ABSTRACT
Introducción: el embarazo en la adolescencia se considera en la actualidad una preocupación para el Sistema Nacional de Salud, afectando en gran medida a la familia como célula fundamental de la sociedad, así como a la salud propiamente dicha. Este fenómeno se manifiesta a nivel global y Cuba no está exenta. Se considera la maternidad temprana un problema culturalmente complejo que actúa desfavorablemente sobre la salud reproductiva de las adolescentes y la familiar, propiciando una disfuncionalidad en la misma, y en la dirección del desarrollo de un país, al afectar los índices de mortalidad materna y del recién nacido. Objetivo: profundizar en el embarazo de la adolescencia y de su inseparable unión entre la familia y la sociedad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica donde se consultaron las bases de datos incluidas en los servicios LILACS, EBSCO e HINARI, y se alcanzó muy buena cobertura, tanto en Cuba como en Latinoamérica, el Caribe y en el resto del mundo. Conclusiones: el embarazo en la adolescencia representa un impacto negativo sobre la condición física, emocional y económica de los adolescentes, que a su vez involucra a la familia y a la sociedad y constituye un problema social y médico(AU)
Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is considered today a concern for the National Health System, greatly affecting the family as the fundamental unit of society, and health itself. This is a global phenomenon and Cuba is not exempt. Early motherhood is considered a culturally complex problem that acts unfavorably on the reproductive health of adolescents and family, prompting a dysfunction, and the direction of development of a country, by affecting the rates of maternal and newborn mortality. Objective: Deepen on teenage pregnancy and inseparable union between family and society. Methods: A literature review was conducted to consult LILACS, EBSCO, and HINARI databases reaching a very good coverage, both in Cuba, Latin America, the Caribbean and elsewhere. Conclusion: pregnancy in adolescence represents a negative impact on the physical, emotional and economic status of adolescents, involving in turn family and society and it constitutes a social and health problem(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Family Health , Pregnancy in Adolescence/psychology , SocietiesABSTRACT
El embarazo en edades tempranas se ha convertido en un problema social y de salud pública de alcance mundial, que afecta a la familia en gran medida como célula fundamental de la sociedad; lo que constituye un reto de gran envergadura. En la actualidad es de gran importancia abordar el periodo de la adolescencia, dada la trascendencia de este grupo etario para el desarrollo y su impacto en la población mundial, particular, en América Latina, el Caribe y Cuba. La maternidad temprana afecta directo a los indicadores perinatales maternos y la salud familiar, propicia una disfuncionalidad en la misma. Describir la repercusión que tiene sobre la familia y la sociedad el embarazo en la adolescencia, fue el objetivo de la investigación. Mediante el resultado del análisis crítico de la información disponible sobre el tema en la bibliografía consultada, se demuestra cómo las consecuencias de este problema repercuten en la calidad de vida de la joven madre y de su familia; determina un riesgo importante para su descendencia. Es por ello que se hace necesario comenzar las acciones relacionadas con estos aspectos a partir de la célula básica de la sociedad, que es la familia, pues constituye el primer grupo al cual pertenece el ser humano. Se necesita imprescindible el papel de los profesionales de la enfermería a nivel de los consultorios del médico de familia, como un elemento clave para la prevención del embarazo precoz, mediante la labor educativa y otras acciones que contribuyan a la prevención. Fueron consultadas las bases de datos LILACS, EBSCO e HINARI.
The pregnancy at an early agehas become a social and public health problem of worldwide reach, greatly affecting the family as the fundamental unit of society which constitutes a far-reaching challenge.At the present, it is vital to discuss the teen-age period, due tothis age group transcendence for developmental and its impact in the world population, individual, in Latin America, The Caribbean, and Cuba. Early maternity have a direct effect on the perinatal maternal indicators and the family health, it propitiatesfamily malfunctioning.Describing the repercussion that the pregnancy in adolescence has on the family and the society was the objective of this study. Data bases such as LILACS, EBSCO and HINARI were consulted. By means of the result of critical analysis of the available topical information in the consulted bibliography,it is provided evidence of how the consequences of this problem have influence upon the quality of life of the young mother and of her family; it determine an important risk for her descendants.Consequently, it becomes necessary to begin the actions related with these aspects from the basic cell of the society, which it is the family, because it is the first group a human being belongs to.The role of nurse professionals at family doctor offices proves to be itself indispensable for preventing early pregnancy, by means of the educational work and other actions than go towards prevention.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia/adverse effects , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Analgesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Anesthetics/adverse effects , Heart Rate, Fetal/drug effects , Adult , Blood Pressure/physiology , Echocardiography , Female , Humans , PregnancyABSTRACT
The traditional diagnostic tests for tuberculosis consist of an acid fast stain and a culture test from a sputum sample. With the emergence of drug resistant strains of tuberculosis, nucleic acid amplification has become the diagnostic test of choice. The nucleic acid amplification test consists of four steps: sputum sample collection, lysis of bacilli to release DNA, DNA amplification by PCR and detection of PCR products. The DNA extraction step has been largely overlooked and this study describes a systematic approach to measure the kinetics of cell lysis in a Tris-EDTA buffer. Mycobacterium smegmatis is a saphorytic, fast-growing mycobacterium that is often used as a surrogate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in laboratory studies. M. smegmatis cells have been transformed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes. Transformed cells are lysed in a temperature-controlled cuvette that is equipped with optical input/output. The fluorescence signal increases when the GFP is released from lysed cells, and the extent of lysis of the loaded cells can be followed in real time. The experimental results are complemented by two theoretical models. The first model is based on a Monte Carlo simulation of the lysis process and the accompanying probability density function as described by the Fokker-Planck equation. The second model follows a chemical reaction engineering approach: the cell wall is modeled as layers, where each layer is made up of 'blocks'. Blocks can only be removed if they are exposed to the lysis solution and the model describes the rate of block exposure and removal. Both models are consistent with the experimental results. The main findings are: (1) the activation energy for M. smegmatis lysis by Tris-EDTA buffer is 22.1kcal/mole, (2) cells lyse on the average after 14-17% loss in cell wall thickness locally, (3) with the help of the models, the initial distribution in cell wall thickness of the population can be resolved, (4) near complete lysis of the cells is accomplished in 200 seconds at 80°C (90 seconds at 90°C). The results can be used to design an optimal lysis protocol that compromises between shorter processing times at higher temperature and reduced thermal damage to DNA at lower temperature.
ABSTRACT
La comprobada acción local de la lodopovidona sobre las proteínas y su efecto antiexudativo en el linfocele, complicación del paciente transplantado renal, nos indujó a usarlo en el tratamiento del hidrocele. En esta experiencia se realizó un ensayo clínico prospectivo en doce pacientes de la consulta urológica del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, con hidroceles no complicados, los cuales fueron tratados con lodopovidona al 10 por ciento, localmente después de aspirar su contenido. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados pre y postoperatoriamente por examen clínico y ultrasonido escrotal. En control a los 2 y 4 meses probó la acción eficaz de la lodopovidona en la resolución completa del hidrocele, sin complicaciones importantes ni efectos colaterales
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Sclerotherapy , Scrotum , Testicular Hydrocele/diagnosis , UrologyABSTRACT
The authors analyze 35 cases of priapism treated in the University Hospital of Caracas and conclude that this condition is a surgical emergency because the long-term results in regard to the preservation of the erectile function seem to be directly related to early drainage of the corpora cavernosa. We prefer shunting operations, particularly the glans-cavernous techniques, because of their technical simplicity.
