Prevalence of malnutrition and factors associated with the nutritional status of oncological patients / Prevalencia de la desnutrición y factores asociados con el estado nutricional de los pacientes oncológicos

Objective: The study aim was to identify the nutritional status and factors associated with possible nutritional changes of cancer patients undergoing antineoplastic treatment. Methodology: A cross-sectional study with cancer patients on chemotherapy treatment, of both sexes, aged 18 years or older, admitted between November 2016 and June 2017 at a university hospital in Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected from nutritional evaluation using the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), biochemical exams and patient records. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, and correlation and association tests were conducted, depending on the nature of each variable, considering a 95% confidence interval, and a P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty patients were evaluated, most of them were female (58.3%), adult individuals (51.7%), suffering from colon and rectal cancer (45%) and were enrolled in the first cycles of chemotherapy treatment (68%) with associated comorbidities (77%). The PG-SGA showed a prevalence of malnutrition (77%) in the sample, severe weight loss (40%), and a reduction in food consumption (41.7%) with gastrointestinal symptoms (75%), and changes on functional capacity (78%), concluding the need for critical nutritional intervention (70%). Biochemical parameters showed some reduction of serum albumin (56%) and total lymphocyte count (76%). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is important to well evaluate nutritional status and carry out a good nutritional intervention at the beginning and in the course of the treatment, allowing the recovery and maintenance of patient's nutritional status, contributing positively to the clinical outcome of these patients

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[Nutritional evaluation of postmenopausal women treated at a nutrition clinic in the north of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. / Avaliação nutricional de mulheres no climatério atendidas em ambulatório de nutrição no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

The menopause is the stage of a woman's life when the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive condition occurs. The objective was to conduct a nutritional assessment of 30 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65, by compiling data from the first consultation of nutritional records related to food intake, as well as anthropometric and biochemical data. It was observed that the average result found for body mass index was considered high, being characterized as overweight (30.7 ± 5.9kg/m2) and waist circumference revealed a very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease (98.2 ± 15.9cm). Saturated fats were above the recommended level (8.14 ± 3.63%), whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats were lower resulting in 6.47 ± 3.40% and 5.37 ± 2.60% respectively. The average calcium intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mg, while vitamin D intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mcg, both of which were considered inadequate. Triglycerides were classified as optimal (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), total cholesterol was borderline (223.9 ± 141.3md/dL), HDL-C adequate (54.3 ± 18.5mg/dL) and LDL-C desirable (128.4 ± 45.1mg/dL). The results demonstrate that nutritional care is important and can prevent specific comorbidities in this age group, contributing to the quality of life of menopausal women.

Avaliação nutricional de mulheres no climatério atendidas em ambulatório de nutrição no norte do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Nutritional evaluation of postmenopausal women treated at a nutrition clinic in the north of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

O climatério é a fase da vida da mulher em que ocorre a transição do período reprodutivo para o não reprodutivo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar a avaliação nutricional de 30 mulheres no climatério com idades entre 40 e 65 anos, compilando os dados da primeira consulta dos prontuários nutricionais referentes ao consumo alimentar, dados antropométricos e bioquímicos. Observou-se que o resultado médio encontrado para o Índice de Massa Corporal foi considerado elevado, caracterizando excesso de peso (30,7 ± 5,9kg/m2) e a circunferência da cintura apresentou risco muito alto para desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares (98,2 ± 15,9cm). As gorduras saturadas estiveram acima do preconizado (8,14 ± 3,63%), enquanto que as gorduras mono e poli-insaturada estiveram abaixo, resultando em 6,47 ± 3,40% e 5,37 ± 2,60%, respectivamente. O consumo médio de cálcio foi de 549,63 ± 315,87mg, já o de vitamina D, 549,63 ± 315,87mcg e ambos estiveram inadequados. Os triglicerídeos foram classificados como ótimos (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), o colesterol total limítrofe (223,9 ± 141,3md/dL), o HDL-C adequado (54,3 ± 18,5mg/dL) e o LDL-C desejável (128,4 ± 45,1mg/dL). Os resultados demonstram que o cuidado nutricional é importante, podendo prevenir comorbidades específicas desta faixa etária, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida das mulheres climatéricas.

The menopause is the stage of a woman's life when the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive condition occurs. The objective was to conduct a nutritional assessment of 30 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65, by compiling data from the first consultation of nutritional records related to food intake, as well as anthropometric and biochemical data. It was observed that the average result found for body mass index was considered high, being characterized as overweight (30.7 ± 5.9kg/m2) and waist circumference revealed a very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease (98.2 ± 15.9cm). Saturated fats were above the recommended level (8.14 ± 3.63%), whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats were lower resulting in 6.47 ± 3.40% and 5.37 ± 2.60% respectively. The average calcium intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mg, while vitamin D intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mcg, both of which were considered inadequate. Triglycerides were classified as optimal (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), total cholesterol was borderline (223.9 ± 141.3md/dL), HDL-C adequate (54.3 ± 18.5mg/dL) and LDL-C desirable (128.4 ± 45.1mg/dL). The results demonstrate that nutritional care is important and can prevent specific comorbidities in this age group, contributing to the quality of life of menopausal women.

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic transesterification of methyl benzoate and glycerol to 1-glyceryl benzoate in organic solvent.

The aim of this work is to report the enzymatic transesterification production of 1-glyceryl benzoate under ultrasound irradiation, using a commercial immobilized lipase, Novozym 435. Firstly, a preliminary evaluation was carried out at 2, 4 and 6h, at constant temperature of 50 °C, methyl benzoate to glycerol molar ratio of 1:1 and 5.5 wt% of enzyme concentration. After analyzing the results obtained, the experimental design technique was used to evaluate the effects of temperature, substrates molar ratio, enzyme concentration, solvent volume and ultrasonic power on the 1-glyceryl benzoate production. The highest conversion, around 16%, was obtained at 65 °C, 1:1 of methyl benzoate to glycerol molar ratio, 15 wt% of enzyme concentration, 7 mL of solvent and 40% ultrasonic power in 4h of reaction. A preliminary kinetic experiment carried out varying the enzyme concentration (15 and 20 wt%) keeping fixed the temperature at 35 °C, 1:1 of substrates molar ratio, 3 mL of solvent and 40% of maximum ultrasonic power led to lower (around 15% after 12 h of reaction) conversions compared to that achieved in the experimental design.

Avaliação de utilização de dietas da moda por pacientes de um ambulatório de especialidades em nutrição e suas implicações no metabolismo / Evaluation of the use of fad diets to patients at an outpatient specialty nutrition and its implications in metabolism

Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização de dietas da moda para emagrecimento por pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de especialidades em nutrição, no norte do RS. Materiais e métodos: Essa pesquisa foi um estudo transversal, com amostra composta por 40 pacientes que responderam um questionário anônimo, antes do início do atendimento nutricional agendado. Resultado: Entre os pacientes, 11 relataram ter realizado dietas da moda, todos do sexo feminino. A dieta da sopa foi a mais citada. A maioria dos pacientes considerou muito ruim o resultado alcançado. A maior parte assinalou que o tempo de peso reduzido foi muito curto ou curto. Entre os sintomas mencionados, os mais frequentes foram fraqueza, irritabilidade e tontura. Em relação às dietas consideradas pelos pacientes prejudiciais à saúde, a da sopa foi a mais apontada. Conclusão: O uso de dietas da moda pelos pacientes questionados foi baixo, o que indica que esses indivíduos possuem adequado conhecimento sobre alimentação.

Objective: To evaluate the use of fad diets for weight loss for patients treated on an outpatient specialty in nutrition, in northern Brazil. Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 40 patients who answered an anonymous questionnaire before the scheduled start of nutritional care. Results: Among patients, 11 reported having been on fad diets, all female. The soup diet was the most cited. Most patients felt very bad result. Most noted that the time was very short lightweight or short. Among the symptoms mentioned, the most common were weakness, dizziness and irritability. In relation to the diets for the patients considered harmful to health, the soup was the most pointed. Conclusion: The use of fad diets questioned by patients was low, indicating that these individuals have adequate knowledge about nutrition.

Enzyme-catalyzed production of 1-glyceryl benzoate in compressed n-butane.

The aim of this work is to report the enzymatic transesterification production of 1-glyceryl benzoate in compressed n-butane, using a commercial immobilized lipase, Novozym 435. For this purpose, reaction experiments were performed on the basis of phase equilibrium data of the system methyl benzoate/n-butane, measured using the static synthetic method with a variable-volume view cell in the temperature range of 313.15-343.15K and pressures up to 12MPa, in the entire compositional range of n-butane. Results indicate the existence of a relatively complex phase behavior for all temperatures investigated with the occurrence of vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid phase transitions. Reaction results showed that the strategy adopted for the experimental design proved to be useful in optimizing the reaction conversion in pressurized n-butane and Novozym 435. The optimum conditions were found to be 5.5wt% of enzyme, methyl benzoate to glycerol molar ratio of 3:1, 50°C and 6h of reaction, affording about 6% of 1-glyceryl benzoate yield.

Oxidases from mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis): extraction optimization and stability at low and high temperatures.

Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an important natural product in the economic and cultural context of Brazil. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase have been responsible for quality deterioration and browning in mate. The objective of this work was to investigate a methodology of extraction and enzymatic activity determination of oxidases present in mate tea leaves and to evaluate the oxidases stability. The effects of raw-material mass, buffer molar concentration, Triton X-100 addition, extraction pH, pH activity measurement, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 addition, and centrifugation time were evaluated by the experimental planning methodology. The storage of the oxidases along 150 days at low temperatures showed that no significant difference was found at -4 and -80 degrees C but significant difference was observed when compared to 4 degrees C. The results showed that higher activities of oxidases are obtained at similar conditions. The exposition to high-temperatures and the variation of the time of exposition affected the enzymatic activity significantly.