ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze the effects of ingesting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on physical performance, muscle strength, and muscle damage in three different moments: immediately, 24 and 48 h after resistance exercise practice. METHODS: Relevant studies were researched in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) in April 2023. After excluding duplicates, the decision to include or exclude studies was made by two independent investigators in the following steps: (I) the study title; (II) the study abstract; and (III) the complete study manuscript. The following characteristics were recorded: (I) first author, (II) year of publication, (III) sample size, (IV) method of NSAIDs administration, (V) exercise protocol, and (VI) analyzed variable results. The studies selected were divided into trials that evaluated the effects of NSAIDs ingestion on performance indices of resistance exercise, endurance exercise and resistance training. RESULTS: The meta-analysis, based only on resistance exercises, revealed that both performance and muscle strength were similar between placebo or NSAID treatment immediately and 24 h after resistance exercise practice. An ergolytic effect was found 48 hours after resistance exercise (mean effect size (ES) = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.12; p = 0.132), as well as reduced muscle strength (ES = -0.50; 95% CI: -0.83, -0.16; p = 0.072). Additionally, NSAID use did not prevent muscle waste as seen by the unchanged CK plasma concentration at all timetables. CONCLUSION: The data of the present meta-analysis indicate that NSAID use is ineffective in improving resistance performance and muscle strength, as well as exercise recovery. When considering the practical application of using NSAIDs to improve exercise capacity and strength gains, the present data supports that consumption of analgesic drugs as an endurance performance enhancer or as a muscle anabolic must not be recommended.
ABSTRACT
Neuroglucopenia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) activates hypothalamic glucoreceptors leading to increased hepatic glucose production and insulin inhibition. This response is similar to what is observed with intravenous injection of angiotensin II (Ang II). However, the involvement of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on neuroglucopenia has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic enalapril treatment on plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels in response to neuroglucopenia. Male Holtzman rats (120-170 g) were chronically treated with enalapril (10 mg/kg per day) in the drinking water for two weeks. On the day of experiment the animals received an i.v. enalapril final dose one hour before the neuroglucopenic stress by 2DG infusion (500 mg/kg), and blood samples were drawn before and 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes following infusion. The hyperglycaemic response to 2DG was not significantly changed by enalapril treatment. The enalapril-treated group exhibited a peak of plasma insulin higher than controls. Plasma triglyceride showed a significant increase only in the enalapril group after neuroglucopenic stress (p < 0.05).These data show that chronic enalapril treatment changes insulin and triglyceride responses to neuroglucopenia, suggesting an effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion and the storage of triglycerides.
