ABSTRACT
We examined sustained attention deficits in bipolar disorder and associated changes in brain activation assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized that relative to healthy participants, those with mania or mixed mania would (1) exhibit incremental decrements in sustained attention over time, (2) overactivate brain regions required for emotional processing and (3) progressively underactivate attentional regions of prefrontal cortex. Fifty participants with manic/mixed bipolar disorder (BP group) and 34 healthy comparison subjects (HC group) received an fMRI scan while performing a 15-min continuous performance task (CPT). The data were divided into three consecutive 5-min vigilance periods to analyze sustained attention. Composite brain activation maps indicated that both groups activated dorsal and ventral regions of an anterior-limbic network, but the BP group exhibited less activation over time relative to baseline. Consistent with hypotheses 1 and 2, the BP group showed a marginally greater behavioral CPT sustained attention decrement and more bilateral amygdala activation than the HC group, respectively. Instead of differential activation in prefrontal cortex over time, as predicted in hypothesis 3, the BP group progressively decreased activation in subcortical regions of striatum and thalamus relative to the HC group. These results suggest that regional activation decrements in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex accompany sustained attention decrements in both bipolar and healthy individuals. Stable amygdala overactivation across prolonged vigils may interfere with sustained attention and exacerbate attentional deficits in bipolar disorder. Differential striatal and thalamic deactivation in bipolar disorder is interpreted as a loss of amygdala (emotional brain) modulation by the ventrolateral prefrontal-subcortical circuit, which interferes with attentional maintenance.
Subject(s)
Attention/physiology , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Brain Mapping , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adult , Amygdala/physiology , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Corpus Striatum/physiopathology , Emotions/physiology , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Interview, Psychological , Limbic System/physiopathology , Male , Models, Neurological , Models, Psychological , Neuropsychological Tests , Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology , Thalamus/physiopathology , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Dentro de las lesiones fibro-óseas benignas se encuentra el fibromaosificante (FO); esta entidad se considera una verdadera neoplasia quecomprende una proliferación encapsulada de tejido fibroso; que afecta generalmentea los maxilares especialmente a la mandíbula en la región de molares.Su crecimiento es lento, pudiendo generar el desplazamiento dentario,incluso la rizólisis de los mismos.Para el diagnóstico de FO se requiere de la correlación clínica-radiológica, conlos hallazgos intraoperatorios; ya que la histología puede presentar similitudescon otras lesiones fibro-óseas.Se describe el caso de un paciente tratado en nuestro servicio por fibroma osificantede maxilar inferior(AU)
The benign fibro-osseous lesions include ossifying fibroma(OF). This condition is considered to be a true neoplasm consistingof an encapsulated proliferation of fibrous tissue that generallyaffects the jaws, especially the molar region of the mandible. Itsgrowth is slow and it can cause tooth displacement, including dentalrhizolysis.In order to reach the diagnosis of OF, a clinico-radiologic correlationwith intraoperative findings is required because the histology maybe similar to other fibro-osseous lesions.The case of a patient treated in our department for ossifying fibromaof the mandible is reported(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Fibroma, Ossifying/pathology , Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology , Tooth Migration/etiology , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Thyroglobulin (Tg), the thyroid hormone precursor, is a major protein component in the thyroid gland and may have other important functions. Here, we show that bovine Tg inhibited 125I-labeled transforming growth factor-beta1 (125I-TGF-beta1) binding to cell-surface TGF-beta receptors in mink lung epithelial cells with an IC50 of approximately 300 nM. After disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) modification, reduction/alkylation, treatment with 8 M urea, 0. 1% SDS, or acidic pH (pH 4-5), Tg exhibited a approximately 5-10-fold increase of 125I-TGF-beta1 binding inhibitory activity with IC50 of approximately 30-60 nM. This inhibitory activity was an intrinsic property of the Tg and could not be segregated from Tg protein by 5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by immunoprecipitation using antiserum to Tg. Untreated Tg did not affect DNA synthesis but blocked the TGF-beta-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis in mink lung epithelial cells. After DSS activation, Tg possessed TGF-beta agonist activity and inhibited DNA synthesis of mink lung epithelial cells and rat thyroid cells. The activated Tg also exerted a small but significant TGF-beta agonist activity in transcriptional activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. These results suggest that Tg possesses an authentic TGF-beta activity which can be induced by chemical modifications and treatments with denaturing agents and acidic pH.
Subject(s)
Thyroglobulin/pharmacology , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Binding Sites/physiology , Cattle , Cell Division/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Mink , Molecular Sequence Data , Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Precipitin Tests , Protein Binding/drug effects , Protein Denaturation , Rats , Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/pharmacology , Succinimides/metabolism , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Urea/pharmacologyABSTRACT
A case of T1N0M0 carcinoma of the tongue in a male 23-year-old 'regular' marijuana smoker is described. Hemiglossectomy and complete bilateral neck dissection were carried out. No post-operative radiotherapy was given as the resection margins were histologically negative. The tumour recurred one year later in the left cervical region involving the mandible and surgery was again performed, but after three months, neck disease was still evident. The case described case implies the introduction of marijuana as a possible new risk factor in the development of oral cavity tumours. Resection of the primary lesion has to be as wide as possible even in T1 cases, due to the aggressive biological behaviour of such tumours in young subjects.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Marijuana Smoking/adverse effects , Tongue Neoplasms/etiology , Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Humans , Male , Tongue Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the importance of analysis time on posturographic parameters (average X, Y and R, Sway Path, Sway Area, Ellipse Area) both with eyes open and closed, 24 normal subjects were examined for an overall period of 60 seconds. Mean +/- 1 SD values of each parameter were obtained for each time interval (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 sec.) into which the overall period was divided. With the eyes open, the parameters for each time interval did not differ significantly and they were always lower than those obtained with the eyes closed. On the other hand, with the eyes closed, there was a significant reduction in the various parameters as analysis time progressed. In 4 out of 24 subjects an inverse behaviour was detected. The authors conclude that the open-eye analysis time could be limited to 20 sec while, due to changes observed in the various posturographic parameters, closed-eye analysis time should be extended to 60 seconds. The analysis time may prove important in identifying peripheral or central vestibular pathologies since it may be that some of them induce earlier alterations of posturographic parameters while in other pathologies such changes are observed later on.
Subject(s)
Posture , Vestibular Function Tests , Adult , Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted , Female , Humans , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In the present work 30 normal adult subjects (20 males, 10 females; age range 25-40 years) having no signs or symptoms of vestibular involvement were studied in order to verify whether posturographic parameters could be influenced by the static stimulation of cervical and otolithic receptors. The posturographic evaluation was carried out using a stabilometric platform (Bertec) with the subject standing and the head in one of the following positions: median position, turned left (45 degrees), turned right (45 degrees), tilted left (40 degrees), tilted right (40 degrees), with eyes both opened and closed. The data obtained indicate that wide standard deviations exist in the observed parameters and no significant changes were observed with the head turned either to the right or left nor with the head tilted in either direction. Moreover, the posturographic data obtained with eyes open were slightly reduced in comparison to those obtained with the eyes closed. One can, thus, conclude that neither cervical nor otolithic inputs influence posturographic parameters under static conditions, while visual inputs modify significantly posturographic data, except the coordinates of the foot center of pressure.
