ABSTRACT
The efficacy of current medical treatments for lichen planopilaris (LPP) and its variant, frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), both lymphocyte-mediated primary cicatricial alopecias, is limited. Hair regrowth from scar tissue is usually not possible. Although hair transplantation restores the hairline and increases hair density in patients with cicatricial alopecia, the timing of the transplantation is crucial. Here, we report two Chinese patients with LPP or FFA who underwent the follicular unit extraction method of hair transplantation after the diseases were stabilised with therapy, with satisfactory results for 3-4 years of follow up.
Subject(s)
Alopecia/surgery , Forehead/pathology , Hair/transplantation , Lichen Planus/surgery , Scalp/pathology , Adult , Alopecia/pathology , Female , Fibrosis , Humans , Lichen Planus/pathology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Alopecia areata (AA) is the most common form of hair loss in children. We report the case of a child who had two episodes of AA after two different vaccines with complete hair regrowth between the episodes. This case supports the concept that vaccination might be a trigger for the development of AA in genetically predisposed children.
Subject(s)
Alopecia Areata/chemically induced , Hair/growth & development , Vaccination/adverse effects , Viral Vaccines/adverse effects , Alopecia Areata/physiopathology , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics , Follow-Up Studies , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/diagnosis , Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/genetics , Humans , Male , Recurrence , Risk Assessment , Vaccination/methods , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Alopecia/etiology , Trichotillomania/complications , Adult , Alopecia/pathology , Cicatrix/etiology , Cicatrix/pathology , Female , Hair Follicle/pathology , HumansSubject(s)
Amyloidosis/pathology , Blister/pathology , Ecchymosis/pathology , Skin/pathology , Aged , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Fibrous papules of the face are hamartomas characterized by stellate-shaped stromal cells, multinucleated giant cells, and proliferative blood vessels in the dermis. The pathogenesis of fibrous papules remains unclear. There is a striking microscopic resemblance between fibrous papules and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated angiofibromas. A germline mutation of the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, leading to activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, accounts for the pathogenesis of TSC-associated angiofibromas. Activated mTOR subsequently activates p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and ribosomal protein S6 (S6) by phosphorylation. Rapamycin, a mTOR inhibitor, is effective in treating TSC-associated angiofibromas. The aim of this study was to understand whether the mTOR pathway is activated in fibrous papules. We studied immunoexpressions of phosphorylated (p-) mTOR effectors in fibrous papules, TSC-associated angiofibromas, and normal skin controls. P-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-S6 were highly expressed in dermal stromal cells and epidermal keratinocytes in fibrous papules and TSC-associated angiofibromas but not in fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes of normal skin controls (p<0.001). The results suggest topical rapamycin may be a novel treatment option for fibrous papules.
