Social Determinants of Health and Parenting Self-Efficacy Among Mothers of Preterm Infants.

Objective: To explore the relationships between social and environmental factors and parenting self-efficacy (PSE) among mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) using a social determinants of health (SDoH) framework. Method: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study that included 187 mother-infant dyads admitted to four NICUs in the Mountain West region between June 2017 and December 2019. We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the independent associations between maternal and infant characteristics and PSE. Results: Our final multiple linear regression model predicting the efficacy score including maternal race/ethnicity, age, insurance, employment status before giving birth, gestational age, depression, and having other children was significant (F(12,160) = 3.17, p = .0004, adjusted R¬2 = .131). Significant predictors of PSE were race/ethnicity (ß= 3.3, p = .022), having another child/children (ß= 4.2, p = .005), and depression (ß= -4.2, p = .004). Conclusions: Findings suggest that social workers and medical practitioners should consider SDoH, such as insurance type, household income, and employment, along with traditional clinical indicators when assessing families' infant care needs. Social workers, medical practitioners, and researchers should be mindful of how implicit bias may influence the allocation of care and parental supports.

Examining the Role of Post-Treatment Family Support in Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Families play a critical role in the health and well-being of adolescent and young adult (AYA)-aged survivors (13-39 years) of pediatric and AYA cancers during cancer treatment. However, little is known about the roles that families play post-treatment. It is important to expand an understanding on the roles of family support on post-treatment psychosocial health outcomes. This review aims to synthesize the current literature on family support on post-treatment psychosocial health outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search utilizing PubMed returned n = 15 peer-reviewed journal articles investigating parent and family psychosocial support roles post-treatment. Results: Parental support, family functioning, parental knowledge, and education in survivorship care are critical factors in lowering psychological and emotional distress, increasing identification of long-term risks associated with cancer treatment, and increasing autonomy and psychological growth and development. Conclusion: Results suggest that health care professionals should consider integrating factors such as assessment of family functioning and increasing parent education in post-treatment clinical assessments. Integrating family support when assessing a survivor's post-treatment supportive care needs may strengthen psychosocial survivorship care.

"All these people saved her life, but she needs me too": Understanding and responding to parental mental health in the NICU.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health needs of parents of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as well as barriers and solutions to meeting these needs. DESIGN: Qualitative interviews conducted with parents and staff (n = 15) from a level IV NICU in the Northwestern United States. Thematic analysis completed using an inductive approach, at a semantic level. RESULTS: (1) Information and mental health needs change over time, (2) Staff-parent relationships buffer trauma and distress, (3) Lack of continuity of care impacts response to mental health concerns, (4) NICU has a critical role in addressing parental mental health. CONCLUSION: Mental health support should be embedded and tailored to the NICU trajectory, with special attention to the discharge transition, parents living in rural areas, and non-English-speaking parents. Research should address structural factors that may impact mental health such as integration of wholistic services, language barriers, and staff capacity.

Nivel de conocimiento, actitud y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud respecto de la lactancia y la leche materna en una ciudad de Turquía: Estudio transversal / Knowledge level, attitude and own experience of health professionals about breastfeeding and breast milk in a city of Turkey: Cross-sectional study

Introducción. El consenso mundial acerca de la lactancia materna es que el bebé debe ser exclusivamente amamantado hasta los seis meses de vida. A pesar de ello, la tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva es baja durante los primeros seis meses de vida en muchos países, incluida Turquía. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las experiencias de los profesionales sanitarios en relación con la lactancia y la leche materna en una ciudad metropolitana de Turquía. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio se llevó a cabo entre julio de 2012 y diciembre de 2013. Los sujetos del estudio fueron profesionales de la salud que trabajaban en hospitales universitarios, hospitales de formación e investigación, hospitales públicos y privados, centros de servicios para niños, adolescentes, mujeres y de servicios de salud reproductiva, centros de salud general y centros de salud comunitarios ubicados en Ankara. Los datos se recogieron por medio de un cuestionario. El programa SPSS 11.5 se utilizó para el análisis estadístico. Resultados. En total, 715 personas participaron en este estudio. Entre los que tenían hijos propios, el 3,4% (n= 16) no había amamantado a sus bebés y el 7,6% (n= 36) había amamantado a sus bebés hasta el segundo año de vida. Se observó que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la lactancia y la lecha materna era deficiente en el 28,4% de los participantes, promedio en el 43,1% y adecuado en el 28,5%. Conclusión. Este estudio refleja la falta de conocimiento acerca de la lactancia y la leche materna entre los profesionales de la salud de Turquía. Si bien la gran mayoría de los participantes están de acuerdo con la recomendación de la OMS acerca de la duración de la lactancia materna, el porcentaje de profesionales de la salud que amamantaron durante el período recomendado fue muy bajo.

Introduction: Worldwide consensus about breastfeeding is that the infant should exclusively be breastfed until six months of life. Despite this, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of age is low in so many countries including Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, the attitudes and the own experiences of health professionals about breastfeeding and breast milk, in a metropolitan city in Turkey. Materials and methods: This study was performed between July 2012 and December 2013. Study subjects included healthprofessionals working in the university hospitals, research and training hospitals, public and private hospitals; child, adolescent, women and reproductive health services centers, family health centers, and community health centers located in Ankara. A questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 11.5 package program was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 715 people participated in this study. From those who had children themselves 3.4% (n= 16) had not breastfed their babies at all, and 7.6% (n= 36) had breastfed their baby until second year of age. It was found that 28.4% of the participants had poor, 43.1% had average and 28.5% had good knowledge level about breastfeeding and breast milk. Conclusion: This study reflects the lack of knowledge about breastfeeding and breast milk among the health professionals in Turkey. Although a great majority of participants agree the recommendation of WHO about the duration ofbreastfeeding, the percentage ofbreastfeeding of health care professionals during recommended period was very low.

Knowledge level, attitude and own experience of health professionals about breastfeeding and breast milk in a city of Turkey: Cross-sectional study. / Nivel de conocimiento, actitud y experiencias de los profesionales de la salud respecto de la lactancia y la leche materna en una ciudad de Turquía: Estudio transversal.

INTRODUCTION: Worldwide consensus about breastfeeding is that the infant should exclusively be breastfed until six months of life. Despite this, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of age is low in so many countries including Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, the attitudes and the own experiences of health professionals about breastfeeding and breast milk, in a metropolitan city in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed between July 2012 and December 2013. Study subjects included healthprofessionals working in the university hospitals, research and training hospitals, public and private hospitals; child, adolescent, women and reproductive health services centers, family health centers, and community health centers located in Ankara. A questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 11.5 package program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 715 people participated in this study. From those who had children themselves 3.4% (n= 16) had not breastfed their babies at all, and 7.6% (n= 36) had breastfed their baby until second year of age. It was found that 28.4% of the participants had poor, 43.1% had average and 28.5% had good knowledge level about breastfeeding and breast milk. CONCLUSION: This study reflects the lack of knowledge about breastfeeding and breast milk among the health professionals in Turkey. Although a great majority of participants agree the recommendation of WHO about the duration ofbreastfeeding, the percentage ofbreastfeeding of health care professionals during recommended period was very low.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El consenso mundial acerca de la lactancia materna es que el bebé debe ser exclusivamente amamantado hasta los seis meses de vida. A pesar de ello, la tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva es baja durante los primeros seis meses de vida en muchos países, incluida Turquía. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las experiencias de los profesionales sanitarios en relación con la lactancia y la leche materna en una ciudad metropolitana de Turquía. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Este estudio se llevó a cabo entre julio de 2012 y diciembre de 2013. Los sujetos del estudio fueron profesionales de la salud que trabajaban en hospitales universitarios, hospitales de formación e investigación, hospitales públicos y privados, centros de servicios para niños, adolescentes, mujeres y de servicios de salud reproductiva, centros de salud general y centros de salud comunitarios ubicados en Ankara. Los datos se recogieron por medio de un cuestionario. El programa SPSS 11.5 se utilizó para el análisis estadístico. RESULTADOS: En total, 715 personas participaron en este estudio. Entre los que tenían hijos propios, el 3,4% (n= 16) no había amamantado a sus bebés y el 7,6% (n= 36) había amamantado a sus bebés hasta el segundo año de vida. Se observó que el nivel de conocimiento sobre la lactancia y la lecha materna era deficiente en el 28,4% de los participantes, promedio en el 43,1% y adecuado en el 28,5%. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio refleja la falta de conocimiento acerca de la lactancia y la leche materna entre los profesionales de la salud de Turquía. Si bien la gran mayoría de los participantes están de acuerdo con la recomendación de la OMS acerca de la duración de la lactancia materna, el porcentaje de profesionales de la salud que amamantaron durante el período recomendado fue muy bajo.