ABSTRACT
Lipases are triacylglycerol hydrolases that catalyze hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, and transesterification reactions. These enzymes are targets of several industrial and biotech applications, such as catalysts, detergent production, food, biofuels, wastewater treatment, and others. Microbial enzymes are preferable for large scale production due to ease of production and extraction. Several studies have reported that lipases from filamentous fungi are predominantly extracellular and highly active. However, there are many factors that interfere with enzyme production (pH, temperature, medium composition, agitation, aeration, inducer type, and concentration, etc.), making control difficult and burdening the process. This work aimed to optimize the lipase production of four fungal isolates from oily residues (Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., and Aspergillus sp.). The lipase-producing fungi isolates were morphologically characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal lipase production time curve was previously determined, and the response variable used was the amount of total protein in the medium after cultivation by submerged fermentation. A complete factorial design 32 was performed, evaluating the temperatures (28 °C, 32 °C, and 36 °C) and soybean oil inducer concentration (2%, 6%, and 10%). Each lipase-producing isolate reacted differently to the conditions tested, the Aspergillus sp. F18 reached maximum lipase production, compared to others, under conditions of 32 °C and 2% of oil with a yield of 11,007 (µg mL-1). Penicillium sp. F04 achieved better results at 36 °C and 6% oil, although for Aspergillus niger F16 was at 36 °C and 10% oil and Aspergillus sp. F21 at 32 °C and 2% oil. These results show that microorganisms isolated from oily residues derived from environmental sanitation can be a promising alternative for the large-scale production of lipases.
Subject(s)
Lipase , Oils , Aspergillus niger/metabolism , Biofuels , Esterification , Lipase/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: avaliar a associação entre o uso de álcool e outras drogas, variáveis sóciodemográficas e aspectos psicossociais, com o comportamento sexual de risco dos usuários. MÉTODOS: pesquisa quantitativa transversal, entrevistados 110 usuários de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPSad) com o instrumento Avaliação Global das Necessidades Individuais. Utilizou-se a Escala de Risco Sexual, características sociodemográficas, dias de uso de drogas e demais subescalas do instrumento. RESULTADOS: o comportamento sexual de risco foi significativo em usuários que estavam a mais dias em uso de crack, em situação de rua e mais graves em aspectos psicossociais. CONCLUSÃO: fatores do cotidiano dos usuários tem influências importantes sobre o comportamento sexual de risco e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the association between alcohol use and other drugs, socio-demographic variables and psychosocial aspects, with the users risky sexual behavior. METHODS: cross-sectional quantitative research, interviewed 110 users of a Center for Psychosocial Care in Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) with the Global Assessment of Individual Needs instrument. The Sexual Risk Scale, sociodemographic characteristics, days of drug use and other subscales of instrument were used. RESULTS: risky sexual behavior was significant in users who were more days on crack use, in homeless and more severe in psychosocial aspects. CONCLUSION: daily users factors have important influences on sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases.
OBJETIVOS: evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas, variables sociodemográficas y aspectos psicosociales, con los usuarios de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo. MÉTODOS: transversal de investigación cuantitativa, entrevistó a 110 usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial en Alcohol y Otras Drogas (CAPSad) con el instrumento de Evaluación Global de Necesidades Individuales. Se utilizaron la Escala de Riesgo Sexual, las características sociodemográficas, los días de consumo de drogas y otras subescalas del instrumento. RESULTADOS: el comportamiento sexual de riesgo fue significativo en usuarios que estuvieron más días en el uso de crack, en personas sin hogar y más graves en aspectos psicosociales. CONCLUSIÓN: los factores diarios de los usuarios tienen importantes influencias en el comportamiento de riesgo sexual y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual.
