality, associated with the theorizing, generate a reflective plan of conduct. According to the 90-90- 90 target, there is an expectation to broaden diagnosis; however, it is necessary to make an expanded reading of the practice of disclosing the result of the test.(AU)

A Religiosidade/Espiritualidade dos Médicos de Família: Avaliação de Alunos da Universidade Aberta do SUS (UNA-SUS) / The Spirituality/Religiosity of Family Medicine Physicians: Evaluation of SUS Open University (UNA-SUS) Trainees

RESUMO Introdução Muitas universidades ao redor do mundo têm incluído o tema religiosidade/espiritualidade (R/E) no currículo médico no período de graduação, especialmente nos Estados Unidos e Reino Unido. Este artigo objetiva apresentar a opinião de médicos, especializandos em Saúde da Família da Universidade Aberta do SUS (UNA-SUS) na Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) sobre o ensino do tema R/E na graduação em Medicina, as percepções dos profissionais sobre essa temática na prática clínica e os índices de religiosidade/espiritualidade dos estudantes. Metodologia Estudo transversal, em que um instrumento de pesquisa eletrônica foi disponibilizado aos alunos na plataforma virtual da UNA-SUS/UFCSPA, tendo sido convidados a participar voluntariamente todos os médicos de nacionalidade brasileira inscritos no curso de especialização em Saúde da Família entre os meses de junho e agosto de 2016. Resultados Foram obtidas 73 respostas (17,2%) de um total de 423 médicos. Foram encontrados 61,4% de católicos, 18,5% de evangélicos e 8,6% de espíritas, sendo 52,1% de não praticantes; 86,3% acreditam em Deus; 89% consideram importante ou muito importante o cuidado espiritual nas práticas em saúde e 94,6% consideram que a espiritualidade contribui para a saúde física. Constatou-se que 60,3% consideram a coleta da história espiritual como a habilidade mais importante a ser aprendida e 72,2% concordam em que o tema R/E deve ser abordado na graduação, enquanto 13,7% relataram contato prévio com o tema na faculdade. A relevância conferida à R/E no cuidado médico não parece ter sido mediada pela religiosidade intrínseca dos estudantes, pois não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre essa variável e a atribuição de importância à R/E na prática clínica (p = 0,585). Os médicos avaliados parecem reconhecer a importância da espiritualidade para os pacientes e para a saúde, mas são menos fortemente propensos a considerar o seu papel como cuidadores dessa dimensão. Conclusões A aceitação do tema R/E pelos médicos especializandos em Saúde da Família pela UNA-SUS/UFCSPA foi considerada bastante satisfatória. É necessário desenvolver propostas pedagógicas inovadoras, metodologicamente eficazes e apropriadas ao contexto da atuação médica no Sistema Único de Saúde, tanto na graduação, quanto nos programas de pós-graduação.

ABSTRACT Introduction Many universities around the world have included religious or spiritual (R/S) issues in the undergraduate medicine curriculum, especially in USA and United Kingdom. The article aims to present the opinion of UNA-SUS/UFCSPA's family medicine trainees about the teaching of R/S in undergraduate medical training, their perceptions about R/S in clinical practice and their personal religious profile. Methodology Cross-sectional design, using the UNA-SUS/UFCSPA online platform. All Brazilian students were invited to participate. Results 73 answers were obtained (17.2% response rate) among 423 students. 61.4% declared themselves as Catholic, 18.5% as Protestant and 8.6% Spiritist; 52.1% practice no religion, 86.3% believe in God, 89% believe that spiritual care is important or very important in health care and 94.6% consider that spirituality impacts on physical health. 60.3% consider that spiritual history is the most important ability to be learned and 72.2% believe that this issue should be taught in the undergraduate curriculum. The relevance attributed to R/S in medical care is not mediated by the student's intrinsic religiosity, because there is no statistical correlation between the variables (p = 0.585). Physicians recognize the relevance of spirituality in patients' lives and health, but they are less aware of their role as spiritual care providers. Conclusions The acceptance of the theme of R/S was considered very satisfactory. It is necessary to develop innovative pedagogic proposals, methodologically suited to medical practice in a public health system, both in graduate and undergraduate programs.

Distance Learning Course for Healthcare Professionals: Continuing Education in Tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: Continuing education of healthcare workers (HCWs) is an essential strategy for the control of tuberculosis (TB) transmission, enabling HCWs in early detection and appropriate treatment of TB cases. METHODS: We developed a distance learning (DL) course on TB for nurses. We conducted a quasi-experimental before and after study to evaluate the DL community at the participant's learning level. In addition, to evaluate the DL community at the level of participant satisfaction, a cross-sectional study was carried out after the course. Nurses involved in active inpatient or outpatient care of patients were recruited to participate in the study. RESULTS: Sixty-six participants started and completed the course and they were included in the analysis. The overall mean pretest and post-test scores were 10.3 ± 2.2 and 11.4 ± 2.7, respectively. Participants increased their knowledge to a statistically significant degree (p < 0.0001). At baseline, the frequency of correct answers was very low in some questions: number of people infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the world (10.6%); number of TB cases in Brazil (36.4%); contagiousness of latent TB infection (LTBI) (28.8%); and definition of active case finding (45.5%). Course feedback was mostly positive, with majority of users saying they were satisfied or totally satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: A brief DL course on TB was associated with some improvement in knowledge among nurses. The baseline knowledge was low regarding TB epidemiologic data, concepts on LTBI, and active case finding. This finding emphasizes the need to further improve the competencies and knowledge of nurses.

Residência multiprofissional tecendo práticas interdisciplinares na prevenção da violência / Weaving interdisciplinarity practices into the avoidance of violence in the multi-professional residence

INTRODUÇÃO: A complexidade da atenção às situações de violência requer o investimento na integralidade das ações e do cuidado, lançando às equipes multiprofissionais o desafio da construção de uma prática interdisciplinar em conjunto com a escola. RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: Analisar a integralidade da atenção à saúde e à educação a partir da ação das residentes do Programa da Residência Integrada Multiprofissional em Saúde da Criança com transversalidade em violências e vulnerabilidades inseridas numa equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Município de Porto Alegre e na escola estadual pertencente ao seu território. Trata-se da experiência interdisciplinar desenvolvida em dois níveis de abordagem: com os alunos do 1° ao 4° ano através de atividades lúdicas; e com os pais e responsáveis através da roda de conversa. A base da intervenção foram as oficinas com os alunos, buscando problematizar, através de intervenções lúdicas e brincadeiras, as situações de violência percebidas nos seus diversos ambientes. CONCLUSÃO: A prática interdisciplinar de forma consciente permite a organização do processo de trabalho com o escopo da prática colaborativa em projeto de educação interprofissional.

INTRODUCTION: The complexity of the attention to the situations of violence requires the investment in actions and care integrity, launching to the multi-professional teams the challenge of building an interdisciplinary practice together with the school. EXPERIENCE REPORT: To analyze the integrity of the attention to health and education of the residents' actions in the Program of the Multi-professional Integrated Residence in Children's Health, which are exposed to violence and vulnerability and inserted into a team of Family Health Strategy in Porto Alegre District, and the Public School that belongs to its area. It works on the inter-course studying experience developed inside two approaching levels: one with the primary level children through playing activities, and the other with their parents or guardians through conversations. The support for this intervention was the workshops with the students, aiming at bringing down the violent situations in their different environments through playing games. CONCLUSION: The interdisciplinary practice in a conscious way allows the organization of the work process with the scope of the collaborative practice in one inter-professional education project.