Banco de donantes voluntarios de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Proyecto Panama Dono

Introducción; El Trasplante de Células Progenitoras Hematopoyéticas es actualmente un tratamiento para diferentes desordenes hematológicos malignos y no malignos, que se efectúa cuando existe un receptor con un donante idéntico o haploidéntico para los genes del Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad. En ausencia de donante familiar compatible, hemos creado el Programa de Donantes Voluntarios con tipificación del Sistema HLA. que han expresado su consentimiento de ser donantes y comparten los alelos del Sistema de linfocitos humanos codificados en el brazo corto del cromosoma seis. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio es un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal que presenta los resultados de la búsqueda de donantes voluntarios para receptores sin donante familiar en el Programa Panamá Dono y su aplicación en Panamá. Resultado: De los grupos familiares estudiados que incluye receptor y donantes familiares, un total de 783 personas estudiadas aceptaron voluntariamente ser donantes no relacionados y sus tipificaciones HLA incorporadas al Programa Panamá Dono. Un total de 321 pacientes sin donante idéntico o haploidentico en su grupo familiar, se les ha buscado donante no relacionado en el Programa y se logró Trasplantar el primer receptor con un donante voluntario compatible en 16 genes del Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad en el Hospital del Niño. Conclusión: El Laboratorio Nacional de Trasplante de la Caja de Seguro Social ha logrado crear el Programa de Donantes Voluntarios de Células Progenitoras Hematopoyéticas denominado PANAMA DONO, que consta de 788 panameños que han expresado su consentimiento. En la actualidad una paciente del Hospital del Niño fue trasplantada en 2022 con esta modalidad de donante compatible no relacionado. La compatibilidad idéntica de la receptora con el donante voluntario fue de 16 alelos idénticos del Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Introduction: Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplantation is currently a treatment for different malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders, which is performed when there is a recipient with an identical or haploidentical donor for the genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. In the absence of a compatible family donor, we have created the Volunteer Donor Program with HLA System typing, who have expressed their consent to be donors and share the alleles of the human lymphocyte system encoded on the short arm of chromosome six. Materials and methods: The present study is a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study that presents the results of the search for volunteer donors for recipients without a family donor in the Panama Dono Program and its application in Panama. Results: Of the family groups studied, which included recipients and family donors, a total of 783 persons studied voluntarily accepted to be unrelated donors and their HLA typing incorporated into the Panama Dono Program. A total of 321 patients without an identical or haploidentical donor in their family group have been searched for unrelated donors in the Program and the first recipient was transplanted with a voluntary donor compatible in 16 genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Hospital del Niño. Conclusion: The National Transplant Laboratory of the Social Security Fund has managed to create the Program of Voluntary Donors of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells called PANAMA DONO, which consists of 788 Panamanians who have expressed their consent. Currently a patient from the Hospital del Niño was transplanted in 2022 with this unrelated compatible donor modality. The identical compatibility of the recipient with the volunteer donor was 16 identical alleles of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. (provided by Infomedic International)

Hybrid photocathodes for solar fuel production: coupling molecular fuel-production catalysts with solid-state light harvesting and conversion technologies.

Artificial photosynthesis is described as the great scientific and moral challenge of our time. We imagine a future where a significant portion of our energy is supplied by such technologies. However, many scientific, engineering and policy challenges must be addressed for this realization. Scientific challenges include the development of effective strategies to couple light absorption, electron transfer and catalysis for efficient conversion of light energy to chemical energy as well as the construction and study of structurally diverse assemblies to carry out these processes. In this article, we review recent efforts from our own research to develop a modular approach to interfacing molecular fuel-production catalysts to visible-light-absorbing semiconductors and discuss the role of the interfacing material as a protection layer for the catalysts as well as the underpinning semiconductor. In concluding, we briefly discuss the potential benefits of a globally coordinated project on artificial photosynthesis that interfaces teams of scientists, engineers and policymakers. Further, we offer cautions that such a large interconnected organization should consider. This article is inspired by, and draws largely from, an invited presentation given by the corresponding author at the Royal Society at Chicheley Hall, home of the Kavli Royal Society International Centre, Buckinghamshire on the themed meeting topic: 'Do we need a global project on artificial photosynthesis?'

Energetics and efficiency analysis of a cobaloxime-modified semiconductor under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination.

We report on the energetics and efficiency of a p-type (100) gallium phosphide (GaP) semiconductor functionalized with molecular hydrogen production catalysts via polymer grafting. The catalysts belong to the cobaloxime class of compounds that have recently shown promise in electrocatalysis and solar-to-fuel applications. Attachment of the complex to a semiconductor surface allows direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements of performance. Under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination, the catalyst-modified photocathode yields a 0.92 mA cm(-2) current density when operating at the equilibrium potential for the hydrogen production half reaction. The open circuit photovoltage (VOC) is 0.72 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and the fill factor (FF) is 0.33 (a 258% increase compared to polymer-modified electrodes, without cobaloxime treatment). The external quantum efficiency (EQE), measured under a reverse bias of +0.17 vs. RHE, shows a maximum of 67% under 310 nm illumination. Product analysis of the head-space gas yields a lower limit on the Faradaic efficiency of 88%. In addition, the near linear photoresponse of the current density upon increasing illumination indicates that photocarrier transport to the interface can limit performance. These results give insights into the design of improved photocatalytic constructs with additional performance gains.

Using Molecular Design to Control the Performance of Hydrogen-Producing Polymer-Brush-Modified Photocathodes.

Attachment of difluoroborylcobaloxime catalysts to a polymer-brush-modified GaP semiconductor allows improved hydrogen production levels and photoelectrochemical performance under aqueous acidic conditions (pH = 4.5) as compared to the performance of electrodes without catalyst treatment. The catalytic assembly used in this work incorporates a boron difluoride (BF2) capping group on the glyoximate ligand of the catalyst, a synthetic modification previously used to enhance the stability of nonsurface-attached complexes toward acid hydrolysis and to shift the cobalt reduction potentials of the complex to less negative, and thus technologically more relevant, values. The pH-dependent photoresponses of the cobaloxime- and difluoroborylcobaloxime- modified semiconductors are shown to be consistent with those from analogous studies using non-surface-attached cobaloxime catalysts as well as catalysts supported on conductive electrodes. Thus, this work illustrates the potential to control and optimize the properties of visible-light-absorbing semiconductors using polymeric overcoating techniques coupled with the principles of synthetic molecular design.

The effect of axial ligand on the oxidation of syringyl alcohol by Co(salen) adducts.

Experimental work on the oxidation of the lignin model, syringyl alcohol, using oxygen and a Co(salen) catalyst has revealed variations in yield with different imidazole-based axial ligands. A reasonable linear relationship was found between product yield and pKa of the axial ligand. The current work, using density functional calculations, examined geometric, electronic, and energetic parameters to determine if additional quantitative relationships can be identified and used in subsequent catalyst design. Good relationships with yield were identified with the geometry of the salen ligand and the charge on the ligand nitrogen coordinated to the cobalt.

Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda en la población pediátrica panameña. Enero 2002-2008

Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de la LLA en nuestro país, su incidencia, prevalencia, letalidad, mortalidad, evolución y las complicaciones asociadas a esta patología en los pacientes diagnosticados en los hospitales pediátricos de Panamá. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, multicéntrico, de corte transversal, evaluándolos expedientes de los pacientes pediátricos a nivel nacional con diagnóstico de LLA entre enero de 2002 y marco de 2008. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes vivos o fallecidos con diagnóstico confirmado de LLA durante el periodo de estudio; se excluyeron los pacientes con expedientes perdidos o incompletos. Los resultados fueron almacenados y tabulados mediante el program EpiInfo 2000, versión 3.0. Resultados: Se encontró un total de 231 pacientes con diagnóstico de LLA en el periodo de 2002-2008. De los 231 pacientes obtuvimos un total de 171 expedientes clínicos, para un porcentaje de captación de 74%. De estos, cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para nuestro trabajo 163. La prevalencia en 6 años de la Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda en Panamá para el año 2007 fue de 12.4 casos por cada 100,000 habitantes en < 15 años de edad. La incidencia anual de LLA osciló entre 2.5 y 3.5 casos por cada 100, 000 habitantes > 15 años. El 76% de los pacientes se presentaron al momento del diagnóstico con síntomas constitucionales ( debilidad, pérdida de peso, palidez, etc), la fiebre también fue un síntoma cardinal (74.2%). La biometría hemática mostró que solo el 1% de los pacientes tenía rangos normales, la mayoría de los pacientes tenían alteraciones importantes de 2 o más series hemáticas. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según criterios establecidos en riesgo alto (58,9%), intermedio (3.1%) y bajo (3.8%) Un total de 39 fallecieron de los 163 pacientes del estudio, lo que constituye una letalidad del 23.9%. La causa de muerte atribuida a enfermedad activa fue de 69.2% y secundaria a infección del 28.2%. La leucemia linfoblástica aguda representó el 0.5% de todas las defunciones en < 15 años de edad ene este periodo de estudio. La sobrevida a los 5 años para los pacientes diagnosticados en los años 2002 y 2003 fue de 71.6%.

Objetives: Describing the ALL epidemiology in our country, its incidence , prevalence, lethality, mortality, evolution and the complications associated to this pathology in patients diagnosed in Panama´s pediatric hospitals. Material and methods: Descriptive, retrospective, multi centric, cross-cutting study, evaluating the pediatric patients files at the national level with ALL diagnoses between 2002 and March 2008. All live or deceased patients with confirmed ALL diagnoses during the study period were included; patients with lost or incomplete files were excluded. The results were stored and tabulated using the EpiInfo 2000 program, version 3.0 Results: We found a total of 231 patients with ALL diagnoses in the 2002-2008 period. Of the 231 patients we obtained total of 171 clinical files, for a 74% sampling percentage.Of the latter, 163 met our study´s inclusion criteria. The prevalence in six years of acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Panama for 2007 was 12.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants < 15 years old. The yearly incidence of ALL oscillated between 2.5 and 3.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants < 15 years old. At the time of diagnosis , 76% of the patients had constitutional symptoms (weakness, weight loss, paleness, etc) fever was also a cardinal symptom (74.2%). The blood count showed that only 1% of patients had normal ranges. The majority of patients had significant alterations of two or more hematological series. The patients were classified according to established criteria, at high risk ( 58.9%) , intermediate (3.1%) and low (38%) risk. A total of 39 died of the 163 patients studied, representing a fatality rate of 23.9% The cause of death attributed to active disease was 69.2% and secondary to infection of 28.2%. The acute lymphoblastic leukemia accounted for 0.5% of all deaths < 15 years of age in this study period. The five year survival for patients diagnosed in 2002 and 2003 was 71.6%

Evaluación nutricional del paciente pediátrico hospitalizado Hospital del Niño, Panamá, 1991 / Nutritional evaluation PF the hospitalizaed pediatric patient Hospital del Niño, Panamá, 1991

Hay un creciente interés por estudiar la desnutrición en el paciente hospitalizado y por precisar algunas de sus características fundamentales con el objetivo de diseñar planes de apoyo nutricional. El interés ha estado orientado a determinar la prevalencia de la desnutrición en el paciente internado, identificar a los pacientes que necesitan tratamiento nutricional y definir las características de un grupo de estudio. Evaluamos, en un corte transversal al ingreso, 378 niños de 1 mes a 15 años de edad hospitalizados en agosto septiembre de 1991. Fueron admitidos en 165,400 camas, (el 41.25 por ciento) del total disponibles en la institución). Se excluyeron pacientes quirúrgicos y de terapia intensiva. Una vez ingresados, eran pesados y medidos por los médicos residentes. Se calcularon las adecuaciones Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla y Talla/Edad en relación a los modelos del National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). La prevalencia de la malnutrición aguda Peso/Talla -< (90 por ciento) fue de (35.2 por ciento) (133/378) y la de malnutrición crónica (Talla/Edad -< 90 por ciento), (19.1 por ciento) 72/378. Un (8.7 por ciento) 33/378 se encontraba en zonas de mayor compromiso nutricional (Peso/Talla -< 80 por ciento). Se admitieron 59 pacientes con diagnóstico de Desnutrición Protéico-Calórica severa, de éstos 50 con el tipo Marasmo y 9 con el tipo Kwashiorkor. En el Hospital del Niño de Panamá se evidencia un alto porcentaje de sujetos con compromiso nutricional severo, lo que hace necesario la creación de un Programa de Nutrición Clínica para el seguimiento y control bajo medidas de apoyo nutricional