ABSTRACT
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a common presentation in the primary care setting and can be significantly painful and disabling. The condition progresses in three stages: freezing (painful), frozen (adhesive) and thawing, and is often self-limiting. Common conservative treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral glucocorticoids, intra-articular glucocorticoid injections and/or physical therapy. However, many physicians may find themselves limited to prescribing medications for treatment. This article elaborates on physical therapy exercises targeted at adhesive capsulitis, which can be used in combination with common analgesics.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/therapeutic use , Bursitis/therapy , Exercise Therapy/methods , Physical Therapy Modalities , Range of Motion, Articular , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Bursitis/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Injections, Intra-Articular , Motion , Pain/drug therapy , Shoulder JointABSTRACT
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has established itself globally in both endemic and epidemic transmission cycles. While diagnostic decision-making for dengue is often guided by clinical judgement, definitive laboratory tests, including rapid point-of-care tests, have many advantages in the primary care setting. These include providing epidemiological data and diagnostic clarity for atypical cases, as well as contributing to patient education and compliance. This article discussed the types of diagnostic methods for dengue, when to use them and the appropriateness of each test. Viral detection diagnostic methods such as NS1 antigen assays are generally used within the first week of illness onset, whereas dengue serology testing is most appropriate after that time frame. Locally available rapid point-of-care tests, which include both assays in one convenient test kit, can enhance dengue diagnosis in an endemic setting.
