Health-related quality of life of postpartum women and associated factors in Dendi district, West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Promoting a favorable experience of postpartum care has become increasingly emphasized over recent years. Despite the fact that maternal health care services have improved over the years, postnatal care service utilization is generally low and the health-related quality of life of postpartum women remains overlooked. Furthermore, the health-related quality of life of postpartum women is not well studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life of postpartum women and associated factors in Dendi district, West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 429 participants. A multistage stratified sampling procedure was used to select the sampling unit and simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants from 23 August 2022 to 16 November 2022. A pre-tested standard structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered using Epi-Data 3.1 and then exported to Statistical package for social science version 26. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed at p-value < 0.25 were considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: The study revealed that 73.7% (95% CI: 69.4-77.7) had a low level of health-related quality-of-life with a mean of 44.02 (SD ± 10.4). Urban residing [AOR = 0.27, 95% CI: (0.10-0.74)], no education [AOR = 3.44, 95% CI (1.35-8.74)], received at least four antenatal contact [AOR = 0.56, 95% CI (0.33-0.95)], received at least one postnatal care [AOR = 0.30, 95% CI (0.14-0.62)], poor social support [AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: (1.025-4.893)], having postpartum depression [AOR = 2.99, 95% CI: (1.52-5.56)], cesarean delivery [AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: (1.09-9.26)], and lowest household assets [AOR = 5.68, 95% CI: (2.74-11.76)] were significant associations with low health-related quality of life of postpartum women. CONCLUSIONS: The health-related quality of life among postpartum women was very low. Postpartum women with low socio-economic status and inadequate maternal health service utilization had a low health-related quality of life. Promoting women's education and postnatal care services is needed to improve the health-related quality of life of postpartum women.

Undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and Aims: Early identification and treatment of hypertension could lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases; which share the largest proportion of death. The findings of previous studies done in Ethiopia on undiagnosed hypertension were inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in Ethiopia. Methods: A protocol with registration number CRD42023395445 was registered to Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A comprehensive search of observational studies done on undiagnosed hypertension was identified in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Hinari databases, and other sources available until January 10, 2023. The quality of the identified studies using the set criteria and necessary data was extracted and exported to R version 4.2.3 and STATA version 15.0 for analysis. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors were identified. The risk of bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's test. The findings were presented using tables, figures, and statements. This study was not funded by any organization. Results: Eleven studies having 6132 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16-27). In subanalysis, according to the American Heart Association ( ≥ 130/80 mmHg), the pooled prevalence was 29% (95% CI: 18-40). However, according to the International Society of Hypertension ( ≥ 140/90), the pooled prevalence was 16% (95% CI: 13-20).Sex (AOR = 2.49, 1.48-3.49), age ≥55 years (AOR = 2.68, 1.16-4.21), alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.68, 1.68-3.69), body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 2.62, 1.77-3.48), and high triglyceride levels (AOR = 1.87, 1.22-2.51) were significantly associated with it. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, about one in five adults ≥ 18 years has undiagnosed hypertension; therefore raising public awareness for medical checkups, early hypertension detection, and treatment is suggested. However, these findings cannot be generalized to pediatrics.

Determinants of breast cancer in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the first leading cancer sharing about 25% of the cancer burden among women globally. This study aimed to identify the determinants of BC in Ethiopia. Methods: We comprehensively searched primary studies conducted in Ethiopia on associated factors of BC in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Hinari, Google, and Google Scholar) and available online until 2 June 2023. The necessary data were extracted from relevant studies and exported to STATA version 15 for analysis. The pooled odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using a random effect model. The finding was reported following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Results: Five studies with 1,819 participants (792 cases and 1,027 controls) were included. The significant determinants of BC were age at menarche <12 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.68-5.04), post-menopause (AOR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.67-3.06), ever breastfeeding (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15-0.42), and family history of cancer (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.29-3.44). Conclusion: In Ethiopia, the significant determinants of BC among women were age at menarche <12 years, post-menopause, Ever breastfeeding, and family history of cancer. We recommend that the concerned organizations consider the aforementioned factors in addressing the problem of BC in Ethiopia by increasing community awareness, promoting breast self-examination, and developing programs to reduce the increasing burden of BC in the study setting.

Human papillomavirus vaccination uptake and its associated factors among adolescent school girls in Ambo town, Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2020.

BACKGROUND: The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has offered a great promise to reduce the cervical cancer burden; its utilization (uptake) however has been lagging. However, the levels and factors associated with the uptake of the vaccine have not been well investigated, especially in the local context. OBJECTIVE: To assess the uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and its associated factors among adolescent school girls in ambo town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2020. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional quantitative study design supplemented with the qualitative inquiry was employed to assess Human Papillomavirus vaccination uptake and its associated factors among 422 adolescent school girls in Ambo town, central Ethiopia from December 1-30, 2020. The collected data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi info 7.2.3 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to compute summary statistics and proportions. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used for the strength and directions of association. A P-value of < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Qualitative findings have been analyzed with manual thematic analysis. RESULT: The proportion of HPV vaccination uptake among school girls in this study was 44.4%. Hearing about HPV vaccine [AOR = 2.50, 95%CI: (1.045-5.959)], availability of awareness creation [AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: (1.507-4.258)], and favorable attitude [AOR = 2.049, 95%CI: (1.153-3.64)] were the key identified factors associated with vaccination uptake. In addition, poor perception, fear of side effects, and misunderstanding were among the major factors identified by qualitative findings. CONCLUSION: There was low uptake of HPV vaccination among the school Adolescents in the study area. Availability of awareness creation programs, favorable attitude towards HPV vaccine, and hearing about HPV vaccine was significantly associated with the uptake of the HPV vaccination. Therefore, awareness creation and behavior change education are mandatory to scale up the vaccination.

Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to Rifampicin: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Antitubercular drug resistance strain is a horrifying barrier to effective TB treatment and prevention. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and geographical distribution of rifampicin-resistance M. tuberculosis (MTB) strains. METHODS: We searched two electronic databases, PubMed and EMBASE, until 26 March 2017 and updated our search on 27 April 2018 and accessed all prevalence studies of MTB strain and their drug susceptibility patterns to rifampicin. The pooled prevalence estimate was determined using random effects model. RESULTS: We identified 23 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria. The proportion of rifampicin resistance strains was diverged depending on the type of strains, country and Regions. The pooled estimate of rifampicin-resistance strains of MTB for the included studies was 4% (95% CI: 3-5%). In subgroup analysis based on World Health Organization (WHO) Regions, the pooled estimate of rifampicin-resistance strains of MTB was 11% (95% CI: 9-13%) with the Western Pacific Region 24%, Europian Region 10%, South-East Asian Region 6%, African Region 3% and Region of American 1%. Beijing family was the most dominant strain resistance to rifampicin with pooled prevalence of 14% (95% CI: 10-18%). The pooled prevalence of other families, i.e. EAI, T, CAS, MANU, Haarlem, LAM and Ural, was ≤2% for each. CONCLUSION: High burden of rifampicin resistance MTB strains was identified in the Western Pacific Region. Of these, Beijing family was predominantly resistance to rifampicin in Western Pacific Region and South-East Asian Region and also spread to European Region and Region of American.