ABSTRACT
The present study deals with investigation of larvicidal activity and their chemical constituents of the essential oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae). Totally, 18 chemical compounds were identified by GC and GC-MS analysis. Thymol (19.13 %) and α-phellandrene (14.9 %) were identified as major chemical components followed by camphor (12.14 %), borneol (11.31 %), and carvacrol (8.65 %). The larval mortality was observed after 12 and 24 h of exposure period. The results revealed that the essential oil were evaluated against the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. After 12 h of exposure period, the larvicidal activities were LC50 = 196.9 and LC90 = 523.5 ppm (A. aegypti), LC50 = 88.1 and LC90 = 272.4 ppm (A.stephensi), and LC50 = 241.6 and LC90 = 545.4 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus), and the larvicidal activities after 24 h of exposure period were LC50 = 99.9 and LC90 = 300.8 ppm (A. aegypti), LC50 = 53.9 and LC90 = 172.6 ppm (A. stephensi), and LC50 = 141.7 and LC90 = 364.0 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus). The results of the present study showed that the essential oil from seeds of N. sativa is inexpensive food formulation and new source of natural larvicidal agent.
Subject(s)
Aedes/drug effects , Anopheles/drug effects , Culex/drug effects , Insecticides/pharmacology , Nigella sativa/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Insecticides/chemistry , Larva/drug effects , Mosquito Control , Oils, Volatile , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Oils/chemistry , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Seeds/chemistryABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical composition and larvicidal effect of leaf essential oil from Murraya exotica against early fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses revealed that the essential oil contained 27 components. The major chemical components identified were ß-humulene (40.62%), benzyl benzoate (23.96%), ß-caryophyllene (7.05%) and α-terpinene (5.66%). The larval mortality was observed after 12 and 24 h of exposure period. The results revealed that essential oil showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against A. aegypti, A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus. After 12 h of exposure period, the larvicidal activities were LC50 = 74.7 and LC90 = 152.7 ppm (A. aegypti), LC50 = 56.3 and LC90 = 107.8 ppm (A. stephensi ), and LC50 = 74.4 and LC90 = 136.9 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus) and the larvicidal activities after 24 h of exposure period were LC50 = 35.8 and LC90 = 85.4 ppm (A. aegypti), LC50 = 31.3 and LC90 = 75.1 ppm (A. stephensi), and LC50 = 43.2 and LC90 = 103.2 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus). These results suggest that leaf essential oil from M. exotica is a promising and eco-friendly source of natural larvicidal agent against A. aegypti, A. stephensi and C. quinquefasciatus.
Subject(s)
Aedes/drug effects , Anopheles/drug effects , Culex/drug effects , Insecticides/pharmacology , Murraya/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Animals , Benzoates/analysis , Benzoates/isolation & purification , Cyclohexane Monoterpenes , Insecticides/chemistry , Insecticides/isolation & purification , Larva/drug effects , Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes , Monoterpenes/analysis , Monoterpenes/isolation & purification , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/chemistry , Plant Oils/isolation & purification , Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes , Sesquiterpenes/analysis , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) extracts of four halophytic plants, viz. Arthrocnemum indicum, Salicornia brachiata, Suaeda maritima and Suaeda monoica belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae, were prepared and their composition was analyzed by GC-MS. The FAME extracts were also screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of more saturated fatty acids than unsaturated fatty acids. Among the fatty acids analyzed, the relative percentage of lauric acid was high in S. brachiata (61.85%). The FAME extract of S. brachiata showed the highest antibacterial and antifungal activities among the extracts tested. The other three extracts showed potent antibacterial and moderate anticandidal activities.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Chenopodiaceae/chemistry , Chenopodiaceae/classification , Fatty Acids/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Aspergillus/drug effects , Candida/drug effects , Esters/isolation & purification , Fatty Acids/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
The larvicidal activity of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) extracts of Vitex altissima, Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia was studied against early fourth-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The fatty composition was analysed by gas chromatography. The highest percentage of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid were recorded in V. negundo. The highest percentage of linolenic acid was recorded in V. trifolia. The FAME extract of V. trifolia showed the highest larvicidal activity with an LC50 value of 9.25 ppm followed by V. altissima (14.82 ppm) and V. negundo (18.64 ppm).
Subject(s)
Culex/drug effects , Fatty Acids/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Larva/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Vitex/chemistry , Animals , Fatty Acids/isolation & purification , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Insecticides/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
The early fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, reared in the laboratory were used for larvicidal assay with leaf extracts of Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia, Vitex peduncularis and Vitex altissima. The methanol extracts of the four species possessed varying levels of larvicidal nature. The highest larvicidal activity was found with the extract of V. trifolia (LC(50) = 41.41 ppm) followed by V. peduncularis (LC(50) = 76.28 ppm), V. altissima (LC(50) = 128.04 ppm) and V. negundo (LC(50) = 212.57 ppm).
