ABSTRACT
This single centre study was designed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and efficacy of the Vivant Z stent (PFM AG, Cologne, Germany). Patients with de novo lesion were recruited. Coronary angioplasty was performed with either direct stenting or after balloon predilatation. Repeated angiogram was performed 6 months later or earlier if clinically indicated. Between January to June 2003, a total of 50 patients were recruited (mean age 55.8 +/- 9 years). A total of 52 lesions were stented successfully. Mean reference diameter was 2.77 mm (+/-0.59 SD, range 2.05-4.39 mm) with mean target lesion stenosis of 65.5% (+/-11.6 SD, range 50.1-93.3%). Forty-six lesions (88.5%) were American College of Cardiologist/American Heart Association class B/C types. Direct stenting was performed in 18 (34.6%) lesions. Mean stent diameter was 3.18 mm (+/-0.41 SD, range 2.5-4 mm), and mean stent length was 14.86 mm (+/-2.72 SD, range 9-18 mm). The procedure was complicated in only one case which involved the loss of side branch with no clinical sequelae. All treated lesions achieved Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 3 flow. Mean residual diameter stenosis was 12.2% (+/-7.55 SD, range 0-22.6%) with acute gain of 1.72 mm (+/-0.50 SD, range 0.5-2.8). At 6 months, there was no major adverse cardiovascular event. Repeated angiography after 6 months showed a restenosis rate of 17% (defined as >50% diameter restenosis). Mean late loss was 0.96 mm (+/-0.48 SD) with loss index of 0.61 (+/-0.38 SD). The restenosis rate of those lesions less than 3.0 mm in diameter was 22.2% compared with 6.25% in those lesions more than 3.0 mm in diameter. The Vivant Z stent was shown to be safe and efficacious with low restenosis rate in de novo coronary artery lesion.
Subject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Coronary Stenosis/surgery , Stents , Coronary Angiography/methods , Feasibility Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
This study examines the sources of matrilineal advantage in grandchild-grandparent relations using data from the Iowa Youth and Families Project. Results from fixed-effect models indicate that the observed matrilineal advantage in grandchild-grandparent ties arises from lineage differentials in the quality of relations between grandparents and the parents of grandchildren. Specifically, better relations between mothers and the maternal line facilitate closer ties between grandchildren and maternal grandparents. Fathers' closer ties with the paternal side also promote better relations between a grandchild and paternal grandparents, but the greater prevalence of matrilineal bias in parent-grandparent ties leads to an overall matrilineal advantage in grandchild-grandparent relations.
Subject(s)
Intergenerational Relations , Adolescent , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Education , Father-Child Relations , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Theoretical , Mother-Child Relations , Multivariate Analysis , Nuclear Family , Occupations , Social SupportABSTRACT
Studies have often used reason for retirement as an indicator of the pathway leading to retirement. We discuss the conceptual basis for the retirement-reason typology and evaluate the distinctiveness of various reasons for labor force exit by predicting them in a standard model-based analysis. Data are from the 1982 Social Security New Beneficiary Study, and the analysis is limited to men. A number of factors in the model-based analysis have distinctive effects on exit for particular retirement reasons, but health limits increase the likelihood of all types of retirement. We conclude that reasons for retirement only partially capture distinctive retirement processes.
