ABSTRACT
The etiologic agents of tinea capitis have traditionally been very stable with respect to geographic boundaries, with different anthropophilic or zoophilic species serving as the primary agents in particular countries and even continents. With recent increases in immigration and international travel, these traditional patterns are being challenged. We report a case of tinea capitis due to Trichophyton soudanense in a West-African-born boy living in Chicago, Illinois.
Subject(s)
Tinea Capitis/microbiology , Africa, Western/ethnology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Chicago , Child , Griseofulvin/therapeutic use , Humans , Ketoconazole/therapeutic use , Male , Tinea Capitis/drug therapy , Trichophyton/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
We present a 14-month-old female child who developed multiple erythematous nodules on her abdomen 5 months after liver and small bowel transplantation. Skin biopsy revealed a dense infiltrate of large cells in the dermal and subcutaneous layers with frequent mitotic figures. The cells were noted to have abundant cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and open chromatin. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD138, CD56, Ki67 (>90%), and lambda chain restriction. Rare mature B cells (CD20) and rare T cells (CD3) were noted. She was diagnosed with high-grade post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder most consistent with plasmablastic lymphoma.
Subject(s)
Gastroschisis/surgery , Intestine, Small/transplantation , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Lymphoma/pathology , Plasma Cells/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , B-Lymphocytes/pathology , Biopsy , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Infant , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Skin/pathology , Stomach Volvulus/surgery , T-Lymphocytes/pathologyABSTRACT
The introduction of biologic therapies for psoriasis has revolutionized the treatment of plaque psoriasis. These changes in our drug armamentarium have resulted in the need for dermatologists to have a through command of knowledge regarding tuberculosis given the potential for reactivation with this class of medications. The focus of this review is to update dermatologists on pertinent information regarding the microbiology, immunology, screening, and recognition of the clinical presentations of tuberculosis. The current literature regarding the occurrence of tuberculosis with biologics, specifically antitumor necrosis factor therapy, is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the different clinical presentations between newly acquired tuberculosis versus reactivation of latent disease while receiving these medications. Given the ever-widening use of biologic therapy in our specialty, we must be capable of rapidly identifying infected patients, including those with asymptomatic latent disease. The failure to screen for tuberculosis before the initiation of biologic therapy may result in adverse outcomes for both the patient and the overall health of our communities.
Subject(s)
Biological Therapy/adverse effects , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Tuberculosis , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Interferon-gamma/analysis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/chemically induced , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Opportunistic Infections/immunology , Psoriasis/drug therapy , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Tuberculin Test , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/etiology , Tuberculosis/immunologyABSTRACT
Favus is an uncommon pattern of dermatophytic infection of the scalp, glabrous skin and nails. We report the first documented case of favus of the scalp caused by Microsporum canis in an immunocompetent 8-year-old girl. The classic and various atypical clinical presentations of favus are discussed, as well as a brief review of the literature given.
