Características de los vídeos de YouTube en castellano sobre la vacuna antigripal / Characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish about the influenza vaccine

FUNDAMENTO: Analizar las características de los vídeos de YouTube en castellano sobre la vacuna antigripal. MÉTODO: En abril de 2019 se realizó una búsqueda en YouTube usando el término vacuna gripe. Se estudió la asociación del tipo de autoría y del país de publicación con el resto de variables (tono del mensaje, tipo de publicación, recomendaciones de vacunación según el Ministerio de Sanidad español, entre otras) mediante análisis univariante y un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 208 vídeos, el 26% publicados desde España y el 25% desde México; el 47,1% eran noticias, el 51,4% elaborados por canales de televisión, y el 79,8% apoyaban el uso de la vacuna antigripal (tono positivo). El contenido más frecuente fue considerar la vacuna antigripal como el método más eficaz de prevención (64,4%) y la recomendación de vacunar a partir de los 65 años (43,3%). La autoría por profesionales sanitarios se relacionó con un tono positivo hacia la vacunación (OR: 2,91; IC95%: 1,12-7,53; p = 0,028), y el país de publicación (España) con un tono no positivo (OR: 0,31; IC95%: 0,15-0,65; p = 0,002). CONCLUSIONES: La información en YouTube sobre la vacuna antigripal no suele ser muy completa, y difiere según autoría y país de publicación. Por tanto, los profesionales sanitarios en España deberían publicar información provacunación según las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad, y se debería promocionar la consulta de dichos vídeos entre los usuarios en España que buscan información fiable sobre esta vacuna en YouTube

BACKGROUND: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish about the influenza vaccine. METHODS: In April 2019, a search was conducted on YouTube with the term vacuna gripe. We studied the association between the type of author, and country of publication, and the rest of the variables (tone of the message, type of publication, and vaccination recommendations according to the Spanish Ministry of Health, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: In total, 208 videos were assessed; 51.0% had been published from Spain and Mexico, and 79.8% of the videos supported the use of influenza vaccines. The main topics discussed in the videos were whether the vaccine should be considered the most effective method to prevent influenza (64.4%) and recommendations concerning the vaccination of people over 65 years old (43.3%). The variables type of authorship (healthcare professionals) and country of publication (Spain) were associated with a positive attitude towards vaccination (OR: 2.91; 95%CI: 1.12-7.53 and OR: 0.31; 95%CI: 0.15-0.65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The existing information on YouTube about the influenza vaccine is not generally very complete, and it varies depending on the authorship of the videos and the country of publication. It would be advisable for healthcare professionals to publish videos promoting vaccination based on the guidelines from the Spanish Ministry of Health, and it is necessary to promote those videos for Spanish users who search for reliable information about this vaccine on YouTube

[Characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish about the influenza vaccine]. / Características de los vídeos de YouTube en castellano sobre la vacuna antigripal.

BACKGROUND: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish about the influenza vaccine. METHODS: In April 2019, a search was conducted on YouTube with the term vacuna gripe. We studied the association between the type of author, and country of publication, and the rest of the variables (tone of the message, type of publication, and vaccination recommendations according to the Spanish Ministry of Health, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: In total, 208 videos were assessed; 51.0% had been published from Spain and Mexico, and 79.8% of the videos supported the use of influenza vaccines. The main topics discussed in the videos were whether the vaccine should be considered the most effective method to prevent influenza (64.4%) and recommendations concerning the vaccination of people over 65 years old (43.3%). The variables type of authorship (healthcare professionals) and country of publication (Spain) were associated with a positive attitude towards vaccination (OR: 2.91; 95%CI: 1.12-7.53 and OR: 0.31; 95%CI: 0.15-0.65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The existing information on YouTube about the influenza vaccine is not generally very complete, and it varies depending on the authorship of the videos and the country of publication. It would be advisable for healthcare professionals to publish videos promoting vaccination based on the guidelines from the Spanish Ministry of Health, and it is necessary to promote those videos for Spanish users who search for reliable information about this vaccine on YouTube.

Encefalitis vírica y convulsiones refractarias por gripe A en época no estacional / Influenza A viral encephalitis and refractory seizures out of season

El virus H1N1 se caracteriza por producir sobretodo sintomatología respiratoria y presentarse en época invernal o epidemiológica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que debutó con cuadros convulsivos en mayo, fuera de la poca invernal y requirió cuidados intensivos (AU)

The H1N1 virus is characterized by producing respiratory symptoms mostly in winter or epidemiological time. We report the case of a patient that started with seizures in May, out of the winter, and required intensive care (AU)

Satisfacción de los pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Crohn con respecto a la colonoscopia y entero-resonancia magnética / Crohn's disease patient's satisfaction with colonoscopy versus entero magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Objetivos. Evaluar la satisfacción y las preferencias sobre la colonoscopia (CL) y la entero-resonancia (ERM) de los pacientes que padecen enfermedad de Crohn a los que se les ha realizado ambas pruebas. Valorar también la eficacia del sistema de información para la recogida de estos datos. Método. Estudio piloto transversal, mediante una encuesta telefónica de satisfacción realizada a pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Los pacientes del estudio se seleccionaron en la consulta del Servicio de Aparato Digestivo del Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias. Se les realizaron las dos pruebas objeto del estudio durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2011 y el 30 de junio de 2012. Las encuestas se efectuaron durante los meses de julio y agosto de 2012. Resultados. Han participado un total de 48 pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn. De ellos, 24 eran mujeres y 24 hombres. Con una media de edad de 43 años (DE: 13.8). La peor valoración se obtuvo en la preparación previa de ambas. Si los pacientes pudieran elegir, 23 preferían CL, 16 ERM y a 9 les era indiferente. Conclusiones. La preferencia de los pacientes hacia la CL pudo deberse a la administración previa de sedación. Una prueba como la CL, que a priori puede resultar desagradable para el paciente, resulta mucho mejor tolerada gracias a la sedación. En ambas pruebas las preparaciones previas se perciben como molestas. Nos plantearemos cómo poder mejorar la tolerancia a dicha preparación, quizá dando más información, puesto que muchas veces no se realiza correctamente y eso puede acentuar dicha percepción desagradable (AU)

Objectives. To evaluate satisfaction and preferences in Crohn's disease patients who have undergone a colonoscopy (CL) and a MRI colonography (MRI). As well as evaluate the effectiveness of the information system to collect the data. Method. A sectional pilot study conducted through a satisfaction survey questionnaire for patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD). Study patients were selected from the Gastroenterology Department in the Principe de Asturias University Hospital, where both the colonoscopy and the entero magnetic resonance imaging tests were done from the 1st of January to the 30th of June 2012. Surveys were conducted during July and August 2012. Results. A total of 48 patients with Crohn’s disease participated. Out of these, 24 were women and 24 were men. The mean age was 43 years (SD: 13.8). The worst score was obtained at the time of preparation for both procedures. If patients could choose they would prefer CL 23, 16 MRI and 9 were indifferent. Conclusions. The patients’ preference for CL could be due to the administration of sedatives prior to the procedure. A procedure such as the CL which initially may result unpleasant for the patient is tolerated much better as a result of the sedation. In both tests, the preparations prior to the procedures are perceived as unpleasant. We will think about how to improve patients’ tolerance to these preparations, maybe by giving more information as patients, because we don’t know often how to do it properly, which could magnify this unpleasant perception (AU)

Autologous dendritic cells prolong allograft survival through Tmem176b-dependent antigen cross-presentation.

The administration of autologous (recipient-derived) tolerogenic dendritic cells (ATDCs) is under clinical evaluation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these cells prolong graft survival in a donor-specific manner is unknown. Here, we tested mouse ATDCs for their therapeutic potential in a skin transplantation model. ATDC injection in combination with anti-CD3 treatment induced the accumulation of CD8(+) CD11c(+) T cells and significantly prolonged allograft survival. TMEM176B is an intracellular protein expressed in ATDCs and initially identified in allograft tolerance. We show that Tmem176b(-/-) ATDCs completely failed to trigger both phenomena but recovered their effect when loaded with donor peptides before injection. These results strongly suggested that ATDCs require TMEM176B to cross-present antigens in a tolerogenic fashion. In agreement with this, Tmem176b(-/-) ATDCs specifically failed to cross-present male antigens or ovalbumin to CD8(+) T cells. Finally, we observed that a Tmem176b-dependent cation current controls phagosomal pH, a critical parameter in cross-presentation. Thus, ATDCs require TMEM176B to cross-present donor antigens to induce donor-specific CD8(+) CD11c(+) T cells with regulatory properties and prolong graft survival.

[CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS' SATISFACTION WITH COLONOSCOPY VERSUS ENTERO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)]. / Satisfacción de los pacientes dagnosticados de enfermedad de Crohn con respecto a la colonoscopia y entero-resonancia magnética.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate satisfaction and preferences in Crohn's disease patients who have undergone a colonoscopy (CL) and a MRI colonography (MRI). As well as evaluate the effectiveness of the information system to collect the data. METHOD: A sectional pilot study conducted through a satisfaction survey questionnaire for patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). Study patients were selected from the Gastroenterology Department in the Principe de Asturias University Hospital, where both the colonoscopy and the entero magnetic resonance imaging tests were done from the 1st of January to the 30th of June 2012. Surveys were conducted during July and August 2012. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients with Crohn's disease participated. Out of these, 24 were women and 24 were men. The mean age was 43 years (SD: 13.8). The worst score was obtained at the time of preparation for both procedures. If patients could choose they would prefer CL 23, 16 MRI and 9 were indifferent. CONCLUSIONS: The patients' preference for CL could be due to the administration of sedatives prior to the procedure. A procedure such as the CL which initially may result unpleasant for the patient is tolerated much better as a result of the sedation. In both tests, the preparations prior to the procedures are perceived as unpleasant. We will think about how to improve patients' tolerance to these preparations, maybe by giving more information as patients, because we don't know often how to do it properly, which could magnify this unpleasant perception.

Acute exercise increases plasma total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities in untrained men.

Antioxidant defences are essential for cellular redox regulation. Since free-radical production may be enhanced by physical activity, herein, we evaluated the effect of acute exercise on total antioxidant status (TAS) and the plasma activities of catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and its possible relation to oxidative stress resulting from exercise. Healthy untrained male subjects (n = 34) performed three cycloergometric tests, including maximal and submaximal episodes. Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after each different exercise. TAS and enzyme activities were assessed by spectrophotometry. An increase of the antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma was detected after both maximal and submaximal exercise periods. Moreover, under our experimental conditions, exercise also led to an augmentation of TAS levels. These findings are consistent with the idea that acute exercise may play a beneficial role because of its ability to increase antioxidant defense mechanisms through a redox sensitive pathway.

Erythrocyte membrane fluidity and indices of plasmatic oxidative damage after acute physical exercise in humans.

Optimal levels of membrane fluidity are essential for numerous cell functions including cell growth, solute transport and signal transduction. Since exercise enhances free radical production, our aim was to evaluate in healthy male subjects the effects of an acute bout of maximal and submaximal exercise on the erythrocyte membrane fluidity and its possible relation to the oxidative damage overproduction due to exercise. Subjects (n = 34) performed three cycloergometric tests: a continuous progressive exercise, a strenuous exercise until exhaustion and an acute bout of exercise at an intensity corresponding to 70% of maximal work capacity for 30 min. Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after these exercises. Erythrocyte membrane fluidity was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) concentrations and carbonyl content of plasmatic proteins were used as an index of lipid and protein oxidation, respectively. Exercise produced a dramatic drop in the erythrocyte membrane fluidity as compared to resting time, but this was not accompanied by significant changes in the plasmatic MDA and 4-HDA concentrations. The highest erythrocyte membrane rigidity was detected immediately after strenuous exercise until exhaustion was performed. Protein carbonyl levels were higher after exhaustive exercises than at rest. Continuous progressive and strenuous exercises until exhaustion, but not submaximal workload, resulted in a significant enhanced accumulation of carbonylated proteins in the plasma. These findings are consistent with the idea that exercise exaggerates oxidative damage, which may contribute, at least partially, to explain the rigidity in the membrane of the erythrocytes due to acute exercise.

Habilidades sociales en los profesionales de urgencias y cuidados críticos de un hospital público comarcal / Social skills in emergency and critical care professionals of a regional public hospital

Objetivo Determinar las habilidades sociales del personal sanitario de la Unidad de Urgencias y Cuidados Críticos del Hospital Comarcal «Vega Baja», y analizar la existencia de la asociación entre una serie de variables sociodemográficas y profesionales y las habilidades sociales. Diseño Estudio descriptivo transversal. Método Se emplearon dos instrumentos de evaluación: un cuestionario de variables sociodemográficas y profesionales, y la escala de habilidades sociales (EHS) de Elena Gismero. Resultados Se obtiene una tasa de respuesta del 82,6%. Teniendo en cuenta los baremos realizados por la autora en la validación de la EHS, podemos observar que la muestra obtiene una puntuación media-alta en cada una de las dimensiones. Se encuentran diferencias significativas al considerar como variable independiente la variable sociodemográfica sexo con la puntuación total de la EHS (F=6,555; p=0,013) y con las dimensiones de la escala autoexpresión en situaciones sociales (F=4,468; p=0,039) y hacer peticiones (F=7,982; p=0,007). Conclusiones En cada una de las dimensiones de la EHS la muestra obtiene una puntuación media ligeramente superior a la de la muestra de baremación y que se situaría en torno al percentil 50–69, indicando la presencia de un nivel medio-alto de la habilidad social. Puntúan más alto los médicos que las enfermeras, aunque estas diferencias no son estadísticamente significativas (AU)

Objective To assess the social skills of health care professionals in the emergency and critical care units of the regional hospital Vega Baja and analyze the association between a series of sociodemographic and professionals variables and social skills. Aim A cross-sectional, descriptive study.Method Two evaluation tools were used. These included a sociodemographic and professional variables questionnaire, and the Elena Gismero's Social Skills Scale (SSS).Results A response rate of 82.6% was obtained. Considering the standards made by the author in SSS validation, it can be seen that the sample has obtained a medium-high score in each one of the aspects. Significant differences have been found when considering the sociodemographic variable gender as an independent variable with the complete score of SSS (F=6.555; p=0.013), and with the scale dimensions, self-expression in social situations (F=4.468; p=0.039) and making a demand (F=7.982; p=0.007). Conclusions In each one of the SSS dimensions, the sample has obtained a slightly higher score than the standard sample and it within the 50–69 percentile. This indicates the existence of a medium-high level of Social Skill. The doctors score higher than the nurses, although these differences are not statistically significant (AU)

[Social skills in emergency and critical care professionals of a regional public hospital]. / Habilidades sociales en los profesionales de urgencias y cuidados críticos de un hospital público comarcal.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the social skills of health care professionals in the emergency and critical care units of the regional hospital Vega Baja and analyze the association between a series of sociodemographic and professionals variables and social skills. AIM: A cross-sectional, descriptive study. METHOD: Two evaluation tools were used. These included a sociodemographic and professional variables questionnaire, and the Elena Gismero's Social Skills Scale (SSS). RESULTS: A response rate of 82.6% was obtained. Considering the standards made by the author in SSS validation, it can be seen that the sample has obtained a medium-high score in each one of the aspects. Significant differences have been found when considering the sociodemographic variable gender as an independent variable with the complete score of SSS (F=6.555; p=0.013), and with the scale dimensions, self-expression in social situations (F=4.468; p=0.039) and making a demand (F=7.982; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In each one of the SSS dimensions, the sample has obtained a slightly higher score than the standard sample and it within the 50-69 percentile. This indicates the existence of a medium-high level of Social Skill. The doctors score higher than the nurses, although these differences are not statistically significant.

Efecto protector de la melatonina frente a la toxicidad de la mitomicina C / No disponible

No disponible

Molecular cytogenetics and allotetraploidy in the red vizcacha rat, Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia, Octodontidae).

The theoretical impossibility of polyploidy in mammals was overturned by the discovery of tetraploidy in the red vizcacha rat, Tympanoctomys barrerae (2n = 102). As a consequence of genome duplication, remarkably increased cell dimensions are observed in the spermatozoa and in different somatic cell lines of this species. Locus duplication had been previously demonstrated by in situ PCR and Southern blot analysis of single-copy genes. Here, we corroborate duplication of loci in multiple-copy (major rDNAs) and single-copy (Hoxc8) genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We also demonstrate that nucleolar dominance, a large-scale epigenetic silencing phenomenon characteristic of allopolyploids, explains the presence of only one Ag-NOR chromosome pair in T. barrerae. Nucleolar dominance, together with the chromosomal heteromorphism detected in the G-banding pattern and synaptonemal complexes of the species' diploid-like meiosis, consistently indicates allotetraploidy. Allotetraploidization can coherently explain the peculiarities of gene silencing, cell dimensions, and karyotypic features of T. barrerae that remain unexplained by assuming diploidy and a large genome size attained by the dispersion of repetitive sequences.

Invaginación intestinal en el adulto / Intussusception in adults

La invaginación intestinal es una causa poco frecuente de dolor abdominal en adultos. Ocurre en menos del 1% de obstrucción intestinal de delgado. En adultos la mayoría de los casos son el resultado de una lesión intestinal; la invaginación idiopática es extremadamente rara. Presentamos un caso de obstrucción intestinal diagnosticado mediante tomografía computadorizada de invaginación de intestino delgado secundaria a un tumor. Se discute la etiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la invaginación intestinal del adulto (AU)

Intussusception is a rare cause of abdominal pain in adults. It occurs in less than 1% of all cases of adult small bowel obstruction. In adult population, most cases are the result of some type of intestinal lesion; idiopathic intussusceptions are an extremely rare occurrence in adults. This report describes one case of intestinal obstruction caused by an intussusception diagnosed by computed tomography(CT) scan. This report discusses the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of adult intususcepción (AU)