Systemic inequalities for LGBTQ professionals in STEM.

Researchers have documented race and gender inequality in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for decades. Do lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) professionals face parallel experiences of disadvantage in STEM? Using representative survey data from 21 STEM professional societies (N sample = 25,324; N LGBTQ = 1006), this paper presents multidimensional and methodologically robust documentation of 5 dimensions of LGBTQ inequality in STEM. Controlling for variation by demographic, discipline, and job factors, LGBTQ STEM professionals were more likely to experience career limitations, harassment, and professional devaluation than their non-LGBTQ peers. They also reported more frequent health difficulties and were more likely to intend to leave STEM. These trends were similar across STEM disciplines and employment sectors. We found no differences by LGBTQ status in education level, work effort, or job commitment. These findings reveal LGBTQ status as a clear axis of inequality in STEM and motivate further research into the mechanisms producing such outcomes.

[Ultrasonographic hysterosalpingography]. / Ultrazvuková hysterosalpingografie.

The objective of the investigation was to compare US hysterosalpingography with methods currently used to examine tubal patency, i.e. hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy with chromoperturbation. The examination was made in 39 women with the diagnosis of primary or secondary sterility. Consistent with data in the literature, the authors proved a high concordance (86.8%) with reference methods. US HSG is an ambulatory minimally-invasive method of examination of the uterine cavity and patency of the oviducts, which is well tolerated by patients.

[Hormonal treatment of non-malignant diseases of the breast]. / Hormonální lécba nezhoubných onemocnení mlécné zlázy.

The authors summarize possibilities of hormonal treatment of non-malignant diseases of the mammary gland. Attention is paid in particular to progestins (progesterone, derivatives of hydroxyprogesterone, derivatives of 19 nor-testosterone), their combination with estrogens (hormonal contraceptives, minipills) and hormonal substitution therapy, methods of chemoprevention of mammary cancer. In conjunction with the subject the authors mention also the possibility to use some other preparations (Danazol, Gonadotropin releasing hormones, tamoxifen etc.). The authors submit their own pattern of hormonal treatment of non-malignant diseases of the mammary gland.

[Pregnancy and labor in women with mitral valve prolapse]. / Tehotenství a porod u zen s prolapsem mitrální chlopne.

In a prospective study the authors investigated 30 pregnant women (mean age 27 +/- 5.5 years) with prolapse of the mitral valve confirmed on echocardiography, without significant mitral regurgitation, in order to assess whether mitral valve prolapse is a risk factor for the development of complications during gestation and childbirth. As control served a group of 30 healthy pregnant women of corresponding age and number of previous pregnancies, incidence of complications during pregnancy, the type of delivery, sex, length, weight and maturity of the neonates. In women with mitral valve prolapse the authors recorded a significantly higher incidence of subjective complaints such as palpitations associated in 7 of 8 cases with sinus tachycardia 110-140/min. at rest and with vasovagal syncopes. The palpitations were always favourably influenced by beta-blocker therapy or by calcium antagonists. Mitral valve prolapse without haemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation during pregnancy is not a significant risk factor for the development of complications.