ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental presence on the incidence of emergence delirium (ED) of children in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). DESIGN: A quasi-experimental pretest and post-test study with nonequivalent and nonsynchronized control groups. METHODS: About 93 children aged 3 to 6 years undergoing general anesthesia for tonsillectomy were divided into two groups: parental presence and absence. ED was recorded using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale at 0, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after PACU admission. FINDINGS: ED score at each time point in the experimental group was lower than the control group, but not statistically significant. ED score in the experimental group significantly decreased over time (F = 6.98; P = .010). CONCLUSIONS: Parental visitation programs could be effective on the degree of ED in children in the PACU setting. This result may contribute to the establishment of PACU visitation program policy in South Korea.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General/methods , Emergence Delirium/epidemiology , Parents , Tonsillectomy/methods , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Recovery Room , Republic of Korea , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is common in women with reproductive age and it affects the normal life. Psychosocial interventions are recommended for some women who experience less severe PMS. So far, no meta-analyses have investigated the effect of overall psychosocial interventions on the severity of PMS as an outcome. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention for PMS. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMED, CINAHL, EMbase and PsycINFO in December 2016, following methodological guidelines outlined in the literature ( www.york.ac.uk/crd/ guidance). The primary outcome was the severity of PMS. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Results: Pooled effects of 11 psychosocial interventions (n = 324) showed statistically significant beneficial effects on the severity of PMS (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.13, I2 = 27%). Participants who received coping skills training had significantly low severity of PMS than the control group (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.28, p < .001, I2 = 3%). There were no effects found for education program nor social support intervention. Discussion: Psychosocial interventions, especially coping skills training for women with PMS, were effective in reducing the severity of PMS. However, needed caution due to the small number of studies.
