ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: Las vacunas contra la COVID-19 estimulan procesos inmunitarios que permiten mitigar el SARS-CoV-2, que afectó a gran parte de la población. Las investigaciones de las reacciones adversas presentadas por las vacunas de la COVID-19 deben ser continuas, ya que en la actualidad no existe información suficiente sobre sus consecuencias. Objetivo: Determinar las posibles reacciones adversas en adultos jóvenes y mayores pertenecientes al Recinto Umpechico inoculados contra el SARS-CoV-2 en Santo Domingo, durante el transcurso de 2021. Método: Se elaboró un estudio descriptivo en una población de 600 moradores de dicha localidad inoculados contra el SARS-CoV-2. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia cuya muestra fue de 235 habitantes. Las variables del estudio fueron: reacciones adversas de las vacunas contra la COVID-19, nombre de la vacuna recibida, número de dosis, intensidad y tiempo de duración de los síntomas, medicamentos utilizados para mitigar dichas reacciones adversas. Resultados: El 31,5 % de los encuestados que presentaron síntomas fueron de género masculino. La vacuna más aplicada fue Pfizer con 47,65 %, con un porcentaje de síntomas del 29,36 %. La reacción adversa más presentada fue dolor de brazo con un 31,98 %, con duración de dos a tres días equivalentes al 48,96 %; el 62,65 % usó paracetamol y el 20,5 % baños de agua fría para disminuir los síntomas. Conclusiones: Las vacunas fabricadas por las distintas casas farmacéuticas provocan reacciones adversas que van desde leves a graves, manifestándose a cualquier edad y a un corto o a largo plazo de duración, las cuales en la mayoría de los casos son fácilmente tratadas con medicamentos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos.
ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 vaccines stimulate immune processes that allow SARS-CoV-2, which affected a large part of the population, to be mitigated. The research on the adverse reactions presented by the COVID-19 vaccines must be continuous, since at present there is not enough information on their consequences. Objective: To determine the possible adverse reactions in young and older adults belonging to the Recinto Umpechico, inoculated against SARS-CoV-2 in Santo Domingo, during 2021. Method: A descriptive study was carried out in a population of 600 residents of said locality, inoculated against SARS-CoV-2. Non-probability convenience sampling was used, with a sample of 235 inhabitants. The study variables were: adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, name of the vaccine received, number of doses, intensity and duration of symptoms, medications used to mitigate said adverse reactions. Results: 31.5% of the respondents who presented symptoms were male. The most common vaccine was Pfizer with 47.65%, with a percentage of symptoms of 29.36%. The most common adverse reaction was arm pain with 31.98%, lasting two to three days, equivalent to 48.96%; 62.65% used paracetamol and 20.5% used cold water baths to reduce symptoms. Conclusions: The vaccines manufactured by the different pharmaceutical companies cause adverse reactions that range from mild to severe, manifesting at any age and for a short or long term, which in most cases are easily treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological medications.
RESUMO Introdução: As vacinas COVID-19 estimulam processos imunológicos que permitem mitigar o SARS-CoV-2, que afetou grande parte da população. As investigações das reações adversas apresentadas pelas vacinas COVID-19 devem ser contínuas, pois atualmente não há informações suficientes sobre suas consequências. Objetivo: Determinar as possíveis reações adversas em adultos jovens e idosos pertencentes ao Campus Umpechico inoculados contra SARS-CoV-2, em Santo Domingo, durante o ano de 2021. Método: Estudo descritivo realizado em uma população de 600 moradores da referida localidade inoculada contra SARS-CoV-2. Foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística de conveniência, cuja amostra foi de 235 habitantes. As variáveis do estudo foram: reações adversas das vacinas COVID-19, nome da vacina recebida, número de doses, intensidade e duração dos sintomas, medicamentos utilizados para mitigar tais reações adversas. Resultados: 31,5% dos entrevistados que apresentaram sintomas eram do sexo masculino. A vacina mais aplicada foi a Pfizer com 47,65%, com percentual de sintomas de 29,36%. A reação adversa mais comum foi dor no braço com 31,98%, com duração de dois a três dias, equivalente a 48,96%; 62,65% usaram paracetamol e 20,5% usaram banhos de água fria para reduzir os síntomas. Conclusões: As vacinas fabricadas pelas diferentes empresas farmacêuticas causam reações adversas que variam de leves a graves, manifestando-se em qualquer idade e de curto ou longo prazo, que na maioria dos casos são facilmente tratadas com medicamentos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A dispensing error can be defined as an inconsistency between the drug prescribed and drug dispensed to a patient. These errors can lead to ineffective and sometimes unwanted pharmaceutical outcomes. Dispensing errors can be harmful or even fatal to patients. CASE PRESENTATION: The objective to this study was (a) to determine the types and frequency of dispensing errors at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex (EWMSC), (b) to explore the reasons for the occurrence of dispensing errors, and (c) to make suitable recommendations for their prevention. An observational study for a period of 2 weeks was carried out at various in- and outpatient departments of the EWMSC. The observations were carried out during 7:00 am to 3:00 pm. Dispensing errors identified during this period were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-eight errors were identified in the adult outpatient pharmacy of the EWMSC; 19 errors in the pediatric outpatient pharmacy, whereas 22 errors were found in inpatient pharmacy. The most common plausible causes for the dispensing errors include high workload, failure to verify patient information, incorrect data in the pharmacy's record system, inadequate notes made by pharmacists during prior patient visit, and in a few cases, uncomfortable working conditions. CONCLUSION: Dispensing errors were encountered in 2.1% of all the prescriptions filled at the EWMSC pharmacies. The factors which influenced these dispensing errors include but are not limited to a heavy workload, distractions, failure to verify patient information, and uncomfortable working conditions.
