Correlation of periodontitis with mandibular radiomorphometric indices, serum calcium and serum estradiol in postmenopausal women: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis and periodontitis have several risk factors in common. The majority of studies evaluating periodontal bone loss and systemic bone mineral density have found that low bone mineral density systemically is significantly associated with an increase in loss of alveolar bone height and periodontal destruction. Hence, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of periodontitis on mandibular radiomorphometric indices, serum calcium and serum estradiol levels in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty female patients in the age group of 35-55 years were included in the study. The participants were divided into two equal groups, i.e., control group A (twenty - postmenopausal women with healthy periodontium) and study group B (twenty - postmenopausal women with periodontitis). A thorough clinical examination of all the forty patients was carried out to detect the presence of periodontitis on the basis of clinical attachment level. Quantitative indices were measured on digital panoramic radiographs, and serum calcium and estradiol levels were estimated. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation of periodontitis with any of the radiomorphometric indices, serum calcium and serum estradiol levels was observed in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence of correlation of serum estradiol, serum calcium levels, and morphometric indices with periodontitis and therefore detailed further research about this correlation is required.

Correlation of Mandibular Radiomorphometric Indices with Serum Calcium and Serum Estradiol in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a disease that is seen commonly with increasing age. The purpose of this study was to compare the bone quality of pre- and post-menopausal women using the quantitative indices determined by measurements on panoramic radiographs (mental index, inferior and superior panoramic mandibular indices, antegonion index [AGI], and gonion index) and to determine the effects of serum calcium and serum estradiol levels on alveolar bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty female patients in the age group of 25-55 years were included in the study. The patients were divided into three equal groups, i.e., control Group A (twenty - premenopausal women), study Group B (twenty - postmenopausal women with healthy periodontium), study Group C (twenty - postmenopausal women with periodontitis). Quantitative indices were measured on digital panoramic radiographs of the patients and serum calcium and estradiol levels were determined. RESULTS: Correlation of serum calcium with radiomorphometric indices of all the groups showed statistically nonsignificant differences. On correlating mean estradiol levels with radiographic indices of patients of Group A and Group B showed statistically nonsignificant differences. On correlating mean estradiol levels with radiographic indices of patients of Group C patients showed statistically significant difference with positive correlation with cortical width (P = 0.04) and AGI (P = 0.02) while statistically nonsignificant correlation with other indices. The statistical tests used for the analysis of the result were one-way ANOVA, multiple comparison Tukey test, Chi-square test, Student's t-test. CONCLUSION: There is a little evidence of correlation of these indices with serum estradiol and calcium levels, and therefore, detailed further research about this correlation is required.