A case of permanent vision loss due to a carotidcavernous fistula: importance of early diagnosis / Relato de caso de perda visual secundária a fístuda carótido-cavernosa: a importância de um diagnóstico adequado

ABSTRACT A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss.

RESUMO O objetivo deste relato é apresentar o caso de uma paciente de 97 anos com início agudo e espontâneo de hiperemia e edema palpebral. Estes sinais não levaram a uma suspeita diagnóstica de fístula carótido-cavernosa até um segundo momento, quando a paciente apresentou progressão importante do quadro clínico. Apesar da realização de tratamento efetivo com embolização da fístula, a paciente manteve alterações oculares como edema de córnea, coágulos e turvação no humor aquoso, e manteve perda visual definitiva.

A case of permanent vision loss due to a carotidcavernous fistula: importance of early diagnosis.

A 97-year-old female presented with spontaneous acute-onset palpebral hyperemia and edema of the right eye that had progressively worsen over the previous three days. These signs did not suggest possible carotid-cavernous fistula until a second examination 72 h later, during which the patient exhibited significant progression. Despite embolization, the patient exhibited sustained corneal edema, clots, and turbidity in the aqueous humor, which resulted in permanent visual loss. A greater level of clinical suspicion for possible carotid-cavernous fistula is warranted on initial presentation of palpebral hyperemia and edema to prevent possible irreversible vision loss.

Endophthalmitis: a rare but devastating metastatic bacterial complication of hemodialysis catheter-related sepsis.

There are many infectious complications related to vascular access in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. We report two cases of endophthalmitis as a metastatic infection associated with a tunneled catheter and a temporary dual lumen catheter. Both patients were diabetic. A 61-year-old female on maintenance hemodialysis by a jugular tunnelized catheter during the past year was receiving parenteral antibiotics for catheter salvage due to fever episodes in the last 3 months. She was admitted to the hospital presenting pain, proptosis, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal infiltrate, and visual acuity of no light perception (NLP). A 51-year-old male recently undergoing hemodialysis by a temporary dual lumen catheter presented fever. His catheter was removed, but he was admitted to the hospital presenting fever, decreased vision, edema, and pain in his left eye. On examination, eyelid edema, conjunctival hyperemia, purulent secretion, hypopyon in the pupils, and visual acuity of NLP were verified. A diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis was made in both patients on clinical grounds and computed tomography. Evisceration of the left eye was the first option of treatment for both patients due to poor vision. Cultures of the eviscerated ocular globes showed Staphylococcus hemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. After evisceration, both patients received treatment, had a good outcome, and were discharged to continue their hemodialysis program. Metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis is a rare complication of dialysis catheter-related bacteremia. When suspected, urgent ophthalmologic evaluation and treatment are needed to reduce the risk of losing vision in the affected eye.

[A clinical and epidemiological profile of ocular emergencies in a reference emergency center]. / Perfil clínico e epidemiológico das urgências oculares em pronto-socorro de referência.

PURPOSE: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of eye injuries in a reference emergency center. METHODS: The study had two surveys: in the first (A) victims of ocular trauma where 1,483 patients admitted along 2003 had their epidemiological data analyzed and the second (B), where 133 patients had clinical aspects and risk and protective factors analyzed by a standard questionnaire between May and June 2004. RESULTS: In survey A, most patients were males (1,314 or 89%). Ocular surface foreign body was the most frequent occurrence with 863 (58%) cases. In survey B it was shown that ocular protection was used only by 17% (22) patients. The accidents occurred more frequently at the workplace 70% (93), followed by the home (22%). In survey B, 34% of the patients had previous accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of patients victims of ocular trauma shows that there is a higher frequency of males and accidents involving cornea foreign body. The use of protective glasses is incipient and recurrence of this lesion is considerable. A preventive and educational strategy among the population with special focus on workplaces and homes is necessary to reduce ocular trauma occurrence.

Perfil clínico e epidemiológico das urgências oculares em pronto-socorro de referência / A clinical and epidemiological profile of ocular emergences in a reference emergency center

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos dos traumas oculares num pronto-socorro de referência. MÉTODOS: O estudo teve dois grupos distintos de indivíduos: no primeiro (A) composto por vítimas de trauma ocular, em que 1.483 pacientes atendidos consecutivamente ao longo de 2003 tiveram os dados epidemiológicos analisados, e o segundo (B), em que 133 pacientes tiveram aspectos clínicos e fatores de risco e de proteção analisados consecutivamente por meio de questionário padrão, de 17 de maio a 28 de junho de 2004. RESULTADOS: No levantamento A, a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (1.314 ou 89 por cento). Os traumas por corpos estranhos (CE) da superfície ocular foram os mais comuns, respondendo por 863 (58 por cento) casos. O levantamento B mostrou que a proteção ocular foi usada em apenas 17 por cento (22) dos pacientes. Os acidentes geralmente ocorreram no local de trabalho 70 por cento (93), e o domicílio foi o segundo local de maior freqüência (22 por cento). Ainda no levantamento B, 34 por cento dos entrevistados tinham acidentes oculares prévios. CONCLUSÕES: O perfil dos pacientes vítimas de trauma ocular no presente estudo observou a maior ocorrência entre homens e de acidentes por corpos estranhos. O uso de proteção ocular ainda é incipiente e, por outro lado, a recorrência de trauma é considerável. Uma estratégia contínua junto à população, de forma preventiva e educativa com especial atenção ao ambiente de trabalho e doméstico, é necessária para reduzir a ocorrência de trauma ocular.

PURPOSE: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of eye injuries in a reference emergency center. METHODS: The study had two surveys: in the first (A) victims of ocular trauma where 1,483 patients admitted along 2003 had their epidemiological data analyzed and the second (B), where 133 patients had clinical aspects and risk and protective factors analyzed by a standard questionnaire between May and June 2004. RESULTS: In survey A, most patients were males (1,314 or 89 percent). Ocular surface foreign body was the most frequent occurrence with 863 (58 percent) cases. In survey B it was shown that ocular protection was used only by 17 percent (22) patients. The accidents occurred more frequently at the workplace 70 percent (93), followed by the home (22 percent). In survey B, 34 percent of the patients had previous accidents. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of patients victims of ocular trauma shows that there is a higher frequency of males and accidents involving cornea foreign body. The use of protective glasses is incipient and recurrence of this lesion is considerable. A preventive and educational strategy among the population with special focus on workplaces and homes is necessary to reduce ocular trauma occurrence.