Examining Whether AOSLO-Based Foveal Cone Metrics in Achromatopsia and Albinism Are Representative of Foveal Cone Structure.

Purpose: Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) imaging in patients with achromatopsia (ACHM) and albinism is not always successful. Here, we tested whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of foveal structure differed between patients for whom AOSLO images were either quantifiable or unquantifiable. Methods: The study included 166 subjects (84 with ACHM; 82 with albinism) with previously acquired OCT scans, AOSLO images, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, if available). Foveal OCT scans were assessed for outer retinal structure, outer nuclear layer thickness, and hypoplasia. AOSLO images were graded as quantifiable if a peak cone density could be measured and/or usable if the location of peak density could be identified and the parafoveal mosaic was quantifiable. Results: Forty-nine percent of subjects with ACHM and 57% of subjects with albinism had quantifiable AOSLO images. Older age and better BCVA were found in subjects with quantifiable AOSLO images for both ACHM (P = 0.0214 and P = 0.0276, respectively) and albinism (P = 0.0073 and P < 0.0004, respectively). There was a significant trend between ellipsoid zone appearance and ability to quantify AOSLO (P = 0.0028). In albinism, OCT metrics of cone structure did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Previously reported AOSLO-based cone density measures in ACHM may not necessarily reflect the degree of remnant cone structure in these patients. Translational Relevance: Until AOSLO is successful in all patients with ACHM and albinism, the possibility of the reported data from a particular cohort not being representative of the entire population remains an important issue to consider when interpreting results from AOSLO studies.

Ventilación mecánica convencional en recién nacidos muy bajo peso ingresados en el hospital provincial Dr Ernesto Guevara de la Serna / Conventional mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants in Dr Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Hospital

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, para determinar el comportamiento de los recién nacidos muy bajo peso, ventilados en modalidades convencionales en el Hospital General Docente Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, en el período de enero de 2010 a julio de 2012. El universo estuvo constituido por 104 recién nacidos vivos muy bajo peso, tomándose como muestra a los 66 recién nacidos muy bajo peso que necesitaron apoyo ventilatorio. Las principales variables a estudiar fueron las causas de la ventilación, peso al nacer, edad gestacional, sexo, modalidades empleadas, supervivencia y complicaciones presentadas en estos recién nacidos. Se concluyó que la causa más frecuente de intubación y ventilación fue la depresión respiratoria neonatal (33,3 por ciento), el peso que predominó fue entre 1251 y 1500 gramos, prevaleció el recién nacido ventilado de 32 y más semanas (40,9 por ciento), del sexo masculino, la modalidad más utilizada fue la asistida/controlada y se alcanzó mayor sobrevida en las modalidades con soporte de presión y presión positiva continua, con un 100 por ciento. Las complicaciones presentadas con mayor frecuencia fueron la atelectasia y la neumonía nosocomial (AU)

A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in order to determine the results of conventional mechanical ventilation in very low birth weight infants in Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna Hospital, from January, 2010 to July, 2012. From a universe of 104 live very low birth weight infants, a sample of 60 newborns who needed ventilation support was selected. The main variables studied were the causes for ventilation, birth weight, gestational age, sex, modalities of ventilation, survival and complications arisen on the patients. It was found that the most frequent cause of intubation and ventilation was neonatal respiratory depression (33,3 percent), the most common weight was between 1251 and 1500 g, ventilated newborns with a gestational age of 32 weeks or more prevailed (40,9 percent), mostly males, and predominating the assisted/controlled modality. Best survival was accomplished with the modalities related to pressure support and continuous positive airway pressure, in 100 percent. Atelectasis and nosocomial pneumonia were the most frequent complications (AU)

Quantification of color vision using a tablet display.

BACKGROUND: Accurate color vision is essential for optimal performance in aviation and space environments using nonredundant color coding to convey critical information. Most color tests detect color vision deficiency (CVD) but fail to diagnose type or severity of CVD, which are important to link performance to occupational demands. The computer-based Cone Contrast Test (CCT) diagnoses type and severity of CVD. It is displayed on a netbook computer for clinical application, but a more portable version may prove useful for deployments, space and aviation cockpits, as well as accident and sports medicine settings. Our purpose was to determine if the CCT can be conducted on a tablet display (Windows 8, Microsoft, Seattle, WA) using touch-screen response input. METHODS: The CCT presents colored letters visible only to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) sensitive retinal cones to determine the lowest R, G, and B cone contrast visible to the observer. The CCT was measured in 16 color vision normals (CVN) and 16 CVDs using the standard netbook computer and a Windows 8 tablet display calibrated to produce equal color contrasts. RESULTS: Both displays showed 100% specificity for confirming CVN and 100% sensitivity for detecting CVD. In CVNs there was no difference between scores on netbook vs. tablet displays. G cone CVDs showed slightly lower G cone CCT scores on the tablet. CONCLUSIONS: CVD can be diagnosed with a tablet display. Ease-of-use, portability, and complete computer capabilities make tablets ideal for multiple settings, including aviation, space, military deployments, accidents and rescue missions, and sports vision. Chacon A, Rabin J, Yu D, Johnston S, Bradshaw T. Quantification of color vision using a tablet display.

Modalidades de la ventilación mecánica neonatal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales / Modalities of neonatal mechanical ventilation at the neonatal intensive care unit

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal, para describir el comportamiento de las modalidades de ventilación mecánica convencional, aplicadas a los recién nacidos, ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) del Hospital Dr Ernesto Guevara, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2009. El universo de estudio estuvo integrado por 163 recién nacidos, y la muestra quedó conformada por 86 recién nacidos ventilados en dicho período. Se determinó que la incidencia de la ventilación mecánica convencional en los neonatos ingresados en la UCIN fue alta. Predominó el grupo de pacientes ventilados en la modalidad asistida controlada. El mayor número de recién nacidos se ventiló por menos de tres días, y la mayor sobrevida se alcanzó en la modalidad con soporte de presión (AU)

A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out to describe the behavior of the modalities of conventional mechanical ventilation applied to newborn babies admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Dr Ernesto Guevara Hospital, between January, 2008 and December, 2009. The study universe was composed by 163 newborn babies, and the sample included 86 newborn babies ventilated during the above mentioned period. The study determined that the incidence of conventional mechanical ventilation in the newborns at the NICU was high and there was a predominance of the patients ventilated using the controlled assisted modality. The biggest number of newborn babies was ventilated for less than three days, and most of the survivors were treated with the pressure support modality (AU)

Modalidades de la ventilación mecánica neonatal en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales / Modalities of neonatal mechanical ventilation at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal, para describir el comportamiento de las modalidades de ventilación mecánica convencional, aplicadas a los recién nacidos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) del Hospital Dr Ernesto Guevara, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2009. El universo de estudio estuvo integrado por 163 recién nacidos ingresados en la UCIN y la muestra quedó conformada por 86 recién nacidos ventilados en dicho período. Se determinó que la incidencia de la ventilación mecánica convencional en los neonatos ingresados en la UCIN fue alta. Predominó el grupo de pacientes ventilados en la modalidad asistida controlada. El mayor número de recién nacidos se ventiló por menos de tres días y la mayor sobrevida se alcanzó en la modalidad con soporte de presión(AU)

A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out to describe the behavior of the modalities of conventional mechanical ventilation used in newborns at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dr Ernesto Guevara Hospital from January 2008 to December 2009. The universe of study was constituted by 163 newborns admitted at the NICU and the sample consisted of 86 newborns were mechanically ventilated during the period. It was determined that the incidence of mechanical ventilation in the newborns of the NICU was high. There was a prevalence of the patients ventilated using the controlled assisted modality. Most of the newborns received ventilation for less than 3 days and most of the survivors were treated with the pressure support modality(AU)

Enfermedad de la membrana hialina: síndrome del pulmón inmaduro / Sickness of the hyaline membrane: syndrome of the inmature lung

Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de tipo transversal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital General Docente “ Dr Ernesto Guevara de la Serna” en Las Tunas, desde el primero de enero del 2003 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2005, con el objetivo de determinar las características de la población neonatal con enfermedad de membrana hialina. Se tomó como universo a todos los nacidos en el período y la muestra quedó constituía por los 31 recién nacidos con enfermedad de la membrana hialina .Predominó la edad gestacional de menos de 28 semanas y el peso al nacer inferior a 1500 gramos fue el más frecuentemente encontrado. El 61.3 por ciento de los pacientes no recibió tratamiento prenatal inductores de la madurez pulmonar. Predominó el nacimiento por cesárea. Se obtuvo una respuesta favorable en la mayoría de los pacientes con el uso de surfacen. El mayor número de pacientes requirió asistencia ventilatoria(AU)

An observational, descriptive and transversal study was carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at ¨Dr Ernesto Guevara de la Serna ¨ General Hospital in Las Tunas, from January the 1st, 2003 to December the 31st, 2005 . The universal set was taken as all newborns in the aforementioned period and the sample consisted of 31 newborns with Hyaline Membrane Disease. There was predominance in the gestation period less than 28 weeks and the weight inferior to 1500 grams was most frequently encountered. 61.3 per sent of the patients did not receive prenatal treatment with betametazona .There was a predominance in Cesarian -section births. The majority of the patients obtained a favourable response with the use of surfacen. The Major number of patients required ventilatory assistance. Aggravated jaundice was the most frequent complication, followed by Re-opening of the Ductus Arteriosus(AU)