Case Report: Cranial Tuberculosis in a Patient without Tuberculosis Foci Elsewhere in the Body.

Cranial tuberculosis is a relatively infrequent inflammatory reaction caused by tuberculous bacilli invading the skull. Most cases of cranial tuberculosis are secondary to tuberculosis foci in other parts of the body; primary cranial tuberculosis is extremely rare. Herein, we report a case of primary cranial tuberculosis. A 50-year-old man presented to our hospital with a mass in the right frontotemporal region. Chest computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography findings were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a mass in the right frontotemporal skull and scalp with cystic changes, adjacent bone destruction, and meningeal invasion. The patient underwent surgery and was diagnosed with primary cranial tuberculosis; he was treated with antitubercular therapy postoperatively. No recurrent masses or abscesses were observed during the follow-up.

The therapeutic effect of an autologous and allogenic mixed glioma cell lysate vaccine in a rat model.

PURPOSE: Tumor immunotherapy has the advantages of high specificity, minimal damage to the patient's body, and a long-lasting anti-tumor effect. However, due to the existence of immune escape phenomenon, the effect of anti-tumor immunotherapy is still poor. Therefore, a cancer vaccine that reverses tumor-associated immunosuppression is a very promising approach for research and treatment. METHODS: Vaccines were prepared using autologous and allogeneic tumor cells and their lysates to syngeneic tumor cell lysates as immunogens. The glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis and the secretion level of MCP-2, IFN-γ were detected to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment against glioma in vitro. In addition, a rat glioma model was established to investigate the anti-tumor effect in vivo, and evaluated its efficacy by observing the changes of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, NK cells, and the level of IL-2 and IL-10 in peripheral blood before and after treatment. RESULTS: The C6 + 9L glioma cell lysate vaccine (C6 + 9L-CL) not only inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells and promoted their apoptosis in vitro, but also significantly inhibited the tumor growth in vivo and improved the survival time of rats. In addition, the C6 + 9L-CL vaccine enhanced the anti-tumor immune response by promoting the secretion of T cell chemokines MCP-2, IFN-γ and IL-2, and by stimulating the proliferation of T cells and NK cells in peripheral blood and glioma tissues. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of molecular mimic vaccines on glioma and provided a theoretical basis for molecular mimic hybrid vaccines as a potential therapeutic approach.

Elevated RECQL1 expression predicts poor prognosis and associates with tumor immune infiltration in low-grade glioma.

Background: Dysregulation of RecQ protein-like 1 (RECQL1), a member of the RecQ DNA helicase, has been determined to participate in malignant process of numerous tumors such as immunosuppression and proliferation and may serve as a biomarker for certain malignancies. Nevertheless, whether there is a similar association between RECQL1 and low-grade glioma (LGG) is uncertain. We therefore turned our attention to exploring the association of RECQL1 with tumor immune infiltration and prognostic significance in LGG. Methods: The differential expression analysis of the RecQ DNA helicases was conducted through the GLIOVIS database and GSE4290 dataset, and verified by the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 database. Kaplan-Meier plots, Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were employed to assess the prognostic value of RECQL1 expression level and other six variables in LGG patients, and subsequently an efficient nomogram model was generated for clinical prediction. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database and the single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to assess the correlation between RECQL1 and immune infiltration of LGG. The biological processes that may be related to RECQL1 in LGG were learned through functional enrichment analysis by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis software. Results: Among the five RecQ DNA helicases detected, only RECQL1 was over-expression in LGG with the most convincing evidence (log2FoldChange >1.5, q value <0.01). High RECQL1 expression demonstrated worse overall survival and progression-free survival of LGG patients (P<0.05). Dysregulation of RECQL1 was an independent prognostic indicator for outcomes of LGG (HR >1.4, P<0.05). RECQL1 may participates in the carcinogenic pathways of LGG such as adherens junction and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. The transcription expression level of RECQL1, was obviously associated with tumor immune infiltrating cells and their marker genes. Conclusions: High RECQL1 expression detected in LGG not only implies adverse clinical outcome of patients, but also correlates with tumor immune infiltration and certain oncogenic pathways. Our study proposes potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of LGG patients.