Publication of pediatric theses defended at the Tunis Faculty of Medicine: A 15-year study.

INTRODUCTION: The valorisation of thesis through its publication is necessary to enhance its visibility. Few data exist concerning the characteristics of theses defended at the Tunis faculty of medicine. AIM: Examine the publication rate of pediatric theses and identify factors associated with an increased publication rate. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive bibliometric study of pediatric theses defended at the Faculty of Medicine of Tunis over 15 years, from 2006 to 2020. Theses were retrieved from the catalog of the faculty library. Publications had been searched in databases "Pub Med ", and "Google Scholar" until December2021. RESULTS: The study involved 235 pediatric theses. Sixty-eight theses were published, representing 29% of the total. The main topics of published theses were neonatology (16%) and hematology (15%). The language of publication was French and English in 55% and 45% of cases, respectively. All publications in Q1 and Q2 journals were written in English. The only independent factor predicting publication of theses was the very honourable mention with congratulations of the jury and proposal for the thesis prize (p=0,007). CONCLUSION: Additional assessments will be necessary to identify the obstacles to the publication of theses.

SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma revealed by metastasis to the small intestine: a diagnostic dilemma.

SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma (SMARCA4-DTS) is a recently identified aggressive subtype of sarcoma. We present the case of a 44-year-old man who underwent a surgery for a perforated small intestine. Compued tomography scan revealed a tissular mediastino-pulmonary mass.Histopathological examination of the intestinal mass shown a malignant tumour with a typical epithelioid and rhabdoid cells, numerous mitoses and large necrosis. A large panel of immunohistochemistry revealed loss of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 and allowed the diagnosis of SMARCA4-DTS. It is important to consider SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of tumours showing suggestive morphologic features in patients of all ages, especially in the case of metastasis associated with thoracic mass.

Neuroblastoma-like schwannoma with giant rosette: A potential diagnostic pitfall for hyalinizing spindle cell tumor.

Neuroblastoma-like schwannoma (NLS) is a rare variant of a common tumor. The aim of this study is to discuss, through a literature review, the differential diagnoses of NLS while emphasizing the importance of ancillary studies. So far, 24 cases have been reported. We describe an additional case in a 64-year-old woman who had a 3-cm subcutaneous tumor on her flank. The histological examination showed an encapsulated neoplasm. Most of the tumor was made of giant rosettes. These rosettes had several sizes reaching 2.6 mm. They showed a palisade of rounded cells. Nuclei were hyperchromatic but bland. The center was made of eosinophilic cores of collagenous radiating fibrils. Neoplastic cells stained strongly for S-100 protein. In the capsule, perineural cells stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). No expression of Mucin 4 (MUC4) was present. This was consistent with NLS. The same peculiar appearance of giant rosettes has been described in hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes (HSCT). We propose the term "neuroblastoma-like schwannoma" when there are small rosettes, "HSCT-like schwannoma" for tumors with giant rosettes and "collagen-rich schwannoma" when there are "ill-defined" structures reminiscent of rosettes. Immunohistochemical panel containing S100, EMA, and MUC4, as well as molecular testing when needed should be performed.

Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer: An immunohistochemical study.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in tumourigenesis and tumour progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and leads to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The use of anti-EGFR-targeted therapy has increased for patients with metastatic CRC. Today, the clinical utility of immunohistochemistry has remained somewhat inconclusive. It is based on EGFR screening methods using paraffin-embedded tumour specimen to select patients eligible for treatment. There is still lack of agreement on reproducible scoring criteria for EGFR immunohistochemistry has in various clinical trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 36 CRC patients who underwent surgeries during 2011 in Habib Thameur hospital in Tunis. We analyzed the immunohistochemical overexpression of EGFR using a score based on immunostaining intensity. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between this overexpression and patients' clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of EGFR was 78% (28/36). Using the immunoreactivity score, 21 cases were considered low grade expression and 15 tumours were high grade. Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR showed a significant difference with tumour's location (p = 0.034) and vascular invasion (p = 0.03). This expression was not significantly associated with age, gender, tumour size, histological type, grade, TNM staging and perineural invasion. CONCLUSIONS: EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry in CRC is variably correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Its assessment by this method has still not proved its predictive value.

Immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease colorectal polyps.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Development of cancer is the most significant complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Distinguishing true dysplasia from reactive atypia in polyps is difficult, leading sometimes to the unsatisfactory diagnosis of "indefinite for dysplasia". Therefore, there is a need for the development of markers that can help improve diagnosis. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the expression of AMACR, Ki67 and p53 by immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of dysplasia in polyps developed on IBD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty colorectal polyps in IBD were studied. These had been diagnosed over a period of 11years. Dysplasia was classified according to the Vienna Classification (version 2000). Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-AMACR, anti-Ki67 and anti-p53 antibodies. RESULTS: Polyps were classified as follows: 21 negative for dysplasia (ND), 10 indefinite for dysplasia (IFD), 6 low-grade dysplasia (LGD), 1 high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and 2 adenocarcinomas (ACA). AMACR positivity was observed in all polyps with HGD and ACA, 5 of the 6 LGD polyps and 3 of the 10 IFD (p=0.007). p53 immunostaining showed nuclear staining in the basal part of the crypts in 8 of the 10 IFD lesions. In ACA and HGD polyps, p53 positivity was typically observed in all epithelial cell layers (p=0.004). ACA and HGD showed diffuse and scattered staining of Ki67 along the full length of the crypts. Five lesions with LGD had extension of Ki-67 positive cells up to and into the surface epithelium. Ki67 staining in all IFD lesions was restricted to the basal third of the crypt (p<0.001). By combining the three markers, a relationship with dysplasia was statistically significant (p<0.001). Sensitivity ranged from 66.7% to 88.9% and specificity from 71.4% to 100%. The positive predictive value (PPV) for detecting dysplasia using these different antibodies ranged from 66.7% to 100% and the negative predictive value (NPV) for excluding dysplasia ranged from 85.7% to 93.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The high degree of sensitivity and specificity of AMACR, p53 and Ki67 for dysplasia in IBD suggests that these antibodies, when combined, may be useful to detect neoplastic epithelium in this condition.