ABSTRACT
In recent years, several studies have shown that the incidence of buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is increasing. Impulsivity is one of the factors involved in its aetiology and is related to emotional dependence. In addition, early affective deprivation may trigger emotional dependence. The aims of the present study weresal: to compare the types of attachment, levels of emotional dependence, impulsivity and BSD according to sex; to determine whether the proposed relational model is fulfilled; and analyse possible differences in this model in terms of the sample's sex. The sample consisted of 1498 adolescents (53.8% men and 46.2% women) from Ecuador whose age ranged from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.77, SD = 1.21). The results showed that a preoccupied attachment style is indirectly related to a higher risk of BSD due to emotional dependence when impulsivity levels are medium or high because emotional dependence is moderated by impulsivity. The study variables are related in the same way in men and women but boys show higher levels of preoccupied attachment, impulsivity, emotional dependence and BSD. This study gives us a clearer picture of how these variables are related and provides information that could be of great use in assisting people with BSD. This knowledge could be applied to improve both the treatment and prevention of this problem.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction/objective: Few studies address the relationship between attachment and impulsiveness in adolescence. Therefore, the objectives of this study have been to study the relationship between attachment, early maladaptive schemas, and impulsiveness, as well as to verify the predictive role of the first two on impulsiveness. Lastly, the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between attachment and impulsiveness is studied. Method: The sample is 1533 adolescents from Ecuador (826 men and 707 women), between 14 and 18 years of age (M = 15.76, SD = 1.25). The following questionnaires were used to measure the study variables: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Results: The results reflect how safety, the value of parental authority, parental permissiveness, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents, childhood trauma and the negative/pessimistic schema predict impulsive behaviour. The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas is also confirmed. Conclusions: Knowledge of the role of early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles as risk or vulnerability factors involved in the establishment of impulsive behaviour is very useful in order to implement preventive strategies and an appropriate therapeutic approach.
Resumen Introducción/objetivo: Son escasos los estudios que abordan la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad en la adolescencia. Por ello, los objetivos del estudio han sido estudiar la relación entre el apego, las estructuras inadaptadas tempranas y la impulsividad, así como comprobar el papel predictivo de los dos primeros sobre la impulsividad. Por último, se estudia el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos en la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad. Método: La muestra es de 1533 adolescentes de Ecuador (826 hombres y 707 mujeres), con edades entre los 14 y 18 años (M = 15.76, DT = 1.25). Se emplearon los siguientes cuestionarios para medir las variables de estudio: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Resultados: Los resultados reflejan como la seguridad, el valor a la autoridad parental, la permisividad parental, la autosuficiencia y rencor contra los padres, el traumatismo infantil y el esquema negatividad/pesimismo predicen la conducta impulsiva. Asimismo, se confirma el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos. Conclusiones: El conocimiento del papel que cumplen los esquemas inadaptados tempranos y los estilos de apego como factores de riesgo o vulnerabilidad implicados en el establecimiento de la conducta impulsiva resulta de gran utilidad de cara a implementar estrategias preventivas y un enfoque terapéutico adecuado.
ABSTRACT
El consumo de sustancias entre los adolescentes supone un grave problema social que podría relacionarse con la dependencia emocional, estilos de apego y dificultades en la regulación emocional. De esta forma, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar la relación y el papel predictivo de la dependencia emocional, apego y regulación emocional sobre el consumo de sustancias el último mes. Además, se analizaron las diferencias en función del género y edad en todas las variables del estudio. Igualmente, se comprobó el papel mediador de la regulación emocional y los estilos de apego en la relación entre la dependencia emocional y el consumo de sustancias. La muestra empleada estaba compuesta por 1.533 adolescentes escolarizados, 826 hombres y 707 mujeres con edades entre los 13 y los 22 años (M = 15.76, DT = 1.25). Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva entre el consumo de sustancias y la dependencia emocional. Del mismo modo, las personas consumidoras de sustancias manifestaron relaciones positivas con las dificultades de regulación emocional, así como, con los estilos de apego de permisividad parental, autosuficiencia y rencor contra los padres y traumatismo infantil y relaciones negativas con la seguridad, preocupación familiar, interferencia parental y valor a la autoridad parental
Substance use among adolescents is a serious social problem that may be related to emotional dependence, attachment styles and diffi-culties in emotional regulation. Thus, the objectives of this study were to analyse the relationship and predictive role of emotional dependence, at-tachment and emotional regulation on substance use in the last month. In addition, gender and age differences were analysed in all variables of the study. The mediating role of emotional regulation and attachment styles in the relationship between emotional dependence and substance use was al-so verified. The sample used was made up of 1.533 schooled adolescents, 826 men and 707 women with ages ranging from 13 to 22 years (M = 15.76, SD = 1.25). The results showed a positive relationship between sub-stance use and emotional dependence. Similarly, substance users showed positive relationships with the difficulties of emotional regulation, as well as, with the attachment styles of parental permissiveness, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents and child trauma, and negative relation-ships with secure attachment, family concern, parental interference and value to parental authority
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Dependency, Psychological , Object Attachment , Emotions , Self-Control/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reference Values , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Parent-Child Relations , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
El objetivo de la presente investigación es estudiar las relaciones entre la adicción al sexo, las dificultades en su regulación emocional (DRE), los esquemas inadaptados tempranos (EIT) y la dependencia emocional (DE). Se lleva a cabo un estudio de diseño no experimental, correlacional de corte transversal, en una muestra de 1.519 adolescentes escolarizados, 54% hombres (n = 820) y 46% mujeres (n = 699), con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 18 años (M = 15.77, DT = 1.22). Los instrumentos de evaluación empleados han sido: MULTICAGE CAD 4 (Pedrero Pérez et al., 2007), Escala de dificultades en la regulación emocional -DRES (Gratz y Romer, 2004; adaptación española realizada por Gómez-Simón, Penelo y de la Osa, 2014), Cuestionario de esquemas, forma reducida, -SQ-SF (Young y Brown, 1994; adaptación española realizada por Cid y Torrubia, 2002) y la Escala de dependencia emocional en el noviazgo de jóvenes y adolescentes - DEN (Urbiola, Estévez e Iraurgi, 2014). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto las relaciones significativas entre DRE, EIT y DE. Se han encontrado diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Los resultados de este estudio aportan evidencias sobre las relaciones existentes entre las dificultades en la regulación emocional, los esquemas inadaptados tempranos, la dependencia emocional y la inexistente, posible, muy probable o segura adicción al sexo. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados y se plantean retos para futuras investigaciones
The objective of this research is to study the relationships between addiction to sex, difficulties in its emotional regulation (DER), early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and emotional dependence (ED). A non-experimental design study is carried out with cross-sectional correlation in a sample of 1,519 adolescents at school, 54% boys (n = 820) and 46% girls (n = 699), aged between 14 and 18 years (M = 15.77, SD = 1.22). The evaluation instruments employed were MULTICAGE CAD 4 (Pedrero Pérez et al., 2007), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale -DERS (Gratz and Romer, 2004; Spanish adaptation by Gómez-Simón, Peneda and de la Osa, 2014), Schema Questionnaire Short Form -SQ-SF (Young and Brown, 1994; Spanish adaptation by Cid and Torrubia, 2002) and the Scale of emotional dependence in the courtship of the young and adolescents -DEN (Urbiola, Estévez and Iraurgi, 2014). The results reveal the significant relationships between DER, EMS and ED. Differences between men and women have been found. The results of this study provide evidence of the relationships between difficulties in emotional regulation, early maladaptive schemas, emotional dependence and non-existent, possible, highly probable or safe sex addiction. The implications of these results are discussed and challenges arise for further research
