ABSTRACT
Dispatch-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been shown as an effective measure to improve the survival of this process. The development of a unified protocol for all dispatch centers of the different emergency medical services can be a first step towards this goal in our environment. The process of developing a recommendations document and the realization of posters of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, agreed by different actors and promoted by the Spanish Resuscitation Council, is presented.
Subject(s)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Emergency Medical Dispatch , First Aid , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy , Call Centers , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/education , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , First Aid/methods , Humans , Posters as Topic , Practice Guidelines as Topic , TelephoneABSTRACT
Las paradas cardíacas hospitalarias representan un problema de primera magnitud. Se considera que entre un 0,4% y un 2% de los pacientes ingresados precisan de las técnicas de resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP). La mitad de estas paradas se producen fuera de las Áreas de Críticos y en la actualidad, en el mejor de los casos, sólo 1 de cada 6 pacientes tratados sobrevive y puede ser dado de alta. Existe la evidencia de que pueden disminuirse la mortalidad y las secuelas que originan las paradas cardiorrespiratorias si se disminuyen los retrasos en la respuesta asistencial, con la optimización de la "Cadena de la Supervivencia Hospitalaria". Es decir, con estrategias dirigidas a: a) la identificación y tratamiento temprano de las situaciones susceptibles de desencadenar una parada cardíaca; b) la detección precoz de la parada cardiorrespiratoria; c) la aplicación sin tardanza de la RCP básica; d) la desfibrilación temprana; e) el inicio en muy pocos minutos de la RCP avanzada, y f) el traslado asistido e ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La desfibrilación temprana es la "llave para la supervivencia"; los trastornos del ritmo son la causa desencadenante más frecuente de la parada cardíaca, aunque sólo en una de cada cuatro paradas hospitalarias se documenta una fibrilación ventricular. En esta situación cada minuto de retraso en realizar la desfibrilación disminuye las posibilidades de sobrevivir en un 7%-10%. En los últimos años se han introducido en los hospitales mecanismos para mejorar la respuesta a las paradas cardíacas. A pesar del camino recorrido, el esfuerzo no puede considerarse suficiente. Sirva de ejemplo que nuestros hospitales tendrían problemas para acreditarse si se le aplicaran los estándares contemplados por la Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Heathcare Organizations (JCAHO). El Plan Nacional de RCP de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva, Crítica y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), en colaboración con la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC) ha elaborado estas recomendaciones, con el fin de contribuir a disminuir la mortalidad, secuelas y costes que originan las paradas cardíacas hospitalarias. En ellas también se recogen las directrices realizadas por las Sociedades Científicas Internacionales, en concreto por la International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), que agrupa prácticamente todas las organizaciones dedicadas a la resucitación a nivel mundial, incluido el European Resuscitation Council (ERC), que es la organización que adapta estas recomendaciones a nuestro ámbito y es en las que se basan las del Plan Nacional de RCP de la SEMICYUC. Además, en su elaboración se ha seguido la línea marcada, en unas recientes recomendaciones, por el Resuscitation Council del Reino Unido
Hospital cardiac arrest represent a first magnitude problem. It is considered that between 0.4% and 2% of the patients admitted require Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CRP) techniques. Half of these arrests are produced outside of the critical areas and presently, in the best of the cases, only 1 of every 6 patients treated survive and can be discharged. There is evidence that mortality and the sequels that cause the cardiorespiratory arrests can be decreased if delays in health care response are lessened, with the optimization of the "Hospital Survival Chain". That is, with strategies aimed at: a) early identification and treatment of situations susceptible of precipitating cardiac arrest; b) early detection of Cardiorespiratory Arrest; c) undelayed application of basic CPR; d) early defibrillation; e) initiation of advanced CPR within a few minutes, and f) assisted transfer and admission in Intensive Care Unit. Early defibrillation is the "key to survival". Rhythm disorders are the most frequent precipitating cause of cardiac arrest, although ventricular fibrillation is only documented in one of every four hospital cardiac arrests. In this situation, each minute of delay in performing the defibrillation decreases survival possibilities by 7%-10%. In recent years, mechanisms to improve response to cardiac arrests have been introduced in the hospitals. In spite of the distance traveled, the effort cannot be considered to be sufficient. The fact that our hospitals would have problems to become accredited if the standards contemplated by the Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) were applied to them serves as an example. The CPR National Plan of the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical and Coronary Unit Medicine (SEMICYUC), in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Intensive Nursing and Coronary Units (SEEIUC) has elaborated these recommendations in order to contribute towards decreasing mortality, sequels and costs arising from hospital heart arrests. In them, the guidelines made by the International Scientific Societies, specifically by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), is collected. This practically groups all the organizations dedicated to worldwide resuscitation, including the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), which is the organization that adapts these recommendations to our setting and they are the ones on which the National Plan of CPR of the SEMICYUC are based. Furthermore, the line marked in some recent recommendations by the Resuscitation Council of the United Kingdom has been followed in its elaboration
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Heart Arrest/therapy , Heart Arrest/epidemiology , Hospital Statistics , Electric CountershockABSTRACT
Hypovolemic shock occasioned for the spontaneous hemorrhage is a complication very rare in the course of the anticoagulant therapy with heparin. We are going to introduce you five cases where a therapy with heparin produced spontaneous hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock. We noticed them in our Intensive Medicine Service in five the last ones years. In all the patients we found helping factors of hemorrhage. In two of the patients the hemorrhage took place in spite of to maintain an activated partial-thromboplastin time (APTT) inside the therapeutic range of anticoagulation; another two presented a APTT excessively elongated; and a patient had it completely normal. In all the cases the hemoglobin and hematocrit values were normals at the beginning; however the pain ws always in all the patients and gave us an idea about the place where the bleeding was. In a patient the computed tomographic (CT) confirmed the diagnosis. In two cases the treatment was surgical. We explain coadyuvanted factors that are required in the hemorrhage genesis in anticoagulated patients with heparin.
