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BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common in females than males and predominantly based on their unhealthy practices in their day to day lives. This study is trying to assess the occurrence of UTI and strategies used by female student to prevent UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a tertiary care teaching institute. A total of 338 conveniently selected B. Sc. Nursing and MBBS Medical students were surveyed. The data were collected by using a pretested, a self-structured questionnaire related to occurrence and practices to prevent UTI along with necessary demographic details. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square test) statistics was used to compute the data. RESULTS: The result of this study shows that 10.05% female students reported of having UTI. The proportion was higher in nursing students (67.6%) than medical (32.4%) but did not show a significance difference (P = 0.61). Age, duration of hostel life, and marital status were significantly associated with the status of UTI (P = 0.001). To prevent UTI, students were using commercial product with Tea Tree Oil, soap, drinking 3-4 l water/day, increased frequency of peri-wash during menstruation period, and use of Citrus Fruits. The use of western toilet was also significantly associated with status of UTI (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of UTI was more among nursing students. Most of the perineal hygienic practices by the female students were associated with occurrence of UTI; hence, it is necessary to emphasize on preventive practices to minimize re-occurrence.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The extensive spread of Covid-19 pandemic globally became the main cause of concern for everyone, including security officers working in a health care setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of instructional module for Covid-19 prevention among hospital security officers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A preexperimental study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from North India. A total of 344 security officers were selected by the convenient sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge and practice questionnaires and instructional module were developed based on the guidelines released by World Health Organization, Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Knowledge and practice were pretested, followed by the implementation of a video cum discussion instructional module for Covid-19 prevention. A posttest of knowledge and practice assessment was done after 7 days by using the same questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compute and analyse the data. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 29.5 ± 2.25; mos participants (75%) were male security officers. Knowledge and practice scores improved after the implementation of instructional module as mean scores of pretest to mean posttest scores had shown a significant difference (P = 0.00). In practice, instructional module was significantly effective, except for touching hair again and again, as it could be a source of covid-19 infection. CONCLUSION: This study finding highlights the significance of training security officers about the prevention of Covid-19.
ABSTRACT
Introduction Pregnancy is a beautiful phase in every woman's life in which she undergoes several physical and psychological transformations. The level of stress and anxiety may increase due to a sudden outbreak of contagious diseases. Objective To evaluate the psychological status of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 15, 2020, to September 15, 2020, in Dehradun, Haridwar, and Nainital districts of Uttarakhand, India. A total of 333 pregnant women were surveyed through an online platform. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was measured using the Impact of Event-Revised (IES-R) scale, and anxiety levels were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The survey results revealed that around three-fourths (73.6%) of the pregnant women reported minimal psychological impact, with a mean IES-R score of 16.93±11.23, whereas 69.4% of respondents had a minimal level of anxiety, with a mean GAD-7 score of 3.09±3.73. Multivariate linear regression found a positive association between psychological impact and gestational age, occupation, religion, locality, conception, history of abortion (p<0.05). Also, the level of anxiety was significantly associated with education, occupation, monthly income, religion, marital and family support, history of mental illness (p<0.01), conception type, and awareness regarding COVID-19 (p<0.05). Conclusion Psychological impact and anxiety levels were found to be minimal in pregnant women residing in Uttarakhand. Early identification of high-risk women is important to formulate necessary strategic planning to reduce the complications associated with maternal psychological stress on developing fetus.
