Association Between Familiarity with Mental Disorders and Stigma Discrimination Related to Mental Disorders Among Colombian Students.

Children and adolescents with mental disorders are often discriminated against by their peers in the school context. However, knowing the variables associated with stigma discrimination related to mental disorders (SDRMD) in each school community is crucial. The study aimed to estimate the relationship of familiarity with mental disorders with SDRMD among students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Familiarity with mental disorders and SDRMD were measured with the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale. Three hundred fifty students were aged between 10 and 17 years (13.34 ± 1.78), and 188 (53.71%) were girls. Having a close friend with a mental health problem (odds ratio = 0.17, 95% CI, 0.06-0.48) was a protective factor for SDRMD. Having a close friend with a mental health problem is protective against SDRMD among Colombian school students.

Performance of the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale Among Colombian Adolescents.

Background: Stigma discrimination against people who meet the criteria for mental disorders is frequent in Colombian adolescents; however, there is no valid and reliable instrument for measurement. The study aimed to establish the Reported and Intended Behavior Scale psychometric performance among Colombian adolescents. Methods: A validation study was carried out with 350 students aged between 10 and 17, 53.7% of whom were girls. The authors estimated frequencies for reported behaviors and measured internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis for intended behaviors. The Reported and Intended Behavior Scale has 2 sub-scales-reported and intended behaviors, with 4 items each. Results: The reported behavior sub-scale ranged from 10.0% to 24.9%, whereas the intended behavior sub-scale presented a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86-0.90) and a McDonald omega of 0.88. For the confirmatory factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.81, Bartlett chi-squared, was 771.1 (df = 6, P = .001), and Eigen value was 2.95 that explained 73.9% of the total variance. For the goodness-of-fit tests, chi-squared was 21.9 (df = 2, P = .001), root mean square error of approximation was 0.17 (90% CI: 0.11-0.24), Comparative Fit Index was 0.97, Tucker-Lewis Index was 0.92, and standardized root mean square residual was 0.03. Conclusions: The Reported and Intended Behavior Scale can measure reported behaviors, and the intended behavior sub-scale shows high internal consistency. However, the dimensionality of the intended behavior sub-scale presents modest goodness-of-fit indexes. These findings need replications.

Fatalism, Emotional Regulation, and Suicide Risk in Colombian Adults During the SAR-Cov-2 Disease Epidemic.

The current pandemic of Severe Acute Syndrome (SAR-CoV-2) is a public health problem with implications for mental health. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicide risk and its association with fatalism and emotional regulation during SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia's adult population. A cross-sectional study was designed, an online format was used, which evaluated sociodemographic variables, CES-D-SI, the Fatalism Questionnaire against COVID-19, and the Emotional Regulation Scale. 435 Colombian adults participated, aged between 18 and 79 years. A prevalence of suicide risk was found in 5.3%, and it was associated with the interaction between living in rural area and less education (OR = 5.60, 95%CI 1.28-24.53), emotional dysregulation (OR = 3.54, 95%CI 1.77-7.09), and fatalistic beliefs (OR = 3.09, 95%CI 1.53-6.27). 5.3% of the population presented an elevated suicide risk. It was associated with less education, rural areas, fatalistic beliefs, and emotional dysregulation in the Colombian population during mandatory confinement due to SAR-CoV-2.

Consistencia interna, Dimensionalidad y Reproducibilidad de dos Escalas para Estigma-Discriminación Relacionado con Trastornos Mentales en Estudiantes de Medicina / Internal Consistency, Dimensionality and Reproducibility of Two Scales for Mental Disorder Stigma-Discrimination Among Students of Medicine / Consistência Interna, Dimensionalidade e Reprodutibilidade de Duas Escalas de Estigma-Discriminação de Transtornos Mentais entre Estudantes de Medicina em Santa Marta, Colômbia

Resumen Introducción: la escala de conocimiento en salud mental (MAKS) y la escala de trastorno mental: actitudes de los médicos (MICA) son herramientas para explorar estigma-discriminación relacionado con los trastornos mentales. Las traducciones en español están disponibles; sin embargo, se desconoce la consistencia interna de estos instrumentos. Objetivo: explorar la consistencia interna y la correlación entre MAKS y MICA en estudiantes de medicina. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó un estudio psicométrico. Una muestra de 507 estudiantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 39 años (M=21,0; DE =2,9), 56,5 % eran mujeres, 65,3 % estudiaban en una universidad privada y 50,1 % tomaban cursos básicos de medicina. Los participantes completaron el MAKS y el MICA, que son escalas de 12 y 16 ítems, respectivamente. Ambas escalas ofrecen opciones de respuesta tipo Likert, desde totalmente de acuerdo hasta totalmente en desacuerdo. Resultados: se calculó la consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald) y la correlación entre MAKS y MICA. MAKS mostró alfa de Cronbach de 0,62 y omega de McDonald de 0,77 y MICA presentó alfa de Cronbach de 0,51 y omega de McDonald de 0,33. La reproducibilidad de la MICA r=0,44 y CCI de 0,61 y la de la MAKS r =0,44 y CCI de 0,60. Conclusión: se concluye que la MAKS presenta aceptable consistencia interna y reproducibilidad; sin embargo, la MICA muestra un pobre desempeño. Se recomienda utilizar MAKS para medir la discriminación de estigma relacionada con trastornos mentales entre estudiantes de medicina en Santa Marta, Colombia. Los ítems de la versión en español de la MICA necesitan una revisión sólida.

Abstract Introduction. Both Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) and Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA) are tools for exploring stigma-discrimination related to mental disorders. Spanish translations are now available; however, it is unknown their internal consistency. The research Objective. The research objective was to explore the internal consistency and correlation between MAKS and MICA in students of medicine at Santa Marta, Colombia. Materials and Methods. A psychometric study was designed. A sample of 507 students, aged between 18 and 39 years (M=21.0, SD=2.9), 56.5 % were females, 65.3 % studied in a private university, and 50.1 % were taking basic medicine courses. Participants completed the MAKS and MICA, which are 12- and 16-item scales, respectively. Both scales offer Likert-type options of answer from strongly agree to disagree strongly. Results. Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega) and correlation between MAKS and MICA were computed. The MAKS showed Cronbach alpha of 0.62 and McDonald omega of 0.77, and the MICA presented Cronbach alpha of 0.51 and McDonald omega of 0.33. The reproducibility of the MICA was r=0.44 and ICC of 0.61, and the MAKS, r = 0.44 and ICC of 0.60. As Conclusions. The MAKS presents acceptable internal consistency and reproducibility; however, the MICA shows poor performance. It is recommended to use MAKS to measure stigma-discrimination related to mental disorders among medical students in Santa Marta, Colombia. MICA items need a strong review for the Spanish version.

Resumo Introdução. Tanto o Programa de Conhecimento em Saúde Mental (MAKS, in English) quanto a Doença Mental: Atitudes do Clínico (MICA, in English) são ferramentas para explorar o estigma-discriminação relacionado aos transtornos mentais. Já estão disponíveis traduções para o espanhol; no entanto, desconhece-se a sua consistência interna. Objetivo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi explorar a consistência interna e a correlação entre MAKS e MICA em estudantes de medicina de Santa Marta, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. Um estudo psicométrico foi desenhado. Em uma amostra de 507 alunos, com idades entre 18 e 39 anos (M=21,0, DP=2,9), 56, 5% eram do sexo feminino, 65,3 % cursavam universidade privada e 50,1 % cursavam medicina básica. Os participantes preencheram o MAKS e o MICA, que são escalas de 12 e 16 itens, respectivamente. Ambas as escalas oferecem opções de resposta do tipo Likert de concordo totalmente a discordo totalmente. Resultados. A consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald) e a correlação entre MAKS e MICA foram calculadas. O MAKS apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,62 e McDonald ômega de 0,77, e o MICA apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,51 e McDonald ômega de 0,33. A reprodutibilidade do MICA foi r=0,44 e ICC de 0,61, e do MAKS, rs=0,44 e ICC de 0,60. Conclusões. Como Conclusões, o MAKS apresenta consistência interna e reprodutibilidade aceitáveis; no entanto, o MICA mostra um desempenho ruim. Recomenda-se o uso do MAKS para medir o estigma-discriminação relacionado aos transtornos mentais entre estudantes de medicina em Santa Marta, Colômbia. Os itens do MICA precisam de uma revisão rigorosa para a versão em espanhol.

Ideación suicida, ansiedad, capital social y calidad de sueño en colombianos durante el primer mes de aislamiento físico por COVID-19 / Suicidal ideation, anxiety, social capital, and sleep quality in Colombians during the first month Physical Isolation by COVID-19

Resumen Objetivo: explorar los niveles de ideación suicida, ansiedad, capital social y calidad de sueño en hombres y mujeres, según edades, en población colombiana durante el primer mes de Aislamiento Físico por pandemia de Covid-19. Método: Estudio exploratorio y en línea, con 484 sujetos. Se utilizaron cuatro Escalas: Escala de Okasha para Suicidalidad (Okasha-IS), ZungSelf-Rating Anxiety Scale-15 (SAS-15), The Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS) y Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Los instrumentos se registraron en la Web y se suministró mediante WhatsApp, Facebook y E-mail. Resultados: Se encontró un índice de ideación suicida del 40% entre leve a severa. 97% de ansiedad leve a severa. Capital social personal regular (81%) y 23% con poca calidad de sueño. La edad se asoció de manera inversa con valores de IS, SAS y PSQI (p<0,01) y de manera directa con PSCS (p<0,05). Sexo se correlacionó positivamente con SAS-15 (p<0,01) y PQSI (p<0,05). Mediante Análisis de Varianza se encontró diferencia significativa en hombres en los valores del IS y PQSI (p<0,01) y en mujeres hay diferencia significativa en los valores de IS, SAS-15 y PQSI (p<0,01) en diferentes grupos de edades. Conclusiones: Las mujeres son más propensas a sentir ansiedad e ideación suicida asociados con Aislamiento Físico y bajo capital social, lo que puede desencadenar problemas psicológicos mayores. Los jóvenes menores de 20 años siguen siendo un grupo de mayor riesgo a padecer psicopatologías profundas, desencadenando suicidios. El presente estudio se adhiere a la idea de usar el término de distanciamiento Físico y no Aislamiento Social, dado que las relaciones sociales se mantienen desde niveles diferentes al contacto físico.

Abstract Objective: to explore the levels of suicidal ideation, anxiety, social capital, and quality of sleep in men and women, according to age, in the Colombian population during the Covid-19 Pandemic Physical Isolation. Method: Exploratory and online study with 484 subjects. Four Scales were used: Okasha Suicidality Scale (Okasha-IS), ZungSelf-Rating Anxiety Scale-15 (SAS-15), The Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The instruments were registered on the Web and provided through WhatsApp, Facebook and E-mail. Results: A suicidal ideation rate of 40% was found between mild to severe. 97% of anxiety mild to severe. Regular personal social capital (81%) and 23% with poor sleep quality. Age was inversely associated with IS, SAS and PSQI values (p <0,01) and directly with PSCS (p <0,05). Sex was positively correlated with SAS-15 (p <0,01) and PQSI (p <0,05). By means of Analysis of Variance a significant difference was found in men in IS and PQSI values (p <0,01) and in women there is a significant difference in IS, SAS-15 and PQSI values (p <0,01) in different age groups. Conclusions: Women are more prone to feel anxiety and suicidal ideation associated with Physical Isolation and low social capital, which can trigger major psychological problems. Young people under 20 years of age continue to be a group at greater risk of suffering from profound psychopathologies, triggering suicides. In the present research it is recommended to use the term Physical Distancing and not Social Isolation, since social relationships are maintained from different levels than physical contact.

Anxiety and depression among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / Ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Abstract Objective: to establish some variables associated with anxiety and depression with clinical importance in patients with COPD from the outpatient clinic in Santa Marta, Colombia. Design: a cross-sectional analytical study. Background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease that affects approximately one in ten people in the general Colombian population. COPD is often associated with anxiety and depression. However, information on the variables associated with anxiety and depression in patients with COPD is limited. Participants: adult COPD patients were included. The patients were classified according to the GOLD initiative and the combined assessment. Interventions: none. Measurements: clinically important anxiety and depression were assessed with the 10-item versions of the Zung scales. Results: 409 patients between 40 and 102 years of age participated, mean of 73.0 years (SD=10.2 years), 58.7% male, 88.8% married (or in free union), 73.6% residents in low stratum (I, II or III), 92.7% exposed to cigarettes or wood smoke (biomass), 44.5% in GOLD 3 or 4, 22.2% classified in the combined evaluation C or D, 19.1% presented clinically significant anxiety and 27.9% clini cally significant depression. Clinically important anxiety showed a significant association with the combined assessment C or D (OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.19-3.63) and female sex (OR=1.80, 95%CI 1.10 2.99) and depression with clinical importance showed a significant relationship with female sex (OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.50-3.70) and the combined C or D evaluation (OR=2.04, 95%CI 1.22-3.42). Conclusions: The prevalence of clinically important anxiety and depression is high in COPD patients. Anxiety and depression are associated with female gender and the severity of COPD. Anxiety and depression must be evaluated in all patients with COPD evaluated in an outpatient clinic, particularly in women and in patients classified C or D in the combined evaluation. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.1644).

Resumen Objetivo: establecer algunas variables asociadas a ansiedad y depresión con importancia clínica en pacientes con EPOC de la consulta externa de Santa Marta, Colombia. Diseño: estudio analítico transversal. Marco de referencia: la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un padecimiento crónico que afecta aproximadamente a una de cada diez personas de la población general colombiana. La EPOC con frecuencia se asocia a ansiedad y depresión. Sin embargo, es limitada la información sobre las variables asociadas a ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con EPOC. Participantes: se incluyeron pacientes adultos con EPOC. Los pacientes se clasificaron según la iniciativa GOLD y la evaluación combinada. Intervenciones: ninguna. Mediciones: la ansiedad y la depresión con importancia clínica se evaluaron con las versiones de 10 ítems de las escalas de Zung. Resultados: participaron 409 pacientes entre 40 y 102 años, media de 73.0 años (DE=10.2 años), 58.7% de sexo masculino, 88.8% casado (o en unión libre), 73.6% residentes en estrato bajo (I, II o III), 92.7% expuesto a cigarrillo o humo de leña (biomasa), 44.5% en GOLD 3 o 4, 22.2% clasificados en la evaluación combinada C o D, 19.1% presentaron ansiedad con importancia clínica y 27.9% depresión con importancia clínica. La ansiedad con importancia clínica mostró asociación significativa con la evaluación combinada C o D (OR= 2.08; IC95% 1.19-3.63) y sexo femenino (OR=1.80; IC95% 1.10-2.99) y la depresión con importancia clínica mostró relación significativa con sexo femenino (OR=2.35; IC95% 1.50-3.70) y la evaluación combinada C o D (OR=2.04; IC95% 1.22-3.42). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión con importancia clínica es alta en pa cientes con EPOC. Ansiedad y depresión se asocian a sexo femenino y a la gravedad de la EPOC. Es necesario evaluar ansiedad y depresión en todos los pacientes con EPOC evaluados en consulta externa, particularmente, en mujeres y en pacientes clasificados C o D en la evaluación combinada. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.1644).

Quality of life and depression in COPD patients in the Colombian Caribbean.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the association between quality of life and depression among COPD patients of the Colombian Caribbean. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of adult COPD patients. COPD-related quality of life was quantified with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and depression using the Zung 10-item Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS-10). The relationship between COPD-related quality of life and depression with odds ratios (OR), crude and adjusted, was determined. RESULTS: 408 patients participated in the study. They were aged between 40 and 102 years (mean = 72.9, SD = 10.2) and 58.8% men. Two hundred eighty-four patients (69.6%) reported worse health status (CAT ≥10), and 114 patients (27.9%) scored for depression (SDS-10). Patients with worse health status presented more depression (OR = 5.85, 95% CI 3.01-11.36) and after adjusting for gender (OR = 5.70, 95% CI 2.92-11.13). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with COPD and CAT ≥10, there is a five times greater risk of depression than patients with CAT <10. However, the relationship may be bidirectional. It is essential to specify the direction of causality in future investigations.

Psychometric Properties of the Five-Item Francis Attitude Towards Christianity Scale in Colombian Psychiatric Outpatients.

This study aimed to know the psychometric properties of the five-item Francis scale of the attitude towards Christianity (Francis-5) by assessing psychiatric outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia. A sample of 260 adult patients participated. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed an excellent one-dimensional structure with high internal consistency. It was concluded that the Francis-5 exhibited good indicators of validity and reliability in Colombian psychiatric outpatients.

Review of cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in the general population. / Revisión de casos, series de casos y estudios de prevalencia de zoofilia en la población general.

BACKGROUND: Information about the frequency of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is scarce. OBJECTIVE: To review cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in adults in the general population. METHODS: A review of publications was carried out in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and the Biblioteca Virtual en Salud [Virtual Health Library] ranging from January 2000 to December 2017. RESULTS: Thirteen papers were reviewed (ten case reports, two case series and one cross-sectional study). Twelve patients were described, the case series totalled 1,556 people and the cross-sectional study included 1,015 participants and reported a prevalence of zoophilic behaviour of 2%. CONCLUSIONS: Information on the prevalence of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is limited. The Internet will probably be a valuable tool for further investigating these behaviours in coming years.

Revisión de casos, series de casos y estudios de prevalencia de zoofilia en la población general / Review of cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in the general population

RESUMEN Introducción: El conocimiento de la frecuencia de comportamientos zoofílicos en la población general es escaso. Objetivo: Revisar casos, series de casos y estudios de prevalencia de zoofilia en adultos de la población general. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, a través de PubMed, Scopus y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de publicaciones desde enero de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Se revisaron 13 trabajos (10 informes de casos, 2 series de casos y 1 estudio transversal). Entre los casos se describió a 12 pacientes; las series de casos sumaron a 1.556 personas y el estudio transversal incluyó a 1.015 participantes e informó de una prevalencia de comportamientos zoofílicos del 2%. Conclusiones: Es escasa la información sobre la prevalencia de comportamientos zoofílicos en la población general. Es probable que internet permita investigar mejor estos comportamientos en los próximos años.

ABSTRACT Background: Information about the frequency of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is scarce. Objective: To review cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in adults in the general population. Methods: A review of publications was carried out in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and the Biblioteca Virtual en Salud [Virtual Health Library] ranging from January 2000 to December 2017. Results: Thirteen papers were reviewed (ten case reports, two case series and one cross-sectional study). Twelve patients were described, the case series totalled 1,556 people and the cross-sectional study included 1,015 participants and reported a prevalence of zoophilic behaviour of 2%. Conclusions: Information on the prevalence of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is limited. The Internet will probably be a valuable tool for further investigating these behaviours in coming years.

Consistencia interna y dimensionalidad del cuestionario breve para detectar intimidación escolar / Internal Consistency and Dimensionality in the Brief Questionnaire for Bullying Detection / Consistência interna e dimensionalidade do questionário breve para a detecção da intimidação escolar

Resumen Objetivo. Corroborar el desempeño psicométrico, la consistencia interna y la dimensionalidad del Cuestionario Breve de Detección de Intimidación Escolar (CBDIE). Método. Se diseñó un estudio de validación en el que participaron 350 estudiantes, entre los 10 y los 17 años (M= 13.3; DE= 1.8), 53.7% de género femenino. Se calcularon indicadores de consistencia interna (Kuder-Richardson, K-R, y omega de McDonald) para las tres subescalas del CBDIE. Resultados. La subescala de intimidación percibida mostró K-R de 0.55 y omega de McDonald de 0.58; la subescala de síntomas emocionales, 0.80 y 0.81; y la subescala de intimidación perpetrada, 0.41 y 0.33. No fue posible demostrar la dimensionalidad del instrumento. Conclusión. Solo la subescala de síntomas emocionales de CBDIE presenta alta consistencia interna. Se necesitan más investigaciones de la dimensionalidad del CBDIE, para dar cuenta de su estructura interna.

Abstract Objective. To corroborate the psychometric performance, internal consistency and dimensionality, of the Brief Questionnaire for Bullying Detection (BQBD). Method. A validation study was designed in which 350 students between 10 and 17 years of age (M = 13.3; SD = 1.8) participated, 53.7% of them female. Internal consistency indicators (Kuder-Richardson, K-R and McDonald's omega) were calculated for the three sub-scales of the BQBD. Results. The sub-scale of perceived intimidation showed K-R of 0.55 and McDonald's omega of 0.58; the sub-scale of emotional symptoms were 0.80 and 0.81, and the sub-scale of perpetrated intimidation were 0.41 and 0.33, respectively. It was impossible to demonstrate the proposed dimensionality. Conclusion. Only the sub-scale of emotional symptoms of the BQBD has high internal consistency. More research on the dimensionality of the BQBD is needed to explain its internal structure.

Resumo Escopo. Corroborar o desempenho psicométrico, a consistência interna e a dimensionalidade do Questionário Breve de Detecção de Intimidação Escolar (CBDIE). Metodologia. Foi desenhado um estudo de validação no que participaram 350 estudantes, entre os 10 e os 17 anos (M=13.3; DE=1.8); 53.7% de gênero feminino. Foram calculados indicadores de consistência interna (Kuder-Richardson, K-R, e ômega de McDonald) para as três sub-escadas do CBDIE. Resultados. A sub-escada de intimidação percebida mostrou K-R de 0.55 e ômega de McDonald de 0.58; a sub-escada de sintomas emocionais, 0.8 e 0.81; e a sub-escada de intimidação perpetrada, 0.41 e 0.33. Não foi possível demostrar a dimensionalidade do instrumento. Conclusão. Só a sub-escada de sintomas emocionais de CIBDE apresenta alta consistência interna. Foram necessitadas mais pesquisas da dimensionalidade do CIBDE, para dar conta da sua estrutura interna.

Barriers to access to mental health services among Colombia outpatients.

BACKGROUND: Access barriers are all situations or conditions that limit seeking, receiving or enjoying benefits offered by the health system. This set of situations translates into underutilization of the services offered. In Colombia, there is little information about barriers to accessing medical care in general, and even less in the specific field of mental health. AIM: To determine the barriers to accessing psychiatric care in outpatients in Santa Marta, Colombia. METHODS: The authors designed a cross-sectional study with a non-probability sample of adult patients who consulted between August and December 2018. The barriers to access were measured with a 20-item version of the Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE) scale. RESULTS: A total of 247 patients participated; they were between 18 and 82 years (mean (M) = 47.5, standard deviation (SD) = 13.9). A total of 69 (27.9%) patients classified as having major attitudinal barriers; 62 (25.1%) patients, major barriers related to stigma-discrimination; and 41 (16.6%) patients, major instrumental barriers. Concerning the associated variables, age less than 45 years was related to major attitudinal barriers (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-5.5), major barriers related to stigma-discrimination (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.0-7.2) and major instrumental barriers (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.3). Men reported major instrumental barriers more frequently than women (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-5.8). CONCLUSION: The major attitudinal, related to stigma-discrimination and instrumental barriers to access frequently delay a consultation with mental health services. Actions are necessary to reduce barriers to accessing mental health care.

Asociación entre matoneo escolar, síntomas depresivos e ideación suicida / Association between school bullying, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estimar la relación entre matoneo escolar (ME), síntomas depresivos con importancia clínica (SDIC) y alto nivel de ideación suicida (ANIS) en adolescentes estudiantes de la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que participaron estudiantes entre 10 y 17 años, de sexto a undécimo grado escolar, quienes diligenciaron una versión de cinco ítems del Cuestionario de Intimidación Escolar Abreviado, CIE-A; la versión de diez ítems de la Escala del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de la Depresión, CES-D-10; y la Escala de Okasha para Suicidalidad, EOS. Participaron 350 estudiantes (M=13,3; DE=1,8), 188 mujeres y 162 hombres, 236 estudiantes de básica secundaria y 114 en media vocacional. Un total de 58 (16,6%) informó ME, 59 (16,9%) SDIC y 33 (9,4%) ANIS. El ME se asoció significativamente a ANIS (OR=3,1; IC95% 1,3-7,9), después de controlar por SDIC y sexo. Se evidencia la relevancia de evaluar SDIC en víctimas de ME, y las posibilidades de reducir el riesgo de ANIS a partir de la identificación y realización de programas de intervención en adolescentes con SDIC.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to estimate the relationship between bullying, depressive symptoms with clinical importance (DSCI) and high level of suicidal ideation level (HLSI) in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed in which participated students between 10 and 17 years old, from sixth to eleventh grade. Students filled out a five-item version of the Abbreviated School Bullying Questionnaire, ASBQ, the ten-item version of the Center of Epidemiological Depression Studies, CES-D-10, and the Okasha scale for suicidality, OSS. A total of 350 students were included (M=13.3, SD=1.8), 188 women and 162 men, 236 middle school students and 114 high school students. A group of 58 (16.6%) students reported bullying, 59 (16.9%) DSCI and 33 (9.4%) HLSI. Bullying was significantly associated with HLSI (OR=3.1, 95%CI 1.3-7.9), after controlling for DSCI and gender. It is concluded that bullying is substantially associated with HLSI in a sample of students in Santa Marta, Colombia. Further research of this association is needed.

Entrevistas en los procesos de selección de estudiantes de medicina / Interviews in the selection processes of Medicine students

Desde hace varias décadas, las entrevistas en los procesos de selección de estudiantes para las escuelas de Medicina han sido repetidamente objeto de discusión. No obstante, se ha investigado muy poco sobre la utilidad de la entrevista clásica en la admisión de los futuros médicos.

Evaluación de la producción científica de las revistas del área de la salud existentes en la región caribe colombiana indexadas en Publindex -Colciencias, Colombia, 2010 - 2015 / Evaluation of scientific production of Journal existing area of Health in the Colombian Caribbean region, indexed in Publindex -Colciencias, Colombia, 2010-2015

Resumen Evaluar la producción científica de las revistas del área de la salud existentes en la región Caribe colombiana en el periodo 2010 - 2015 indexadas en Publindex - Colciencias, actualización 2014-2. A través de un análisis bibliométrico de carácter retrospectivo y descriptivo se hizo la revisión de artículos publicados en las revistas Ciencia y Salud Virtual, Ciencias Biomédicas, Dua%ary, Psicogente, Psicología desde el Caribe y Salud Uninorte. Lo anterior permitió encontrar para el total de las revistas: 75 ediciones, 631 manuscritos, 2117 autores y 221 instituciones; así mismo, se pudo registrar que tres de esas publicaciones disminuyeron su periodicidad en los últimos cinco años. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio coinciden con la clasificación otorgada a cada una de las revistas por Publindex-Colciencias 2014-2, y se revalida con la mayor participación de países e instituciones de afiliación.

Abstract To evaluate the scientific production of health journals in the Colombian Caribbean region in the period 2010-2015, indexed in Publindex - Colciencias, update 2014-2. Through a bibliometric, analysis of a retrospective and descriptive character was made the review of articles published in the journals: Science and Virtual Health, Biomedical Sciences, Duazary, Psychogenic, Psychology from the Caribbean and Health Uninorte. The total number of journals was 75 editions, 631 manuscripts, 2117 authors and 221 institutions, as well as the fact that three of these journals decreased in the last five years. The results obtained in the study coincide with the classification given to each of the journals by Publindex-Colciencias 2014-2 and is revalidated with the greater participation of countries and affiliation institutions.

Validez y dimensionalidad de la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg en estudiantes universitarios / Validity and Dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale Among College Students / Validez e dimensionalidade da escada de autoestima de Rosenberg em estudantes universitários

Objetivo. Conocer la consistencia interna y la dimensionalidad de la escala de Rosenberg para evaluar la autoestima (ERA) en universitarios de Santa Marta, Colombia. Método. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1341 estudiantes, entre 18 y 30 años, de varios programas académicos, que diligenciaron la ERA. Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald se calcularon para la confiabilidad, el coeficiente de Mosier, para medir unidimensionalidad, y los análisis factoriales exploratorios, para medir la dimensionalidad de la ERA. Resultados. En la escala se observó un alfa de Cronbach de 0.72, un omega de McDonald de 0.65 y un coeficiente de Mosier de 0.75. La ERA mostró dos dimensiones: (a) autoestima positiva, que explicó el 32.3% de la varianza, y (b) autoestima negativa, responsable del 13.8% de la varianza. Estas dimensiones presentaron baja correlación entre ellas. Conclusión. La ERA cuenta con dos dimensiones, autoestima positiva y autoestima negativa, que se comportan como escalas distintas.

Objective. The objective of the research was to determine the internal consistency and dimensionality of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) in college students from Santa Marta, Colombia. Method. A sample of 1.341 students was used in the application of the RSES. Students were aged between 18 and 30 years, mean = 20.6 years (SD = 3.4); 50.7% were males. Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega were computed to estimate reliability. Mosier's coefficient was calculated to measure the dimensionality. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to observe the dimensionality of the RSES. Results. Cronbach alpha for RSES was 0.72; McDonald omega, 0.65; and Mosier coefficient, 0.75. The RSES showed two dimensions, 'positive self-esteem' that explained 32.3% of the variance; and 'negative self-esteem' which accounted for 13.8% of the variance. These dimensions showed a low correlation each other. Conclusion. The RSES is a scale with two dimensions, 'positive self-esteem' and 'negative self-esteem' which should be considered as separate scales.

Escopo. Conhecer a consistência interna e dimensionalidade da escada de Rosenberg para avaliar a autoestima (ERA) em universitários de Santa Marta, Colômbia. Metodologia. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 1341 estudantes, entre 18 e 30 anos, de diferentes programas académicos, que diligenciaram a ERA. O alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald foram calculados para a confiabilidade, coeficiente de Mosier, para medir unidimensionalidade e análise fatoriais exploratórios para a dimensionalidade da ERA. Resultados. A escada mostrou um alfa de Cronbach de 0.72, ômega de Mc Donald de 0.65 e coeficiente de Mosier de 0.75. A ERA mostrou duas dimensiones: (a) autoestima positiva, que explicou um 32.3% da variação e (b) autoestima negativa, responsável de 13.8% da variação. Estas dimensiones mostraram baixa correlação entre elas. Conclusão. A conclusão é que ERA conta com duas dimensões, autoestima positiva e autoestima negativa, que comportam-se como escadas diferentes.

Análisis bibliométrico de la revista duazary en el quinquenio 2012-2016 / Bibliometric analysis of the duazary journal in the period 2012-2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la producción científica de la revista Duazary entre los años 2012-2016, a través de un estudio bibliométrico de tipo descriptivo transversal. Para ello, se analizaron 98 artículos a partir de indicadores como: tipología del artículo, número de artículos por año, afiliación de autores, índice de colaboración, disciplina, citaciones e idioma de publicación. Los resultados evidencian que las contribuciones internacionales han aumentado desde el año 2014 y que predominan los artículos clasificados en las áreas temáticas de ciencias de la salud y medicina clínica (95%). Igualmente, se encontró que más del 50% del total de los manuscritos corresponden a artículos originales, escritos en su mayoría en idioma español. De esta manera, se considera que publicar un mayor número de artículos en inglés constituye una oportunidad de mejora para la revista.

This study aimed at analyzing the scientific information of the Duazary Journal, between 2012 and 2016. To this end, a descriptive and cross-sectional bibliometric analysis was performed, including 98 published papers, based on the following indexes: paper typology, number of papers per year, institutional affiliation, collaboration index,topic, citations, and language. The results show that international contributions have increased since 2014 and papers classified in the areas of health sciences and clinical medicine (95%) predominate. Likewise, it was found that more than 50% of the total manuscripts correspond to original research papers, written mostly in Spanish. Therefore, increasing the number of papers published in English constitutes an opportunity for the journal improvement.