ABSTRACT
Anaplasma genus has been classified under the family Anaplasmataceae of order Rickettsiales, which contains the spp. Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma platys and Anaplasma phagocytophilum is accountable for a broad range of diseases in both man and animal medicine around the globe. A multiplex PCR procedure was designed to identify A. marginale, A. bovis, and A. platys simultaneously by employing species-specific primers targeting the msp4 (Anaplasma marginale), 16S rRNA (Anaplasma bovis), and groEL (Anaplasma platys) genes. The sensitivity of the assay was ascertained by tenfold dilutions of DNA obtained from cattle blood infected with A. marginale, A. bovis, and A. platys was used to evaluate the test sensitivity. A total of 31 Anaplasma genus positive samples were subjected to mPCR by using species specific primers for simultaneous detection of all the three species. All the 31 samples showed amplification of 753 bp fragment specific for A. marginale and 61.29% of the samples showed amplification of 547 bp fragment specific for A. bovis. The 470 bp DNA fragment specific for A. platys was found in 96.7% of samples. The lower limit of detection of the method for A. platys, A. marginale and A. bovis was found to be 4.4, 0.44 and 0.044 ng/µl, respectively.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of theileriosis in goats from southern districts of Karnataka. Out of 47 goat blood samples examined by microscopy, 68.08% (32/47) were positive for Theileria spp. The parasitemia ranged from 1.0 to 1.8 and 0.1-0.9% in clinical and carrier animals respectively. Out of 325 ticks collected from goats, 92.6 (301) and 7.38 (24)% of the ticks were found to be Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus respectively. Hemaphysalis kutchensis (90.15%) was found to be the predominant species followed by R. haemaphysaloides (6.7%), H. intermedia (1.84%), H. bispinosa (0.61%) and R. sanguineus (0.61%). The present study indicated that caprine theileriosis is an endemic disease in Karnataka and suggested that Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus ticks may play a role in transmission of the disease.
ABSTRACT
AIM: This study was conducted for the isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) isolated from the nasal and vaginal swabs collected from naturally infected cattle showing clinical symptoms of the respiratory disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolation of BoHV-1 virus performed on clinical samples collected from 65 cattle from five states of India. The BoHV-1 isolates were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for glycoprotein B (gB) genomic region. PCR amplification was performed using previously published gB gene-specific primer pairs. gB PCR amplicons obtained from all isolates were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using software. RESULTS: A total of 12 samples were found positive in cell culture isolation. 11 isolates showed the visible cytopathic effect on Madin-Darby bovine kidney after 72 h. Partial sequence analysis of gB gene of all isolates revealed 99.0-100% homology between them. All isolates showed 99.2-99.8% homology with Cooper stain. CONCLUSION: BoHV-1.1 is the predominant circulating subtype of BoHV in India, and all isolates have homology with Cooper stain.
ABSTRACT
AIM: The present study was conducted to know the current scenario of classical swine fever (CSF) in Bengaluru Urban, Bengaluru Rural, Chikkaballapur, Madikeri, Mandya, Bagalkot, Gadag, Yadgir, Koppal, and Bidar districts of Karnataka with the using of both antigen and antibody ELISA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected 218 sera and 121 blood samples from pigs from 10 different districts of Karnataka. Screening of sera for CSF IgG antibody and whole blood for CSF virus antigen were carried out using the CSF virus (CSFV) antibody and antigen ELISA kits, respectively. RESULTS: The mean seroprevalence was 41% (89/218) and prevalence of CSFV antigen in blood samples was 32% (39/121) for the 10 districts of Karnataka. Seroprevalence of 61%, 29%, 20%, and 21%; and antigen prevalence of 40%, 50%, 13%, and 12% were recorded for Bangalore, Mysore, Belgaum, and Gulbarga divisions of Karnataka, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of CSF, both for the antigen (32%) and antibody (41%) in Karnataka. Southern Karnataka has the highest seroprevalence (61% in Bangalore and 29% in Mysore divisions), which confirms the endemicity of the disease in that region. This could be attributed to the intensive pig farming practices in the region as compared to Northern Karnataka (Seroprevalence of 20% in Belgaum and 21% in Gulbarga divisions), where the commercial pig farming is still in infantile stages.
ABSTRACT
The present paper describes the isolation of buffalo pox virus from scab lesions and its molecular characterization through B5R gene sequencing. During our study, pustular pox lesions were observed on the teats and mammary parenchyma of cattle and buffaloes, and the disease was of significant zoonotic importance since similar lesions were produced on the hands, legs, and face of people in close contact with the affected animals. The collected scab materials were subjected for virus isolation in 9-11-day-old chicken embryos by the chorioallontoic membrane route and in the Vero cell line. The virus was confirmed by a sensitive and rapid diagnostic polymerase chain reaction using the primers that amplify "A type inclusion" gene, and further, B5R gene of the virus was sequenced and compared with the corresponding sequences of other orthopoxviruses. The results showed high sequence homology of our isolates with other orthopoxviruses.
