ABSTRACT
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is a common form of cardiac arrhythmia that affects 1-1.5% of adults and roughly 10% of elderly adults with dysphagia. Apixaban is an anticoagulant referred to as a factor Xa inhibitor, which has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in cases of NVAF. Our objective in the current study was to formulate an orally disintegrating film to facilitate the administration of apixaban to elderly patients who have difficulty swallowing. Researchers have used a wide variety of cellulose-based or non-cellulose-based polymers in a variety of combinations to achieve specific characteristics related to film formation, disintegration performance, drug content, in vitro drug release, and stability. One of the two formulations in this study was specify that bioequivalence criteria met with respect to Cmax of the reference drug (ELIQUIS®) in terms of pharmacokinetic profile. Further research will be required to assess the applicability of orodispersible films created using colloidal polymers of high and low molecular weights to other drugs with poor solubility in water.
ABSTRACT
The deficiency of dead cell clearance is a prominent pathogenic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, the overexpression of miR-210-5p resulted in the accumulation of secondary necrotic cells (SNECs) in macrophages through the reduction of protein degradation. The upreguation of miR-210-5p inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and SNEC clearance. miR-210-5p overexpression suppressed Sp1 and HSCARG expression, and the knockdown of SP1 and HSCARG inhibited NOX expression and superoxide production in macrophages. Furthermore, patients with active SLE expressed a higher level of miR-210-5p and lower expression of SP1 and HSCARG in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In summary, our findings indicate that the upregulation of miR-210-5p increases the accumulation of SNECs through a decrease in the Sp1-and HSCARG-mediated NOX activity and ROS generation in macrophages. Our results also suggest that targeting miR-210-5p may have therapeutic potential for SLE.
Subject(s)
Macrophages , MicroRNAs , NADPH Oxidases , Sp1 Transcription Factor , Transcription Factors/genetics , Humans , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Macrophages/cytology , MicroRNAs/genetics , NADPH Oxidases/genetics , Oxidoreductases , Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Excessive consumption of analgesic drug acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe oxidative stress-mediated liver injury. Here, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of aged citrus peel (Chenpi, CP), a Chinese herb usually used in foods in Asia, against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CP water (CP-WE), ethanolic (CP-EE), and water extraction residue ethanolic (CP-WREE) extracts were prepared. We found that CP-WREE contained higher content of bioactive flavonoids, including narirutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, and more effectively enhanced the Nrf2 pathway in ARE-luciferase reporter gene transfected human HepG2-C8 cells. In mouse AML-12 hepatocytes, CP-WREE minimized APAP-induced damage and lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream defense enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, and UGT1A). CP-WREE also downregulated HDACs and DNMTs, upregulated KDMs, and increased the unmethylated Nrf2 promoter level. Additionally, CP-WREE blocked in vitro DNA methyltransferase activity. Taken together, CP-WREE might attenuate oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity through epigenetically regulating Nrf2-mediated cellular defense system.
Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Citrus/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics , Acetaminophen/adverse effects , Animals , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/genetics , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Hep G2 Cells , Hepatocytes/drug effects , Humans , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Mice , NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Woodhead's angelfish (Centropyge woodheadi) and Herald's angelfish (Centropyge heraldi) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 863 and 16 836 bp, shows 95.3% identity to each other. Both mitogenome follow a typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1158 bp in C. woodheadi and 1129 bp in C. heraldi and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 47.9% for C. woodheadi and 47.5% for C. heraldi. The complete mitogenomes of C. woodheadi and C. heraldi provide an essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.
Subject(s)
Fishes/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial , Animals , Base Composition , Evolution, Molecular , Fish Proteins/genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Transfer/genetics , Whole Genome SequencingABSTRACT
In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Cocos lemonpeel angelfish (Centropyge flavissima) and Eibl's angelfish (Centropyge eibli) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 17 010 bp and 17 101 bp, showing 98.3% identity each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1302 bp in C. flavissima and 1392 bp in C. eibli and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 45.2% for C. flavissima and 44.9% for C. eibli. Complete mitogenomes of C. flavissima and C. eibli provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfishes.
Subject(s)
Genome, Mitochondrial , Perciformes/genetics , Animals , Base Composition , Fish Proteins/genetics , Perciformes/classification , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Transfer/genetics , Sequence HomologyABSTRACT
In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Barred angelfish (Paracentropyge multifasciata) and Purplemask angelfish (Paracentropyge venusta) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 502 bp and 16 641 bp, showing 88.6% identity each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 787 bp in P. multifasciata and 923 bp in P. venusta and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.5% for P. multifasciata and 46.2% for P. venusta. Complete mitogenomes of P. multifasciata and P. venusta provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.
Subject(s)
Fishes/classification , Fishes/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial , Animals , Base Composition , Genes, Mitochondrial , Genome Size , Open Reading Frames , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Whole Genome SequencingABSTRACT
Whitetail Angelfish (Centropyge flavicauda) and Orangeback Angelfish (Centropyge acanthops) are known as pygmy angelfish due to their small body size (usually less than two inches). In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of C. flavicauda and C. acanthops for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 747 bp and 16 748 bp, was showing 99.2% identity each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 895 bp in C. flavicauda and 896 bp in C. acanthops and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.4% for C. flavicauda and C. acanthops. Complete mitogenomes of C. flavicauda and C. acanthops provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfish.
Subject(s)
Fishes/classification , Fishes/genetics , Genome, Mitochondrial , Animals , Base Composition , Gene Rearrangement , Genes, Mitochondrial , Genome Size , Open Reading Frames , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Whole Genome SequencingABSTRACT
The Leopard whipray (Himantura leoparda) and Blue-spotted stingray (Neotrygon kuhlii) are distributed in the Indian and West Pacific Ocean and considered as complex species based on morphological and molecular evidences. In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to decode two complete mitogenomes of H. leoparda and N. kuhlii. The assembled mitogenome, consisting lengths of 17,690 bp for H. leoparda and 17,974 bp for N. kuhlii, shows 78% identity to each other. Both mitogenomes follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop with the lengths 1931 bp (H. leoparda) and 2243 bp (N. kuhlii) is located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 40.3% for H. leoparda and 39.8% for N. kuhlii. The complete mitogenome of H. leoparda and N. kuhlii provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for stingray species complex.
Subject(s)
Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods , Skates, Fish , Animals , Base Composition/genetics , Phylogeny , RNA, Ribosomal/genetics , RNA, Transfer/genetics , Skates, Fish/geneticsABSTRACT
In this study, we used the next-generation sequencing method to deduce two complete mitogenomes of Spotbreast angelfish (Genicanthus melanospilos) and Blackstriped angelfish (Genicanthus lamarck) for the first time. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16 736 bp and 16 616 bp, showing 91.8% identity each other. Both mitogenome follow the typical vertebrate arrangement, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs genes and a non-coding control region of D-loop. D-loop contains 1026 bp in G. melanospilos and 912 bp in G. lamarck and locates between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The overall GC content is 46.2% for G. melanospilos and 46.3% for G. lamarck. Complete mitogenomes of G. melanospilos and G. lamarck provide essential and important DNA molecular data for phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for marine angelfishes.
