[Diabetic papillopathy after intensification of insulin therapy: A case report]. / Papillopathie diabétique après insulinothérapie intensive : à propos d'un cas.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic papillopathy is a rare ocular complication of diabetes. Its pathophysiology is not well known. It is a unilateral or bilateral optic disc edema with variable degrees of visual loss. OBSERVATION: A 66-year-old woman, with a twelve years old type 2 diabetes mellitus, suddenly presented a unilateral decreased vision. Her ocular examination was normal eight months earlier. Ocular examination, radiological investigations and laboratory analysis were conclusive of diabetic papillopathy. Medical history revealed a recent rapid improvement of blood glucose control after intensification of insulin therapy. A visual acuity improvement with spontaneous regression of papillary edema was observed. CONCLUSION: There is a risk of diabetic papillopathy associated with the rapid control of blood glucose levels after intensification of insulin therapy, even in diabetic patients without known retinopathy.

[Pseudo pheochromocytoma induced by professional stress: A case report]. / Un pseudophéochromocytome induit par le stress professionnel ; à propos d'un cas.

INTRODUCTION: An elevation of plasma or urinary catecholamines or their metabolites in the context of a suspicion of a secondary hypertension associated with paroxysms generally leads to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. However, this is not always true. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 39-year old man with a severe hypertension that was resistant to drug therapy and associated with paroxysms. Urinary fractioned metanephrines were elevated. However, no tumor could be found on tomodensitometry and MIBG scintigraphy. Thus, the causes of pseudopheochromocytoma were reviewed and the diagnosis of professional stress was finally held. In fact, his professional redeployment resulted in an improvement of blood pressure levels, the disappearance of paroxysms and the normalization of urinary metanephrines. CONCLUSION: This observation involves professional stress in pseudo pheochromocytoma.

Testicular adrenal rest tumours in young adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: prevalence and impact on testicular function.

Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) have been described in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TARTs in patients with CAH, the associated factors and their impact on gonadal function. It is a prospective study concerning six young adult men with CAH, four cases with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and two cases with 11-hydroxylase deficiency. All patients were under glucocorticoid therapy. The mean age was 25 years (range: 20-31). All patients underwent a physical examination with testicular palpation, scrotal ultrasonography, a blood sample for serum testosterone, FSH, LH, inhibin B, ∆4-androstenedione and 17-OH-progesterone measurements and a semen analysis. Ultrasound revealed TARTs in four patients; three were bilateral. The mean tumour size was 6.3 ml (range: 0.02-14.1). The tumours were palpable in two cases. 17-OH-progesterone was <10 ng/ml in all cases. Decreased testosterone level was found in one case. The semen analysis revealed azoospermia in one case and poor semen quality in four patients. TARTs were common and associated with impaired spermatogenesis.

Anatomical, clinical and electrical observations in piriformis syndrome.

BACKGROUND: We provided clinical and electrical descriptions of the piriformis syndrome, contributing to better understanding of the pathogenesis and further diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Between 3550 patients complaining of sciatica, we concluded 26 cases of piriformis syndrome, 15 females, 11 males, mean age 35.37 year-old. We operated 9 patients, 2 to 19 years after the onset of symptoms, 5 had piriformis steroids injection. A dorsolumbar MRI were performed in all cases and a pelvic MRI in 7 patients. The electro-diagnostic test was performed in 13 cases, between them the H reflex of the peroneal nerve was tested 7 times. RESULTS: After a followup 1 to 11 years, for the 17 non operated patients, 3 patients responded to conservative treatment. 6 of the operated had an excellent result, 2 residual minor pain and one failed. 3 new anatomical observations were described with atypical compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. CONCLUSION: While the H reflex test of the tibial nerve did not give common satisfaction in the literature for diagnosis, the H reflex of the peroneal nerve should be given more importance, because it demonstrated in our study more specific sign, with six clinical criteria it contributed to improve the method of diagnosis. The cause of this particular syndrome does not only depend on the relation sciatic nerve-piriformis muscle, but the environmental conditions should be considered with the series of the anatomical anomalies to explain the real cause of this pain.