Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Primary Health Care/standards , Primary Health Care , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Primary Health Care/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Metformin/therapeutic use , Insulin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to describe the pattern of use of hypoglycemic agents in a primary health care district of Málaga between the years 2008-2012. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Málaga health district. Population of 609,781 inhabitants; 42,060 people in the diabetes process. Therapeutic sub-group A10 (drugs used in diabetes). Data is presented as defined daily dose (DDD). Years 2008-2012. Measures of frequency. RESULTS: The population grew by 0.4% and the people included in the diabetes process, by 19%. The hypoglycemic agents have increased from 12,453,443 to 14,144,817 DDD (13.5%). Oral antidiabetics increased by 13.8% and insulin by 9.7%. Metformin is the most used oral antidiabetic (6,655,923 DDD) and the iDDP4 was the one that had increased more (from 63,882 DDD to 1,482,574). The growth in insulin use was mainly due to the long-acting (38%) and the shorter-acting one (40%). The most used insulin doses are the long-acting ones, followed by the pre-mixed. The proportion of insulin use as regards the use of ADOs has remained stable (31%)., Long-acting (36%) insulin has become the most used, followed by pre-mixed (34%), shorter-acting (16%), and the intermediate-acting (12%). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increase in the use of hypoglycemic agents., Metformin and iDPP4 are the antidiabetics oral with the greatest growth., There is an increase in shorter-acting and long-acting insulins with a decrease in intermediate-acting and pre-mixed., The proportion of oral antidiabetics/insulins has remained stable.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Primary Health Care , SpainABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) administered after mating, on embryo production in the dairy goat subjected to conventional superovulatory and embryo recovery protocols. Adult does, most of them of the French Alpine breed, were randomly assigned after a FSH-superovulatory estrus and fertile matings to a control group (n=20) or to a treated group (n=20) in which intravaginal sponges impregnated with FGA were inserted after mating and remove before embryo collection (day 6). Blood samples were collected every 12h from days 1 to 7 post-estrus and serum progesterone concentrations were determined. The FGA-group had a lesser percentage of does with normal corpora lutea (CL) and a greater percentage of animals with CL in regression or mixed (normal and in regression) when compared with the control group (13.3 and 64.7%, 53.3 and 23.5%, and 33.3 and 11.8%, respectively; P<0.05). Mean number of normal CL per doe was less and mean number of regressed CL greater in FGA as compared with the control group (4.2 compared with 10.7 and 8.5 compared with 3.6, respectively; P<0.05). There were no differences (P>0.05) in recovery rate, total number of CL, total recovered structures, oocytes and transferable and non-transferable embryos between groups. Serum progesterone concentrations from day 5 to 7 post-estrus were lower (P<0.05) in FGA as compared with the control group. Percentage of does with luteal failure on day 6 post-estrus was greater in FGA as compared with the control group (86.6 compared with 33.3%; P<0.01). When considering only does with luteal failure on day 6 post-estrus, mean total recovered structures, transferable embryos and percentage of does rendering > or =3 transferable embryos were greater in the FGA compared with the control group (6.3 and 1.3 structures, 4.5 and 1.2 embryos, 67 and 17%, respectively; P<0.05). In does not having luteal failure, FGA administration did not appear to affect embryo production or embryo survival. These results indicate that FGA administration after mating improves embryo recovery in dairy goats with luteal failure after superovulatory treatment. However, it also increases the incidence of luteal regression when administered early in the estrous cycle.
Subject(s)
Embryo, Mammalian/physiology , Flurogestone Acetate/pharmacology , Goats/physiology , Luteolysis/drug effects , Superovulation , Administration, Intravaginal , Animals , Breeding , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/pharmacology , Goats/blood , Luteal Phase , Ovulation Induction/methods , Ovulation Induction/veterinary , Pregnancy , Progesterone/blood , Random Allocation , Time Factors , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/veterinaryABSTRACT
Se establecieron las condiciones optimas con dos variedades de analisis inmunoenzimatico (ELISA) para detectar un antigeno soluble obtenido de trofozoitos de E. histolytica. La ELISA de emparedado con doble anticuerpo y antiinmunoglobulina logro detectar hasta 100 ng de antigeno por ml, mientras que con la ELISA de emparedado con doble anticuerpo el limite de deteccion se incremento hasta 1 ng/ml. Estos niveles de deteccion deben ser utiles para identificar antigeno en el suero de pacientes con amibiasis invasora
