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1.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 57(9)2021 Aug 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34577820

ABSTRACT

Background and objective: The use of suboptimal weight loss strategies in order to reach specific weight ranges as observed in combat sport disciplines can give rise to severe health problems. However, particular aspects regarding management of weight category comparing three sport disciplines remain to be investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to obtain information regarding the weight loss strategies that competitors performed before a tournament. Materials and Methods: This article describes the most common dietary-nutritional strategies used by 140 national university male competitors of judo (n = 52), karate (n = 40) and taekwondo (n = 48) in order to achieve a specific weight, according to the rapid weight loss questionnaire (RWLQ) and the EAT-27 questionnaire. Results: Around 50% of participants were not involved in a weight loss process. Among the remaining participants, we considered three periods for weight reduction: less than 1 week (35% in judo, 8% in karate and 19% in taekwondo), less than 1 month (17% in judo, 15% in karate and 26% in taekwondo) and more than 1 month (0% in judo, 5% in karate and 21% in taekwondo). Severe fasting, focused on food/water restriction, was the most commonly used strategy, being more frequent in judo players. Light weight judo practitioners generally lost 2-5 kg before the contest. One third of participants avoided carbohydrate consumption when performing food restriction. Finally, individuals that reduced weight in the last week seemed to develop an unhealthy psychological relationship with food. Conclusion: All these aspects could be particularly relevant, providing information regarding how competitors manage basic nutritional concepts that guide dieting strategies. This information is relevant to prepare future educational interventions in the area of nutrition for competitors, coaches and technical staff.


Subject(s)
Martial Arts , Weight Loss , Diet , Fasting , Humans , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Univ. psychol ; 16(4): 125-138, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-963309

ABSTRACT

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre tipos de liderazgo (tarea y social), cohesión, potencia de equipo y rendimiento en 334 futbolistas federados de las categorías Alevín, Cadete, Juvenil y Absoluta, con una edad media de 15.97 (DE = 3.31). Los cuestionarios utilizados fueron de Liderazgo auténtico (ALQ), tarea (LSS), Cohesión grupal (CG), Potencia de equipo (CPEA) y rendimiento, que mostraron índices de ajuste óptimos (χ2/DF = 1.313 p = 0; CFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.032; SRMS = 0.0343). Los resultados indican que el estilo de liderazgo, especialmente liderazgo tarea (p = 0.37) influye indirectamente en el rendimiento a través de la CG (p = 0.17) y CPE (p = 0.21). Como conclusión, se propone la mejora del rendimiento grupal a partir de la optimización de modelos de conducta individuales.


Abstract The objective was to analyze the relationships between types of leadership (task and social), cohesion, team potency and performance in 334 federated players of the categories Alevín, Cadet, Juvenile and Absolute, with a mean age of 15.97 (SD = 3.31). The questionnaires used were Authentic Leadership (ALQ), Task (LSS), Group Cohesion (CG), Team Power (CPEA), and Performance that showed optimal adjustment indexes (χ2 / DF = 1.313 p = 0; CFI = 0.997; TLI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.032; SRMS = 0.0343). The results indicate that leadership style, especially leadership task (p = 0.37) indirectly influences performance through CG (p = 0.17) and CPE (p = 0.21). In conclusion, it is proposed to improve group performance by optimizing individual behavior models.


Subject(s)
Soccer/classification , Leadership
3.
Univ. psychol ; 15(4): 1-13, oct.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963192

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el poder de predicción de las creencias implícitas de habilidad, las orientaciones de meta y la percepción de competencia deportiva sobre el conocimiento procedimental en jugadores de baloncesto. En la investigación participaron 339 jugadores de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 15 años. Se les midió la orientación motivacional (POSQ), las creencias de habilidad en el deporte (CNAAQ-2), la competencia deportiva y el conocimiento procedimental en baloncesto (CCPB). Los resultados mostraron que la creencia incremental de habilidad predecía positivamente el conocimiento procedimental, mientras que la creencia de entidad lo hacía de forma negativa. La relación entre las creencias de habilidad y el conocimiento procedimental fue directa, sin mediación de las orientaciones de meta y la competencia percibida. Los resultados se discuten en relación con el papel de la motivación sobre el conocimiento procedimental en el deporte.


The objective of this study was to analyze the prediction of ability beliefs, goal orientations and perceptions of athletic competence on procedural knowledge in basketball players. The research involved 339 players aged between 12 and 15. The motivational orientation (POSQ), the ability beliefs in sport (CNAAQ-2), sport competence and procedural knowledge in basketball (CCP) were measured. The results of the structural equation modeling, showed that incremental ability belief predicted positively procedural knowledge, while the entity ability belief predicted procedural knowledge negatively. The relationship between the ability beliefs and procedural knowledge was direct, without the mediation of goal orientations and perceived competence. The results are discussed in relation to the role of motivation on procedural knowledge on the sport.

4.
Univ. psychol ; 15(1): 153-164, ene.-mar. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-963120

ABSTRACT

El estudio comprobó un modelo predictivo del apoyo social de autonomía del practicante sobre la relación con los demás, a su vez sobre la motivación intrínseca; está sobre el disfrute, y por último, se comprobó la predicción del disfrute sobre el motivo fitness/salud. Se utilizó una muestra de 682 practicantes de actividades físicas no competitivas con una edad media de 35.50 ± 11.70 años. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron una predicción positiva del apoyo a la autonomía del practicante hacia la relación con los demás, esta predijo la motivación intrínseca, que a su vez predijo el disfrute y finalmente el motivo de fitness/salud. Se discuten los resultados en pro de valorar la importancia de fomentar el disfrute en los practicantes para incrementar la práctica física saludable.


This study tested a predictive model of perception of supportive autonomy coaching on the relatedness mediator, this mediator on intrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation on enjoyment and enjoyment on the fitness / health motive. A sample of 682 practitioners of non-competitive physical activities with a mean age of 35.50 ± 11.70 years, participated in the study. The results of structural equation model showed a positive prediction of supportive autonomy coaching on the relatedness mediator, relatedness on intrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation on enjoyment and enjoyment on the fitness/health motive with 51% of variance. These results do appreciate the importance of promoting the enjoyment on practitioners to enhance the healthy physical practice.

5.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(4): 1708-14, 2015 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545540

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: there is a growing concern in the appearance of eating disorders in athletes, especially those that practice sports grouped into weight categories. This affects the way athletes eat, using frequently unhealthy strategies to control weight, especially during the pre-competition period. AIM: this study analyses the prevalence of contact sports athletes in developing eating disorders, and how a controlled diet plan can reduce this risk. At the same time, it evaluates the use of the EAT-26 questionnaire to detect such disorders. METHODS: a randomized frequency study was performed on 244 athletes (158 men, 86 women), who were separated into two groups: those that followed a diet plan given by a nutritionist, and a control group on a free diet. The athletes completed an EAT-26 questionnaire while participating in the University-level National Championships. RESULTS: the free diet group scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. Also, the female athletes controlled diet group scored significantly higher than their male counterparts. DISCUSSION: the results of the questionnaire indicate that an adequate nutritional program circumvents the use of unhealthy habits to control body weight and therefore avoids developing particular eating disorders. EAT-26 questionnaire does not seem the most appropriate tool to detect these disorders.


Introducción: existe una preocupación creciente por los desórdenes alimentarios en deportistas, especialmente en aquellos que practican deportes agrupados en categorías de peso. Esto afecta a la manera de comer de los deportistas, usando con frecuencia estrategias no saludables para control del peso, en especial en periodo precompetitivo. Objetivo: este estudio analiza la prevalencia de desórdenes alimentarios en deportistas de deportes de contacto, y cómo una planificación dietética controlada puede reducir el riesgo. También valora el uso del cuestionario EAT-26 para detectar dichos desórdenes. Métodos: ha sido realizado un estudio aleatorizado de frecuencias en 244 deportistas (158 varones, 86 mujeres), que fueron separados en dos grupos: los que seguían un plan dietético proporcionado por un nutricionista y un grupo control con una dieta libre. Los participantes rellenaron el cuestionario EAT-26 mientras participaban en los Campeonatos Universitarios Nacionales. Resultados: el grupo con dieta libre puntuó con valores más altos en el cuestionario. Al mismo tiempo, las deportistas que seguían una dieta controlada puntuaron de forma significativa en el cuestionario respecto a los varones del mismo grupo. Discusión: los resultados del cuestionario indican que una adecuada planificación nutricional evita el uso de hábitos poco saludables para controlar el peso corporal, evitando desarrollar desórdenes alimentarios particulares. El cuestionario EAT-26 no parece la herramienta más apropiada para detectar estos desórdenes.


Subject(s)
Diet Therapy/methods , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Martial Arts/psychology , Sports/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Athletes , Diet Therapy/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Sex Characteristics
6.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(4): 1708-1714, oct. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-143672

ABSTRACT

Introduction: there is a growing concern in the appearance of eating disorders in athletes, especially those that practice sports grouped into weight categories. This affects the way athletes eat, using frequently unhealthy strategies to control weight, especially during the pre-competition period. Aim: this study analyses the prevalence of contact sports athletes in developing eating disorders, and how a controlled diet plan can reduce this risk. At the same time, it evaluates the use of the EAT-26 questionnaire to detect such disorders. Methods: a randomized frequency study was performed on 244 athletes (158 men, 86 women), who were separated into two groups: those that followed a diet plan given by a nutritionist, and a control group on a free diet. The athletes completed an EAT-26 questionnaire while participating in the University-level National Championships. Results: the free diet group scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. Also, the female athletes controlled diet group scored significantly higher than their male counterparts. Discussion: the results of the questionnaire indicate that an adequate nutritional program circumvents the use of unhealthy habits to control body weight and therefore avoids developing particular eating disorders. EAT-26 questionnaire does not seem the most appropriate tool to detect these disorders (AU)


Introducción: existe una preocupación creciente por los desórdenes alimentarios en deportistas, especialmente en aquellos que practican deportes agrupados en categorías de peso. Esto afecta a la manera de comer de los deportistas, usando con frecuencia estrategias no saludables para control del peso, en especial en periodo precompetitivo. Objetivo: este estudio analiza la prevalencia de desórdenes alimentarios en deportistas de deportes de contacto, y cómo una planificación dietética controlada puede reducir el riesgo. También valora el uso del cuestionario EAT-26 para detectar dichos desórdenes. Métodos: ha sido realizado un estudio aleatorizado de frecuencias en 244 deportistas (158 varones, 86 mujeres), que fueron separados en dos grupos: los que seguían un plan dietético proporcionado por un nutricionista y un grupo control con una dieta libre. Los participantes rellenaron el cuestionario EAT-26 mientras participaban en los Campeonatos Universitarios Nacionales. Resultados: el grupo con dieta libre puntuó con valores más altos en el cuestionario. Al mismo tiempo, las deportistas que seguían una dieta controlada puntuaron de forma significativa en el cuestionario respecto a los varones del mismo grupo. Discusión: los resultados del cuestionario indican que una adecuada planificación nutricional evita el uso de hábitos poco saludables para controlar el peso corporal, evitando desarrollar desórdenes alimentarios particulares. El cuestionario EAT-26 no parece la herramienta más apropiada para detectar estos desórdenes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Feeding and Eating Disorders/epidemiology , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Wrestling/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data
7.
J Sports Sci Med ; 12(3): 551-8, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24149164

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to establish motivational profiles for doing physical activity according to the variables from the theory of planned action in a sample of 698 students aged 14 to 16. The instruments used were the Questionnaire of Behavioral Regulation in Sport (BRQ-R) and the Questionnaire of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TCP). Cluster analysis revealed two motivational profiles: a "self-determined "profile with high scores in intrinsic motivation and low scores in extrinsic motivation and amotivation, and a "non self- determined "profile with low scores in intrinsic motivation and high scores in extrinsic motivation and amotivation. Positive significant differences in attitudes, norms, and intent to control were found for the self-determined profile related to "non self-determined "profile. Key PointsA "self-determined "profile was found with higher scores for the four types of intrinsic motivations (general, knowledge, stimulation and achievement) and identified regulation than for introjected and external regulation.A "non self-determined "profile was found with higher scores for external, introjected regulation and amotivation than for the four types of intrinsic motivation (general, knowledge, stimulation and achievement).In the context of the "non self-determined profile "we could encourage programs that adapt to these needs in such a way that they contribute to increasing the rates of doing physical activity in the population.

8.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 44(3): 41-52, sep.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-678095

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar si las estrategias disciplinadas empleadas por el docente en el aula influyen en el clima motivacional y las orientaciones disposicionales y éstas, a su vez, influyen en las razones de los alumnos para ser disciplinados. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1126 estudiantes de educación física. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las escalas SSDS, LAPOPECQ, POSQ y RDS. Los resultados mostraron que las estrategias basadas en razones de responsabilidad e intrínsecas del docente para mantener la disciplina se relacionaban con la percepción de un clima motivacional a la tarea y con la disposición del discente a la tarea. Ambos predijeron las razones identificadas e intrínsecas del estudiante para ser disciplinado. Futuros estudios deberán corroborar los resultados encontrados desde un punto de vista experimental con el objeto de comprender de forma más precisa los mecanismos que permitan disminuir los comportamientos indisciplinados en las aulas.


The aim of this study was to determine relationships between the discipline strategies used by teachers in the classroom: perception of motivational climate, and goal orientations as well as the student's reasons have influence on them to be disciplined. A sample of 1126 physical education students participated in the study. They completed the SSDS, LAPOPECQ, POSQ and CPIDEF to measure these variables. Results showed that the intrinsic and responsibility strategies used by teachers to maintain discipline, were positively related with the perception of a task-involving motivational climate and task orientation. Task-involving motivational climate and goal orientation, predicted the intrinsic and indentified reasons of students to be disciplined. Future research should corroborate the results found in experimental designs to understand the process which uphold undisciplined behaviours in school.

9.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 21(2): 215-221, jul.-dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-108296

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comprobar la capacidad predictiva de las metas sociales, las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación intrínseca sobre la percepción de esfuerzo en las clases de educación física. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 558 estudiantes (297 chicas y 261 chicos) con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años. Los estudiantes completaron las versiones traducidas al castellano de la Escala de Metas Sociales en Educación Física (EMSEF), Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio (BPNES), adaptada a la educación física, el factor "motivación intrínseca" de la Escala de Locus Percibido de Causalidad (PLOC) y el factor "esfuerzo" del Inventario de Motivación Intrínseca (IMI). Después de un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, los resultados revelaron que la meta de responsabilidad social y las necesidades psicológicas básicas de competencia y autonomía predecían positivamente la percepción de esfuerzo en las clases de educación física. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de que los docentes empleen estrategias orientadas a crear ambientes donde se fomente la responsabilidad, el sentimiento de competencia y la autonomía del alumnado, a fin de lograr mejoras en el esfuerzo realizado por el alumnado para superar las tareas (AU)


The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive power of social goals, basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation on the perception of effort. A sample of 558 students, 297 girls and 261 boys, aged between 12 and 16 years, participated in the study. The students completed the Spanish versions of the Social Goal Scale-Physical Education (SGS-PE), the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) adapted to physical education, the intrinsic motivation subscale of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC) and the effort subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Multiple linear regression showed that social responsibility goals, perception of competence and autonomy positively predicted effort in physical education classes. These results show the importance for teachers to use strategies that promote responsibility, perception of competence and autonomy of the pupil, in order to achieve improvements in the effort made by pupils in physical education classes (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Physical Education and Training/methods , Physical Education and Training/trends , Social Responsibility , Exercise Test/methods , Exercise Test/psychology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Causality , Physical Education and Training/organization & administration , Physical Education and Training/standards , Needs Assessment/organization & administration , Needs Assessment/standards , Motivation/physiology , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale/statistics & numerical data , Linear Models
10.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 20(1): 165-178, ene.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-84806

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio fue comprobar la relación existente entre el clima motivacional percibido en educación física, la orientación disposicional, el mediador relación con los demás y la propensión a experimentar flow disposicional en una muestra de 356 estudiantes de E.S.O con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años. Debido a que las escalas de clima y orientación motivacional de Papaioannou, Tsigilis y Kosmidou (2007) no habían sido aplicadas previamente al contexto educativo español, se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados revelaron que las escalas eran válidas y fiables para medir el clima motivacional y la orientación disposicional en las clases de educación física con adolescentes españoles. Tras un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple se comprobó que el flow disposicional fue predicho positivamente en un 45% por la aproximación al rendimiento del clima percibido, así como la maestría y la aproximación al rendimiento de la orientación disposicional y el mediador relación con los demás. La inclusión de la visión de las metas de aproximación-evitación y sociales conjuntamente ha permitido un análisis más completo de la motivación de logro en las aulas de educación física (AU)


The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived motivational climate in physical education, dispositional goal orientation, relatedness and dispositional flow in a sample of 356 secondary school students between the ages of 12 and 16. Since Papaioannou, Tsigilis and Kosmidou’s scales of perceived motivational climate and goal orientation (2007) had not previously been applied to the Spanish educational context, the psychometric properties were analysed. The results revealed that the scales were valid and reliable for measuring the perception of motivational climate and dispositional orientation in physical education classes with Spanish adolescents. A multiple linear regression analysis found that dispositional flow was predicted positively in 45% of the cases by the perception of the performance approach climate, mastery and performance orientation approaches and relatedness. The inclusion of social and approach-avoidance goals together allowed for a more complete analysis of achievement motivation in physical education (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Motivation , Goals , Exercise/physiology , Aptitude/physiology , Psychometrics/methods , Intention , Psychometrics/organization & administration , Psychometrics/trends , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 10(1): 57-70, ene.-jun. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-106993

ABSTRACT

Este trabajo aplicó el modelo jerárquico de motivación de Vallerand a la predicción del disfrute en programas de ejercicio físico acuático. Se utilizó una muestra de 291 practicantes de actividades acuáticas no competitivas, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 72 años, a los cuales se midió la valoración del comportamiento autónomo del practicante realizado por el técnico, la autonomía, la motivación intrínseca y el motivo disfrute. El resultado del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostró que la valoración del comportamiento autónomo del técnico sobre el practicante predijo positivamente el mediador autonomía, este a su vez lo realizó sobre la motivación intrínseca, y por último, predijo positivamente, con un 63% de varianza explicada, el disfrute en el practicante. Los resultados se discuten atendiendo a que los profesionales responsables en las prácticas de actividades físicas acuáticas direccionadas al disfrute deben valorar el comportamiento autónomo del practicante para fomentar la autonomía y lograr una mayor motivación intrínseca (AU)


This work applied the Vallerand's hierarchical model of motivation to prediction of enjoyment in aquatic exercise programs. The objective of the study was to analyze the relevance of coach perception of the practitioner's autonomous behavior on the prediction of enjoyment in aquatic exercise activities through autonomy and intrinsic motivation. A sample of 291 practitioners of water activities uncompetitive, aged between 16 and 72 years participated in the study. We measured the coachj assessment of athletes autonomous behavior, autonomy, intrinsic motivation and enjoyment. The result of the structural equation model showed that the coachj (..) (AU)


Neste trabalho se aplicou o modelo hierárquico de motivação de Vallerand e a previsão do desfrute em um programa de exercício físico (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Personal Autonomy , Motivation , Aquatic Environment , Swimming/psychology
12.
Rev. psicol. deport ; 18(1): 23-35, ene.-jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-73918

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación de los climas motivacionales percibidos, los mediadorespsicológicos y la motivación autodeterminada con el flow disposicional en salvamento deportivo. Además, se examinaronlas diferencias en las variables de estudio según el género, la edad y el tiempo de práctica diario de los deportistas. En elestudio participaron 283 deportistas federados, con una edad media de 17.27 años (DT = 3.36), pertenecientes a 32 clubesde salvamento deportivo. Se administró el Cuestionario del Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte-2 (PMCSQ-2), laEscala de Mediadores Motivacionales en el Deporte (EMMD), la Escala de Motivación Deportiva (SMS) y la Escala de FlowDisposicional (DFS). Los resultados revelaron que el clima tarea, el clima ego, la competencia y autonomía percibidas, y lamotivación autodeterminada predecían positivamente el flow disposicional, con un 50% de varianza explicada. Loshombres se percibieron con mayor autonomía, competencia y flow disposicional que las mujeres. Los deportistas de mayoredad mostraron mayor autonomía percibida que los de menor edad. Los resultados se discuten en relación a los factoresmotivacionales que juegan un papel importante para incrementar el flow disposicional (AU)


This study analyzed the relationships between perceived motivational climates, psychological mediators, selfdeterminedmotivation and dispositional flow in lifesaving sport. The study variables also examined differences accordingto gender, age and daily practice time. A total of 283 athletes with a mean age of 17.27 years (SD = 3.36) who completedthe Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), the Motivational Mediators in Sport Scale(EMMD), the Sport Motivational Scale (SMS) and the Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS) participated in the study. The resultsrevealed that perceived task and ego-involving motivational climates, perceived competence and autonomy, and selfdeterminedmotivation positively predicted dispositional flow with 50% of the variance explained. Men reported higherscores in autonomy, competence and dispositional flow than women did. Older athletes displayed a higher level ofperceived autonomy than younger ones. The results are discussed in connection with the motivational factors important toimproving dispositional flow (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sports/psychology , Motivation , Feedback, Psychological , Age and Sex Distribution , Personal Satisfaction , Psychometrics/instrumentation
13.
Span J Psychol ; 11(2): 660-9, 2008 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18988451

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Flow State Scale (FSS; Jackson & Marsh, 1996). This instrument is used to assess the Flow State in participants of physical activity, although it can be adapted to other contexts (such as work, educational contexts, etc.). This construct can be considered the optimal psychological state to carry out an activity, being closely related to motivation and personal enjoyment (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). A sample of 2036 athletes was recruited from diverse sports activities. The results revealed satisfactory validity and internal consistency of the instrument, obtaining a factor model made up of a main factor and nine subscales. The correlations between motivational orientations and the flow state are highlighted. The Spanish translation of this instrument is found to be acceptable, with similar psychometric properties as the original scale, although future research in other contexts is needed to support these outcomes.


Subject(s)
Athletic Performance , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Motivation , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Sports/psychology , Adolescent , Awareness , Feedback , Female , Goals , Humans , Internal-External Control , Male , Personal Satisfaction , Reference Values , Self Concept , Young Adult
14.
Span. j. psychol ; 11(2): 660-669, nov. 2008. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-74143

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Flow State Scale (FSS; Jackson & Marsh, 1996). This instrument is used to assess the Flow State in participants of physical activity, although it can be adapted to other contexts (such as work, educational contexts, etc.). This construct can be considered the optimal psychological state to carry out an activity, being closely related to motivation and personal enjoyment (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). A sample of 2036 athletes was recruited from diverse sports activities. The results revealed satisfactory validity and internal consistency of the instrument, obtaining a factor model made up of a main factor and nine subscales. The correlations between motivational orientations and the flow state are highlighted. The Spanish translation of this instrument is found to be acceptable, with similar psychometric properties as the original scale, although future research in other contexts is needed to support these outcomes (AU)


El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión adaptada al castellano de la Flow State Scale (FSS; Jackson y Marsh, 1996), instrumento utilizado para valorar el estado de fluidez en practicantes de actividad física, aunque adaptable a otros contextos (trabajo, educación…). Dicho constructo puede ser considerado como el estado psicológico óptimo para realizar una actividad, estando muy relacionado con la motivación y el disfrute personal (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997). Se desarrolló un estudio con 2036 participantes en diferentes actividades deportivas. Los resultados han demostrado que el instrumento posee una validez y consistencia interna aceptables, hallándose un modelo factorial compuesto por un factor principal y nueve factores secundarios. Asimismo, destacan las correlaciones entre las dos orientaciones motivacionales y el estado de fluidez. Se concluye que la adaptación al castellano del instrumento para valorar el estado de fluidez es aceptable, encontrándose propiedades psicométricas similares a las obtenidas en la escala original, aunque se necesitan nuevos trabajos en otros contextos que apoyen estos resultados (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Motor Activity , Motivation , Psychometrics/methods
15.
Span J Psychol ; 11(1): 181-91, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18630659

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among perceived motivational climate, individuals' goal orientations, and dispositional flow, with attention to possible gender differences. A sample of 413 young athletes, ages 12 to 16 years, completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), as well as the Dispositional Flow Scale. Task orientation was positively and significantly related to a perceived task-involving motivational climate and to the disposition to experience flow in the sport. Ego orientation was positively and significantly associated with a perceived ego-involving motivational climate and with dispositional flow. The perceptions of task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates were positively and significantly linked to general dispositional flow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both task and ego goal orientations and perceived task- and ego-oriented climates predicted dispositional flow. Males displayed a stronger ego orientation, and were more likely to report that they participated in an ego-oriented climate, than did females. To the contrary, the females were more likely to perceive a task-oriented climate than did the males. No meaningful differences were found between males and females in general dispositional flow.


Subject(s)
Attitude , Gender Identity , Goals , Motivation , Sports/psychology , Adolescent , Athletic Performance , Character , Defense Mechanisms , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Self Concept
16.
Span. j. psychol ; 11(1): 181-191, mayo 2008. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-73630

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationships among perceived motivational climate, individuals’ goal orientations, and dispositional flow, with attention to possible gender differences. A sample of 413 young athletes, ages 12 to 16 years, completed the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) and Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), as well as the Dispositional Flow Scale. Task orientation was positively and significantly related to a perceived task involving motivational climate and to the disposition to experience flow in the sport. Ego orientation was positively and significantly associated with a perceived ego-involving motivational climate and with dispositional flow. The perceptions of task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates were positively and significantly linked to general dispositional flow. Multiple regression analysis indicated that both task and ego goal orientations and perceived task- and ego-oriented climates predicted dispositional flow. Males displayed a stronger ego orientation, and were more likely to report that they participated in an ego-oriented climate, than did females. To the contrary, the females were more likely to perceive a task-oriented climate than did the males. No meaningful differences were found between males and females in general dispositional flow (AU)


El objetivo de esta investigación era examinar las relaciones entre el clima motivacional percibido, las orientaciones de meta y la disposición al «flow» de los individuos, atendiendo las posibles diferencias de género. Una muestra de 413 atletas jóvenes, de edades entre 12 y 16 años, completaron el Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2) y el Perception of Success Questionnaire(POSQ), además de la Dispositional Flow Scale. La orientación a la tarea tenía una relación positiva y significativa con el clima motivacional implicante a la tarea percibido y con la disposición a experimentar el «flow» en el deporte. La orientación al ego tenía una relación positiva y significativa con el clima motivacional implicante al ego percibido y con el flow disposicional. Las percepciones de climas motivacionales implicantes a la tarea y al ego tenían una relación positiva y significativa con el flow general disposicional. El análisis de regresión múltiple indicaba que tanto las orientaciones de meta ala tarea y al ego y los climas percibidos orientados a la tarea y al ego predecían el flow disposicional. Los varones mostraron una orientación al ego más fuerte y era más probable que dijeran que participaban en un clima orientado al ego que las mujeres. En contraste, era más probable que las mujeres percibieran un clima orientado a la tarea que los varones. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en el flow disposicional general (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Employee Incentive Plans , Sports/psychology , Ego , Sex Distribution
17.
In. Dantas, Estélio Henrique Martins; Vale, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza. Atividade física e envelhecimento saudável. Rio de Janeiro, SHAPE, 2008. p.153-169.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-477975

ABSTRACT

Em este capítulo se proponen una serie de estratégias motivacionales para fomentar la adherencia a la práctica deportiva em la población mayor.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Humans , Motivation , Motor Activity , Sports
18.
Apuntes psicol ; 26(3): 501-516, 2008. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70804

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del trabajo fue comprobar el poder de predicción de las estrategias utilizadaspor el profesorado para mantener la disciplina y la orientación de meta disposicionalsobre la motivación autodeterminada en estudiantes adolescentes de educación física, yla relación entre las mismas. Para ello, se empleó una muestra de 736 estudiantes correspondientea los niveles educativos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachilleratoa los que se les pasaron las escalas de Estrategias para Mantener la Disciplina en Clasede educación física (SSDS), la Escala de Orientación Motivacional (POSQ) y la Escalade Motivación Deportiva (SMS). Los resultados mostraron la importancia de dirigir alalumnado a través de estrategias de disciplina de preocupación y responsabilidad paraconseguir una orientación a la tarea y como consecuencia una motivación autodeterminada.Además, las estrategias de preocupación/responsabilidad del profesorado y laorientación al ego aparecieron como factores clave en el desarrollo de la motivaciónautodeterminada


The objective of this paper was to checking the relations between the motivationself-determination, the goal dispositional orientation and the strategies used by the teacherto maintain discipline in the adolescent physical education students. A sample of 736students Compulsory Secondary Education or Secondary School Certificate courses,was used for that purpose. They were given the POSQ (Roberts and Balaguer, 1991;Roberts, Treasure and Balaguer, 1998), SMS (Pelletier et al., 1995) and SSDS scales(Papioannou, 1998). The results showed the importance to direct the pupils towards thetask for developing the most self-determinated motivation and discipline way. Also, thestrategies used by the teacher to maintain discipline in the classroom (concern/responsibility)and ego dispositional orientation showed like key factors in the self-determination motivation preview (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Motivation , Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent/education , Psychology, Adolescent/methods , Adolescent Development/physiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Motor Activity/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance
19.
An. psicol ; 23(1): 167-176, jun.2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053318

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del estudio es la validación al contexto español de la escala MPAM-R (Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised) de Ryan, Frederick, Lepes, Rubio, y Sheldon, (1997), y comprobar los efectos que producen el género, la edad, la forma, tiempo y días de práctica sobre dichos motivos en una muestra compuesta por 561 sujetos adultos de una gran ciudad española, practicantes de actividades físicas no competitivas. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio obteniendo una adaptación de la escala original con 28 ítems agrupados en cinco factores con coeficientes de fiabilidad aceptables, y con una varianza total explicada del 69.36%. Los motivos relacionados con la salud muestran los valores de medios más altos, seguidos de los relacionados con el disfrute y la diversión. Las per-sonas de mayor edad dan más importancia a los motivos relacionados con la salud, mientras que las más jóvenes priorizan los motivos relacionados con la apariencia. Con respecto al género, las mujeres practican por motivos de salud, apariencia, sociales y disfrute, al igual que los varones. Se considera que la escala MPAM-R puede ser un instrumento válido y fiable para medir los motivos de práctica de actividad física, precisándose de nuevos trabajos en este ámbito no competitivo


The aim of the study is the validation of the Spanish context from the MPAM-R scale (Motives for Physical Activity Measures revised), by Ryan, Fredericks, Lepes, Rubio and Sheldon(1997), and check the effects that produce in the kind, age, form, time and days for practice in that reasons. It has been used a sample composed of 561 adults subjects from a big Spanish city with practice do non – competitive sport and physical activities. It was a made a factorial explore analysis obtaining an adaptation of the original scale with 28 items grouped in five factors with good reliability coefficients and a total variance explained of 69.36%.The reasons that are link with the health gives medium securities highest with relation with the enjoy and funny. People with old age give more importance to the reasons that are link with health while young people consider more importance the reasons that are link with health while young people consider more importance the reasons that are link whit the appearance. With regard to the kind, the study gives that women practice for reasons of health, appearance, social and enjoy, the same as men. It is consider that the MPAM-R scale can be a valid and reliable instrument for measure the reasons for practice physical activity and it is precised news works in the field of the non-competitive physical activity


Subject(s)
Humans , Motor Activity , Motivation , Exercise , Sports/psychology , Spain , Sex Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires
20.
Apuntes psicol ; 25(1): 35-51, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054558

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se trataron de establecer relaciones entre los elementos que definenla Teoría de las Metas de Logro de Nicholls y la Teoría de la Autodeterminación de Deciy Ryan, así como analizar las diferencias existentes en función de una serie de variablesdemográficas. Para ello se empleó una muestra de 413 deportistas de diversos deportescon edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 16 años, que respondieron el POSQ, PMCSQ-2y SMS. Los resultados revelan que los deportistas con un alto SDI muestran una mayororientación a la tarea y perciben en mayor medida un clima tarea que los deportistascon un bajo SDI, que tienen una mayor orientación al ego y una mayor percepción deun clima ego. Además, los chicos muestran una mayor orientación al ego y perciben unclima motivacional más implicante al ego que las chicas, que perciben un clima motivacionalmás implicante a la tarea y tienen un mayor SDI. También se ha encontrado quelos deportistas más jóvenes perciben un mayor clima tarea, y que un mayor tiempo depráctica se relaciona con un mayor SDI. Los deportistas de deportes colectivos tienenuna mayor orientación al ego y una mayor percepción de un clima ego, mientras que enlos deportes individuales es mayor la orientación a la tarea y el SDI


This paper is an attempt to establish relationships among elements that define theAchievement Goal Theory (Nicholls) and the Self-determination Theory (Deci & Ryan),as well as to analyze existing differences, depending on several demographic variables. Asample of 413 athletes of different sports, ranging in age from 12 to 16, who respondedthe POSQ, PMCSQ-2 and SMS, was used for it. The results reveal that athletes with high SDI show higher task orientation and perceive higher task-involving climate thanathletes with low SDI, who have higher ego orientation and higher ego-involving climateperception. Also, boys show higher ego orientation and perceive higher ego-involvingmotivational climate than girls, who perceive higher task-involving motivational climateand have higher SDI. It has also been found that youngest athletes perceive higher taskinvolvingclimate, and that higher practice time is related with higher SDI. Team sportathletes have higher ego orientation and higher ego-involving climate perception, whiletask orientation and SDI is higher in individual sports


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adolescent , Humans , Sports/psychology , Motivation , Achievement , Psychometrics/instrumentation
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