Thyroid Paraganglioma Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy, Correlated With Histopathological Findings: Report of a Case.

Thyroid paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors. They are difficult to diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and can be misdiagnosed as other types of thyroid disease. Here, we present an unusual case of primary thyroid paraganglioma diagnosed by FNAB. A 66-year-old woman presented with multinodular goiter. Ultrasound (US)-guided FNAB of the 3 cm nodule in the superior portion of the right lobe of the thyroid was performed. The cytological smears showed single cells or loose clusters of round to ovoid cells with oval granular nuclei. To differentiate between thyroid paraganglioma and other thyroid neoplasms, cell block material from the FNAB specimen was immunohistochemically stained with antibodies to thyroglobulin, calcitonin (CT), AE1-AE3, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), synaptophysin, chromogranin A (CH-A), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and S-100. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for synaptophysin, CH-A, NSE, and S-100, and negative for thyroglobulin, CT, AE1-AE3, PTH, CEA, and TTF-1. Congo red staining was also negative. Paraganglioma and other neuroendocrine neoplasms were considered in the differential diagnosis. A total thyroidectomy was performed, and a final diagnosis of paraganglioma was made. Paraganglioma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the thyroid and should be considered in the differential diagnosis based on cytology of thyroid neuroendocrine tumors. Immunohistochemistry should be performed when making a diagnosis of thyroid paraganglioma, particularly when evaluating fine-needle aspiration smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:643-647. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Intraductal papilloma of the parotid gland in a child.

Intraductal papillomas are rare benign tumors, most commonly encountered in minor salivary glands and rarely in major salivary glands. They are cystic, solitary neoplasm that arise from ductal epithelium and produce painless swelling. We report a case of intraductal papilloma of the parotid gland in a child.

Inventory of emissions of primary air pollutants in the city of Kocaeli, Turkey.

This study aims to obtain a reliable inventory of the emission rates of the principal air pollutants including PM, SO2, NOx) and CO in Kocaeli, Turkey. In the first stage, the pollutant sources classified as point, area and line sources are determined in the area. Then the annual emission rates of the pollutants released from these sources are estimated by the emission factors given by USEPA and CORINAIR. Results show that the annual emission rates for PM, SO2, NOx) and CO are 2195 tons, 5342 tons, 14632 tons and 23095 tons, respectively. On the other hand, the pollutant group with the highest contribution to total emission rate is determined as the point sources for NOx, which is responsible for 73% of total NOx emission, while it is the area sources for PM, SO2 and CO with the contribution percentages of 75, 76 and 69, respectively.

An investigation of halogens in Izmit hazardous and clinical waste incinerator.

In the combustion facilities, halogens (Cl, F, Br, I) should be considered with regard to the control of the compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), halogenated polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and volatile heavy metals formed as a result of incomplete combustion and caused adverse environmental effects. In this study halogens were observed in Izmit Hazardous and Clinical Waste Incinerator (IZAYDAS). Halogen contents of the combustion menu, flue gas, fly ash, bottom ash and filter cake were measured and their distributions in these exit streams were determined. Results showed that the major part of the halogens was partitioned to solid residues, i.e., bottom ash and filter cake which represents the removal by wet scrubbers. Fly ash and flue gas fractions of halogens were much lower due to the reduced formation of volatile compounds.