ABSTRACT
Fillers can be used to correct contour-defects. Due to the irregularities of defects, estimating the volume of filler required can be difficult. This frequently results in surgeons taking a step-wise approach to filler-injection, usually occurring over different appointments. Using a patient with pectus excavatum as an example, we provide a simple tip as to estimating the volume of filler required. In this case, normal saline was poured into the chest-wall defect until the adequate level was reached (from the lateral aspect), while noting how much liquid was used. The patient then had a comparable volume of filler injected.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins/administration & dosage , Cosmetic Techniques , Funnel Chest/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Humans , InjectionsSubject(s)
Finger Injuries/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Tendons/surgery , Adolescent , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic fetal injury during cesarean delivery is a serious but underreported complication. CASE: A distal iatrogenic amputation of a digit occurred during a cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION: Obstetricians should be aware of this potential complication.
Subject(s)
Amputation, Traumatic/etiology , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Finger Injuries/etiology , Finger Injuries/surgery , Iatrogenic Disease , Intraoperative Complications , Adult , Amputation Stumps , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Twins , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Human melanocytes in monolayer culture are extremely dependent on a wide range of soluble signals for their proliferation and melanogenesis. The advent of three-dimensional models of reconstructed skin allows one to ask questions of how these cells are regulated within a setting which more closely approximates normal skin. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent melanocytes within a reconstructed skin model are sensitive to regulation by dermal fibroblasts, basement membrane (BM) proteins and the addition of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Sterilized acellular de-epidermized dermis (prepared to retain BM proteins or deliberately denuded of BM by enzymatic treatment) from skin type I or II was reconstituted with fibroblasts, melanocytes and keratinocytes. In all but one case (9/10), cell donors were skin type I or II. The presence of BM antigens was found to be necessary for positional orientation of the melanocytes; in the absence of BM, melanocytes moved into the upper keratinocyte layer pigmenting spontaneously. Addition of fibroblasts suppressed the extent of spontaneous pigmentation of melanocytes within this model. Neither alpha-MSH nor cholera toxin induced pigmentation in this model despite the fact that melanocytes clearly had the ability to synthesize pigment.
