ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the acute effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on testicular germ cell apoptosis and the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), and Johnson's scores in testicular tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve male pigs weighing 52 to 55 kg were divided into 2 groups as group 1 (n = 6; gasless [control]) and group 2 (n = 6; 20 mm Hg IAP with CO(2) pneumoperitoneum for 4 hours). In the second group, left laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed during the CO(2) insufflation period. The right testes of pigs were removed. Testicular germ cell apoptosis, expressions of eNOS and iNOS, and Johnson's scores were evaluated for each group. RESULTS: The control group (group 1) exhibited low apoptotic cell level and low iNOS and eNOS level in testes. IAP (group 2) resulted in marked increases in germ cell apoptosis, eNOS, and iNOS compared with the control group (group 1) (P <.05). However, no significant difference was noted in Johnson's scores between the 2 groups (P >.05). Moreover, Leydig cell hyperplasia, congestion, and necrosis, which were not documented in the control group, were seen in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether IAP could affect germ cell apoptosis and NOS concentrations in the testes after laparoscopic procedures in an animal model. In such an animal model simulating laparoscopic procedures, we demonstrated that high-pressure and long-lasting CO(2) insufflation cause testicular changes in the acute period.
Subject(s)
Abdomen , Ischemia/etiology , Laparoscopy , Pressure/adverse effects , Testis/blood supply , Animals , Ischemia/pathology , Male , Swine , Testis/pathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of vardenafil HCl on testicular germ cell apoptosis and the expressions of iNOS and eNOS within the bilateral testes after unilateral torsion/detorsion (T/D) in a pig model. METHODS: 12 male pigs weighing 50-55 kg were divided randomly into three groups (n = 4). Sham operation and T/D was performed in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group 3 underwent T/D and received vardenafil (0.4 mg/kg) orally 45 min before detorsion. The testes were left in torsion for 2 h. In all groups, both testes were removed 8 h after the operation for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Except for group 1, the histopathologic parameters of the ipsilateral testes were higher than in the contralateral testes, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) (group 2) resulted in marked increases in germ cell apoptosis, iNOS and eNOS in the ischemic testes compared to the sham-operated group. The pigs treated with vardenafil (group 3) also showed significantly increased apoptotic cells, iNOS and eNOS levels compared to the sham-operated group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that vardenafil HCl worsened histopathological changes related to oxidative stress in testicular injury and had no protective effect on testicular I/R injury in pigs.
Subject(s)
Imidazoles/pharmacology , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/pharmacology , Piperazines/pharmacology , Spermatic Cord Torsion/drug therapy , Animals , Apoptosis , Germ Cells/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Random Allocation , Reperfusion Injury , Sulfones/pharmacology , Swine , Triazines/pharmacology , Vardenafil DihydrochlorideABSTRACT
A newly synthesized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-3-thienylmethylmethacrylate) [poly(GMA-co-MTM)] was designed to fabricate various HRP electrodes for detection of phenol derivatives. The results showed that the poly(GMA-co-MTM)/polypyrrole composite film microarchitecture provided a good electroactivity as a result of pyrrole and thiophene interaction, and provided chemical bonds for enzyme immobilization via the epoxy groups of poly(GMA-co-MTM). The glassy carbon-based working electrode displayed significantly higher performance for the same composite film configuration comparing to the gold-based working electrode. Poly(GMA-co-MTM)/polypyrrole/HRP coated glassy carbon electrode exhibited a fast response less than 3s, a high sensitivity (200 nA microM(-1)for hydroquinone), a good operational stability (%RSD values ranged between 2 and 5.1 for all phenolics), a long-term stability (retained about 80% of initial activity at the end of 40th day) and a low detection limit ranging between 0.13 and 1.87 microM for the tested.
Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/methods , Methylmethacrylates/chemical synthesis , Phenol/analysis , Polymers/chemical synthesis , Amines/chemistry , Calibration , Electrodes , Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism , Epoxy Compounds/chemistry , Horseradish Peroxidase/chemistry , Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism , Limit of Detection , Linear Models , Methylmethacrylates/chemistry , Polymers/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Myoepitheliomas of salivary glands are generally encapsulated, slowly growing asymptomic solid masses in which more than 50% are seen in the parotid gland. Cystic myoepitheliomas are very rare. CASE REPORT: We present an 80-year-old man with a cystic mass in the right parotid gland that had undergone superficial parotidectomy. In gross examination, a mass containing a large cyst was observed. Microscopically, tumor consisted of clear cells and small cuboidal cells, forming tubules in a hyalinized stroma. Immunohistochemically, clear cells were immunoreactive for S100 and smooth muscle actin. Cuboidal cells were positive for cytokeratin. Diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria were discussed under the light of the current literature.
