ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to determine the impact of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) on severity and frequency of drooling in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) secondary to Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). METHODS: This is a prospective longitudinal observational study including 23 children who received bilateral injections of BTX in the parotid and submandibular glands. The Thomas-Stonell & Greenberg Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale was applied by a multidisciplinary team including Speech, Language and Hearing professionals. The Global Impression of Improvement (GII) Scale was also applied to assess parents' subjective perceptions of therapeutic response. Swallowing was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyse differences between responders and non-responders. RESULTS: Participant age varied from 27 to 38 months (mean 31.78, SD = 2.61) all presented with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) V. Drooling Severity and Frequency Scale scores ranged from 7 to 9 points (median = 9) prior to BTX administration and from 4 to 6 (median = 6) after. Pre- and post-treatment reduction in drooling severity occurred (Z = -3.746; p < 0.001). No cases of drooling worsening were reported. Only two subjects presented adverse effects attributed to BTX administration. Correlation was only confirmed with GII. DISCUSSION: This article presents the safe and positive impact of BTX-A administration guided by anatomical references described in the literature, even on children with microcephaly. Further studies are needed to facilitate the use of Doppler ultrasonography as a tool to characterize changes in sensory processing and motor response following intraoral input in children with CP.
Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Cerebral Palsy/complications , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Sialorrhea/drug therapy , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the application of hand hygiene technique, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, in the neonatal intensive care unit, at a Maternity in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil. Methods: cross-sectional study. Hand hygiene technique by professional category and alcohol solution consumption were systematically registered. For this task an adapted instrument created by the WHO was used and applied using factsheets. The sample was taken from medical physicians, physiotherapists, nurses and nursing technicians. Results: hand hygiene adherence regarding WHO recommendations was deficient in terms of technique and in terms of frequency (adequate technique ranged from 0% to 13.3% between professional categories). Hand hygiene was frequently ignored (27% between physicians and 51.8% between nursing technicians). The moment right after touching surfaces next to patients was the most ignored one. Alcohol gel solution monthly use was only 35% of the expected value for the unit. Conclusions: despite the international investigations and efforts for better results, the adherence and compliance to the hand hygiene guidelines is still deficient and continues to be a major problem.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar aplicação da técnica de higienização das mãos numa unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal em uma maternidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal no qual foi avaliada a técnica de higienização das mãos com água e sabão e álcool gel e o consumo de solução de álcool gel e por categoria profissional. Um instrumento adaptado da OMS foi usado e aplicado usando questionários. A amostra foi composta por médicos, fisioterapeutas, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. Resultados: a aderência à higienização das mãos foi deficiente em termos de técnica e de frequência (a execução correta da técnica variou de 0 a 13,3% entre as categorias profissionais). A higienização das mãos foi ignorada por 27% dos médicos e 51,8% dos técnicos de enfermagem. Depois de tocar superfícies próximas aos pacientes foi o momento mais ignorado. O uso mensal de álcool gel foi 35% do valor esperado. Conclusões: apesar das investigações internacionais e esforços para melhores resultados, a adesão e o cumprimento das diretrizes de higienização das mãos ainda é deficiente.
