Endoscopic resection of forehead osteomas: Technical notes.

INTRODUCTION: Forehead osteoma is an uncommon benign bone tumor that causes cosmetic disfigurement and occasional pain. Traditional excision directly over the lesion creates a visible scar on the forehead. PROCEDURE: We describe a method of endoscopic resection of the forehead osteoma, via incisions within the hairline. The access incision was hidden behind the frontal hairline and the dissection plane went in the subperiosteal layer. The injury of the nerve branch and vessel can be easily avoided and endorsed by manipulating the endoscope. CONCLUSION: Aesthetic considerations are important features in the craniomaxillofacial region. Especially for patients who are not willing to accept the risk of a prominent forehead scar. Endoscopic resection of forehead osteomas might be a useful tool in forehead osteoma resections. It might be an alternative tool in an Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon's and in a Plastic Surgeon's repertoire.

Évolution des acouphènes après myringoplastie

BUT : Etudier l'évolution des acouphènes après myringoplastie chez l'adulte et rechercher les facteurs prédictifs de leur disparition après la chirurgie.METHODES : Etude rétrospective, portant sur 71 myringoplasties réalisées sur une période de quatre ans [2010-2013], tous les patients présentaient des acouphènes préopératoires et une surdité de transmission à l'audiométrie préopératoire.RESULTATS : L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 43,3 ±15 ans avec 44 femmes et 20 hommes. A l'audiométrie préopératoire, ils avaient tous une surdité de transmission. Les acouphènes ont régressé totalement en post opératoire dans 44,3% des cas et ont persisté dans 18,6% des cas. L'amélioration était partielle dans 37,1% des cas. en analyse univariée, nous avons trouvé une corréla¬tion significative, entre la disparition totale des acouphènes en post opératoire et le seuil moyen de la CA préopératoire inférieur à 39 dB (0.033) et un seuil moyen de la conduction osseuse (CO) pré opératoire inférieur à 15 dB sur les fréquences 2000 (0.028) ; 3000 (0.024) et 4000 Hz (0.022), un rinne préopératoire inférieur à 25 dB sur la fréquence de 1000 Hz (0.048), un seuil moyen de la CA post opératoire inférieur ou égal à 30 dB (p=0,001), un Rinne résiduel inférieur à 20 dB (p=0,014). La marginalité de la perforation par rapport au manche du marteau était significativement associée à la persistance des acouphènes (p=0,028). En analyse multivariée, seuls l'âge ≤ 56 ans; l'étiologie traumatique de la perforation et le seuil moyen de la CA post opératoire ≤26,89 dB étaient retenus par l'étude multivariée, comme des facteurs prédictifs de la disparition des acouphènes.CONCLUSION : Nous avons trouvé une corrélation entre la régression des acouphènes apres myringoplastie et des facteurs liée au terrain tel que l'âge, aux caractéristiques et à l'étiologie de la perforation et les résultats audiométriques post opératoires

Micro carcinom papillaire de la thyroïde: prise en charge thérapeutique

INTRODUCTION : La prise en charge thérapeutique des microcarcinomes papillaires (MCP) de la thyroïde est controversée. L'ob-jectif de notre étude était de discuter les attitudes thérapeutiques devant un microcarcinome papillaire.MÉTHODES : Nous rapportons une étude rétrospective portant sur 50 patients pris en charge pour MCP de la thyroïde sur une période de 7 ans (2007-2013).RÉSULTATS : L'âge moyen de nos patients était de 46 ans avec un sex-ratio de 0,11. Les circonstances de découverte étaient : un nodule thyroïdien suspect dans cinq cas, une adénopathie cervicale métastatique dans un cas. La découverte était fortuite à l'exa-men histologique chez 44 patients. Le geste chirurgical consistait en une thyroïdectomie totale dans tous les cas. Elle a été pratiquée en un seul temps opératoire dans 34 cas et en deux temps dans 15 cas. Un curage ganglionnaire central a été réalisé dans 56% des cas. La taille moyenne du MCP était de 4,6 mm. Le MCP était multifocal dans 16% des cas et bilatéral dans 10% des cas. Un envahissement de la capsule thyroïdienne a été retrouvé dans 4% des cas. Une atteinte ganglionnaire a été notée dans 14% des cas. Le traitement par l'Iode 131 a été indiqué chez 40 patients. L'activité moyenne administrée était nettement moindre chez les patients opérés après 2012 (70mCi contre 130 mCi). Quatre-vingt pourcent de ces patients ont reçus une activité inférieure à 100 mCi. Le recul moyen était de 52 mois. Nous n'avons pas rapporté de cas de récidive ou de métastase à distance.CONCLUSION : La totalisation chirurgicale et l'irathérapie ne devraient être indiquées qu'en présence de facteurs de mauvais pro-nostic vu le potentiel peu évolutif de ces tumeurs

Paralysies faciales périphériques d'origine choléstéatomateuse : diagnostic et traitement

But :discuter les modalités diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des paralysies faciales périphériques d'origine choléstéatomateuse.Matériel et méthodes :étude rétrospective sur une période de 20 ans (1994- 2013). Mille quatre cent vinght trois patients ont été opérés pour otite moyenne choléstéatomateuse. Sept cas compliqués d'une paralysie faciale périphérique ont fait l'objet de ce travail.Résultats :L'incidence de la paralysie faciale était de 0,5%. La paralysie faciale était d'installation brutale chez quatre patients et progressive dans trois cas. Elle était partielle dans cinq cas et complète chez deux patients. En per opératoire, le canal facial était intact dans 4 cas. La matrice de cholésteatome était disséquée sans ouverture de la gaine du nerf dénudé et en respectant le canal facial indemne. L'évolution était favorable dans les cas où le canal facial était intact. Conclusion : La paralysie faciale d'origine choléstéatomateuse est une urgence chirurgicale. Plusieurs facteurs conditionnent le pronostic, dominés par l'intégrité du canal facial osseux

Prise en charge chirurgicale des mucocèles naso-sinusiennes

Introduction : Les mucocèles nasosinusiennes sont des pseudo-tumeurs d'allure kystique, relativement rares. Malgré leur bénignité, elles ont une tendance expansive et destructrice. Buts : Proposer une stratégie thérapeutique appropriée des mucocèles naso-sinuisennes.Matériel et Méthodes : Etude rétrospective portant sur 43 patients opérés entre 1992 et 2012. Résultats :Il s'agit de 27 hommes et de 16 femmes. L'âge moyen était de 47 ans. Des antécédents de traumatisme crânio-facial, de chirurgie nasosinusienne ou du massif facial ont été retrouvés respectivement dans 16.27%, 25.58% et 9,3% des cas. Les localisations éthmoïdo-frontales étaient les plus fréquentes (14 cas). Les voies endoscopique endonasale, mixte ou externe ont été utilisées dans 30, 4 et 9 cas. Conclusion : La voie endoscopique endonasale est actuellement la voie de référence pour le traitement des mucocèles. La voie externe garde certaines indications. La marsupialisation est le traitement de choix permettant le respect de la physiologie sinusienn

Paranasal sinus osteomas: Diagnosis and treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoma is the most common benign tumor of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It is a slow-growing bony tumor, often asymptomatic, occurring mainly in frontal and ethmoid sinuses. Theories regarding the origin of osteomas are still discussed. The aims of the study were to describe diagnosis circumstances in our series and to set out our respective indications for open and endoscopic approaches in the treatment of nasosinusal osteomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the files of all the patients treated for a paranasal sinus osteoma in our department between 1990 and 2013. Diagnosis circumstances and kind of treatment were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The files of 45 patients (mean age: 49.2; sex-ratio: 1.19) could be collected. The most common symptom was headache found in all patients. The most common location was the frontal sinus (30 cases). Thirty-nine open procedures were performed. Four osteomas were removed under endoscopic assistance. In one case, a combined approach has been used. Overall complication rate was 11.1%. Symptoms improved in all patients. Two recurrences were observed. DISCUSSION: Surgical indications in paranasal sinus osteomas are theorically well codified. However, approaches remain controversial. In our experience, the preferred approach was the open one. Endoscopic techniques, when indicated, are more challenging and need sophisticated instrumentation and a long learning curve.

[Management of ocular and orbital complications in acute sinusitis]. / Prise en charge des complications oculo-orbitaires des sinusites aiguës.

PURPOSE: Describe the clinical presentations of orbital complications of acute sinusitis and discuss therapeutic approaches. METHODS: Retrospective study of 29 cases of acute sinusitis with orbital extension hospitalized over a period of 12years (2000 to 2012). RESULTS: There were 23 men and 6 women. The mean age was 15.75years. The average time until consultation was 7.68 days. Sinusitis was ethmoido-maxillary in 20 cases, ethmoidal in 6 cases, and frontal in 3 cases. Orbital extension was grouped according to the Chandler classification: stage I (3 cases), stage II (3 cases), stage III (15 cases), stage IV (8 cases). Antibiotic therapy was prescribed in all cases. Surgery was performed in 22 cases. Bacterial cultures revealed streptococcus (2 cases), aspergillus fumigatus (1 case) and were negative in 8 cases. The outcome was favorable in 27 cases. In two cases, the outcome was unfavorable with associated intracranial complications. DISCUSSION: Oculoorbital extension of acute sinusitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Paranasal sinus CT is essential to confirm orbital extension and identify the causative sinus. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is the main treatment. The roles of corticosteroid and heparin therapy remain controversial. Surgery is indicated in the case of abscess or high visual risk. Endoscopic endonasal surgery appears to have a double role, in diagnosis and treatment.

[Ophthalmic complications of nasosinus mucoceles]. / Complications ophtalmiques des mucocèles rhino-sinusiennes.

INTRODUCTION: A nasosinus mucocele is a pseudocystic process filled with mucus arising within the sinus. Despite its benign histology, potential ophthalimic risks are related to mass effect and expansion to the orbit by bone destruction with compression of optic nerves. PURPOSE: We describe mechanisms of ophthalimic involvement in patients with paranasal sinus mucoceles, radiological appearance, treatment and prognosis of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report 5 cases of paranasal sinus mucocele with ophthalmic complications seen between January 2007 and December 2011 on the ENT and MFS service of La Rabta University hospital. RESULTS: The reason for consultation was: unilateral proptosis in 4 patients, diplopia in 2 patients and medial canthal swelling in 3 patients. Facial computed tomography showed a mucocele in the frontal sinus in two patients, in the ethmoid-frontal sinuses in two patients and in the ethmoid-maxillary sinuses in one patient. We found erosion of the orbital walls and displacement of the globe in all cases, extra-axial proptosis in one case, compression of the extraocular muscles in 4 cases and stretching of the optic nerve in three cases. All patients were treated initially with antibiotics then surgery. The postoperative course was uneventful with no recurrence. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to diagnose mucoceles as early as possible and plan surgical excision before growth of the mass irreversibly compromises visual function.

Les kystes amygdaloides : a propos de 31 cas

Introduction: Le kyste amygdaloide est une tumeur kystique latero-cervicale haute rare; issue de la 2eme fente branchiale. Il represente 2 des tumeurs latero-cervicales du cou; et 6;1a 85;2 des anomalies de la deuxieme fente. La forme oropharyngee est tres rare. But : Analyser les caracteristiques anatomo-cliniques et discuter les modalites de prise en charge et les indications therapeutiques de cette affection. Methode : etude retrospective menee sur une periode de 10 ans (2000- 2009) a propos de 31 cas de kystes amygdaloides colliges au service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale de La Rabta. Resultat : L'age moyen de nos patients etait de 28 ans et 7 mois avec un sex-ratio de 0;47. La duree d'evolution etait de 14 mois. L'examen physique a trouve une masse submandibulaire dans 2 cas; retro-angulo-mandibulaire dans 2 cas et jugulo-carotidienne dans 27 cas. Vingt neuf patients ont eu une echographie cervicale ayant montre une masse kystique dans 23 cas. La TDM cervicale a ete pratiquee dans 13 cas; faisant evoquer le diagnostic dans 7 cas. Une masse liquidienne parapharyngee a ete retrouvee dans un cas motivant la pratique d'un examen radiologique complementaire par une IRM cervicale. Une ponction cytologique a ete pratiquee dans 16 cas; ayant montre un materiel kystique dans 12 cas. Trente patients ont eu un traitement chirurgical avec exerese complete du kyste. Une mise a plat de la collection paraphryngee a ete pratiquee dans un cas. L'evolution a ete favorable dans 29 cas avec un recul moyen de 2ans et 9 mois. Deux cas de recidive ont ete notes. Conclusion : Les kystes amygdaloides sont des malformations relativement rares; leur diagnostic est suspecte a l'examen physique oriente par les donnees de l'imagerie et confirmee par l'examen anatomopathologique. Le traitement est chirurgical; seule l'exerese complete du kyste permet de prevenir les recidives ulterieures

Rhinorrhée cérébrospinale: difficultés thérapeutiques et facteurs d'échec

Introduction : La rhinorrhee cerebrospinale (rCS) resulte d'une breche osteomeningee faisant communiquer les cavites naso-sinusiennes avec les espaces sous-arachnoidiens. Sa gravite est liee au risque de complications infectieuses endocraniennes. Objectifs : discuter les modalites de prise en charge de la rCS et en analyser les facteurs d'echec. Patients et methode : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective a propos de 15 patients presentant une rhinorrhee cerebrospinale en rapport avec une breche meningee traitee dans notre service. Resultats : L'age moyen de nos patients etait de 44;9 ans. Le motif de consultation etait une rhinorrhee claire intermittente. la notion de meningite etait rapportee dans 2cas. Un scanner du massif facial etait pratique dans tous les cas. Une cisterno IRM etait pratiquee dans 7 cas. La voie endoscopique etait adoptee dans14 cas et la voie combinee dans 1 cas. L'interposition de la greffe etait faite selon la procedure overlay dans tous les cas. Deux recidives ont ete notees et ont ete reprises chirurgicalement avec succes. Conclusion : La voie endonasale est une approche efficace et non invasive des breches osteomeningees. elle trouve son indication meme en cas d'echec de la voie transcranienne

[Pediatric mucoceles: clinical aspects and therapeutic approaches]. / Mucocèles de l'enfant : présentations cliniques et modalités thérapeutiques.

INTRODUCTION: Paranasal sinuses mucoceles are extremely rare in children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess their clinical presentations and the contribution of endoscopic surgery in their management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we retrospectively reviewed 11 children with paranasal sinus mucoceles who were managed during a period of 15 years (1995-2009). RESULTS: The mean age was 11.8 years with a sex ratio of 2.66. One patient had a history of nasal polyposis surgery. The symptomatology was dominated by ophthalmological complains. The ethmoïd sinus was the main localization. Orbital extension was found in eight cases, pyomucocele in one case. The surgical management was endoscopic (nine cases), and by an external approach (two cases). Two cases of recurrence were assessed. The mean follow-up was 22.3 months. DISCUSSION: Paranasal sinuses mucocele is exceptional in children. Cystic fibrosis is the main etiologic factor. The symptoms depend on the location and size of the mucocele. The treatment is surgical and most authors prefer the endoscopic approach.

High intensity exercise affects diurnal variation of some biological markers in trained subjects.

The study investigated if markers of muscle injury and antioxidant status were affected by a Wingate test performed at 2 different times of day. 15 young male footballers performed 2 tests (randomized) at 07:00-h and 17:00-h. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 3 min after each test for assessment of markers of muscle injury and antioxidant status. Resting oral temperature was recorded during each session. Peak power (10.76 ± 1.05 vs. 11.15 ± 0.83 W.kg( - 1)) and fatigue index (0.41 ± 0.04 vs. 0.49 ± 0.13%) during the Wingate test, and core temperature, were significantly higher (all p<0.05) in the evening. Markers of muscle injury were significantly higher in the evening before and after exercise (e. g., 148.7 ± 67.05 vs. 195 ± 74.6 and 191.6 ± 79.52 vs. 263.6 ± 96.06 IU.L (- 1), respectively, for creatine kinase; both p<0.001). Antioxidant parameters increased after the Wingate test but only resting values were significantly higher in the morning (e. g., 1.33 ± 0.19 vs. 1.19 ± 0.14 µmol.L (- 1) for total antioxidant status; p<0.05). The results indicate that muscle injury and antioxidant activity after the Wingate test were higher in the evening, suggesting a possible link between the biochemical measures and the diurnal fluctuation of anaerobic performance. However, repetition of this study after prescribed rather than self-selected exercise intensity is recommended.

[Granulomatous invasive aspergillosis rhinosinusitis]. / La rhinosinusite aspergillaire invasive granulomateuse.

INTRODUCTION: Granulomatous invasive aspergillosis rhinosinusitis is a rare disease. Anatomopathologic and mycological examination allows the diagnosis. Treatment must be rapidly started in order to avoid orbital and intracranial complications. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the main clinical, radiological, histopathological, mycological and therapeutic aspects of granulomatous invasive aspergillosis rhinosinusitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study included five patients operated for granulomatous invasive aspergillosis rhinosinusitis at the Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Department of La Rabta Hospital from 2000 to 2011. RESULTS: These are four women and one man with mean age of 24.8 years. Functional symptoms were dominated by nasal obstruction and purulent rhinorrhea. Imaging showed a unilateral pansinusien filling extended to the nasal cavity with bone lysis. An orbital and endocranial extension was noted in two cases. Endonasal approach was performed in four patients and external approach in one patient. Anatomopathologic and mycological examination confirmed the diagnosis. All patients were started on antifungal therapy. One reccurence had been noted. Endonasal approach was performed. CONCLUSION: Granulomatous invasive aspergillosis rhinosinusitis is a rare infection. The prognosis is particularly serious which warrants a rapid therapeutic care to avoid complications.

[Fifty-four cases of nasolabial cysts]. / Le kyste nasolabial: 54 cas.

INTRODUCTION: Nasolabial cysts (NLC) are a rare condition presenting as cystic epithelial lesion. We report the clinical and radiological (CT scan) aspects of this rare clinical entity and we assess the various available surgical treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients presenting with NLC underwent surgery between 2000 and 2009. The diagnosis was made on clinical and radiological arguments and confirmed by histological examination after surgical excision. The studied parameters were: gender, functional signs having led to consultation, localization, results of radiological exploration, treatment modalities, anatomopathology and postoperative evolution. RESULTS: The average age of the 30 men and 24 women was 38 years with extremes ranging between 24 and 53 years. The reason for consultation was swelling of the anterior nasal floor in every case and a nasal obstruction for 33 patients. The average time between initial swelling and consultation was 18 months. Swelling was unilateral for 52 patients. CT scan was prescribed for 20 patients and revealed a cystic mass with an average diameter of 23 mm. Cyst excision was made under general anesthesia in every case. Most of the patients (52) were operated via a vestibular approach. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of nasolabial cyst in every case. DISCUSSION: NLC is a rare condition which must be suggested when a cystic mass is found in the anterior nasal floor. CT scan confirms the diagnosis and cyst extension. Cyst excision is performed by vestibular approach. The endoscopic marsupialization is an interesting new therapeutic alternative.

[Study of the intronic polymorphism of the angiotensin 1 converting enzyme among coronary Tunisians]. / Étude du polymorphisme intronique de l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine I chez des coronariens tunisiens.

BACKGROUND: The acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are classified among the major causes of mortality in the industrialized countries. The increased angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACEI) activity related to a genetic polymorphism constitutes a hereditary predisposition to these syndromes. AIM: Evaluate the ACEI activity in Tunisian patients with coronary heart disease, and investigate the association between this activity and an intronic deletion of 287 pb on the intron 16 of the ACEI gene. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-two coronary patients and 34 control subjects are recruited for our study. ACEI activity was measured by kinetic method. The intronic deletion was identified by PCR technique. RESULTS: An increased activity of ACEI was observed in patients compared with control subjects (84.38 ± 33.83 UI/L vs 59.06 ± 18.2 UI/L, P=10(-5)). The molecular study showed a raised relative frequency of D/D genotype (51.4%) among patients, whereas among the witnesses, I/I genotype prevailed (62%). D/D genotype is always associated with highest ACEI activity for the patients and the control subjects. CONCLUSION: The molecular studies and the biochemical investigations of the various parameters of cardiovascular risk (including the ACEI) direct towards a better treatment.

[Carcinoid tumor of the larynx]. / Tumeur carcinoïde du larynx.

OBJECTIVE: Carcinoid tumors are among the exceptional neoplasms of the larynx. The literature is reviewed and the problems with diagnosis and management of this rare tumor are discussed. METHODS: The authors report a case of a carcinoid tumor of the larynx. RESULTS: This paper describes the case of a well-differentiated carcinoid tumor of the aryepiglottic fold in a 59-year-old woman who presented with hoarseness lasting eight months. After surgical excision, the patient developed recurrence of the disease 14 years later. CONCLUSION: Carcinoid tumors require accurate diagnosis because of their varied clinical behavior and prognosis. The typical carcinoid treatment of choice is conservative surgery.

Predictors of smoking initiation among schoolchildren in Tunisia: a 4 years cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of smoking initiation among non smoking Tunisian school children; and to propose efficient antismoking strategies in order to prevent smoking initiation. METHODS: It was a cohort study surveying prospectively for four years pupils attending schools in Sousse city in Tunisia. 441 non smoking pupils aged 13-15 years attending secondary schools in Sousse. Data were collected by a self administered questionnaire during class session. Two ways cross tabulation, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were the main analytical methods. RESULTS: 57.1% of the surveyed population were girls, 42.9 % were boys. 63% had at least one of their peers who smoked. Before 1999, 16.6% had already tried to smoke, 29.5% had already experienced alcohol. In 2003, smoking prevalence was 17%. 4.8% were girls; 33.3% of boys; p<0,001). 69.9 % of these smokers declared that they would carry on smoking during the following five years. Predictors which were highly associated with smoking initiation were previous experimentation with alcohol and tobacco, having a smoking best friend, lack of sensitization from the part of the school, believing that smoking makes one feel cool and that tobacco shouldn't be forbidden in public places. CONCLUSION: Intervention programs should target young children to avoid experiencing the first cigarette. Multidisciplinary management including community and school based intervention highlighted by mass media campaigns may provide schoolchildren with skills to resist smoking peers prompts to adopt unhealthy habits such as smoking.

[Report of a case of Lyell syndrome]. / A propos d'un cas de syndrome de Lyell.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare drug-induced disease characterized by extensive epidermal destruction. We reported here a case of Lyell syndrome which happened few hours later after treatment associating lincomycine chlorhydrate with nonsteroidol anti-inflammatory drugs. The 28-year-old female patient developed many visceral complications with biochemical and haematological disorders. This syndrome is a dermatological emergency whose vital prognosis is displayed.