ß-caryophyllene attenuates oxidative stress and hepatocellular mitochondrial dysfunction in type-2 diabetic rats induced with high fat and fructose diets.

Objective: Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and systemic resistance to insulin are typical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the main pathophysiological alterations in insulin-sensitive organs is mitochondrial malfunction associated with oxidative stress and diminished fuel utilization. ß-Caryophyllene (BCP) has qualities that are anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic. In this work, rats suffering from type 2 diabetes were given a diet high in fat and sugar with the aim of examining the ameliorative effects of BCP on oxidative stress-mediated hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: The diabetic condition was experimentally induced by feeding rats a high-calorie diet. The rats were then administered the recommended doses of BCP and metformin (MET) once every day for 30 days at 200 mg and 50 mg concentrations per kg of body weight, respectively, to prove the hypothesis of the study that BCP ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be identified by indicators such as oxidative stress, cardiolipin dienes, membrane phospholipid concentration, and mitochondrial enzymes. Results: The mitochondria in the liver of rats with diabetes exhibit elevated redox imbalance-related parameters and malfunctioning mitochondria with peroxided cardiolipin, while their amounts of glutathione and phospholipids are lowered. Oxidative stress indices, ameliorated mitochondrial activities, and peroxided cardiolipin were drastically decreased in rats with diabetes treated with BCP or MET. Conclusions: The present research demonstrated that BCP improved the vital role of mitochondria by reducing free radical dominance in type 2 diabetic experimental rats fed high-fat and high-sugar diets.

Phytochemical cocktail of Asanadi ganaextract in the management of diabetes.

It is of interest to investigate that the phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant potential and glycosidase inhibitory potential of Asanadi ganaa polyherbal formulation. Asanadi ganais a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, markedly used for alleviation of Prameha and Medodosha, which correlates in many ways with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (madhumeha). The phytochemical constituents, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and free radical scavenging activity of the polyherbal formulation extracts were determined. Comparing it to the common medication Acarbose, its inhibitory impact against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase was also examined. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as terpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic, saponins, alkaloids and Glycosides. The ethanol extract had high phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas the aqueous extract had more tannin content (181 ± 5.5µg/mg), (132 ± 5.50 µg/mg), (22± 1.6 µg/mg respectively. we conclude that the extracts of ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, particularly ethanol extract are a potential source of natural antioxidants and remarkable glycosidase inhibitory activity. Hence, Asanadi ganahas the potential to be a safe and effective natural treatment for the delay or prevention of diabetic complications.

In Vitro and In Silico Screening and Characterization of Antimicrobial Napin Bioactive Protein in Brassica juncea and Moringa oleifera.

The study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf extracts and coagulant protein for their potential application in water treatment. Bacterial cell aggregation and growth kinetics studies were employed for thirteen bacterial strains with different concentrations of leaf extracts and coagulant protein. Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOS) and coagulant protein showed cell aggregation against ten bacterial strains, whereas leaf extract alone showed growth inhibition of five bacterial strains for up to 6 h and five bacterial strains for up to 3 h. Brassica juncea leaf extract (BJS) showed growth inhibition for up to 6 h, and three bacterial strains showed inhibition for up to 3 h. The highest inhibition concentration with 2.5 mg/mL was 19 mm, and furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.5 mg/mL) and MBC (1.5 mg/mL) were determined to have a higher antibacterial effect for <3 KDa peptides. Based on LCMS analysis, napin was identified in both MOS and BJS; furthermore, the mode of action of napin peptide was determined on lipoprotein X complex (LpxC) and four-chained structured binding protein of bacterial type II topoisomerase (4PLB). The docking analysis has exhibited moderate to potent inhibition with a range of dock score -912.9 Kcal/mol. Thus, it possesses antibacterial-coagulant potential bioactive peptides present in the Moringa oleifera purified protein (MOP) and Brassica juncea purified protein (BJP) that could act as an effective antimicrobial agent to replace currently available antibiotics. The result implies that MOP and Brassica juncea purified coagulant (BJP) proteins may perform a wide degree of antibacterial functions against different pathogens.

Identification and Purification of Potential Bioactive Peptide of Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts.

The aim of the study was to investigate the antibacterial and anticoagulant activity of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) seed extracts and coagulant protein for their potential application in water treatment. Pathogenic microorganisms were obtained from Ramachandra Hospital, Chennai, India. Bacterial cell aggregation and growth kinetics studies were employed for six bacterial strains with different concentrations of seed extracts and coagulant protein. Moringa seed extract and coagulant protein showed cell aggregation against six bacterial strains, whereas seed extract alone showed growth inhibition of all six bacterial strains for up to 6 h, compared to that of control. Escherichia coli and Salmonella para typhi B did not develop resistance against coagulant protein. The results imply that Moringa oleifera is likely an efficient low-molecular bioactive peptide (with <7.5 kDa plant-based coagulant and antimicrobial peptides, confirmed by applying amino acid sequences), using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and HPLC, with the corresponding sequences from Napin-1A peptide posing different degrees of antibacterial activity against different pathogenic organisms.

Effect of Rice Processing towards Lower Rapidly Available Glucose (RAG) Favors Idli, a South Indian Fermented Food Suitable for Diabetic Patients.

The Asian food pattern primarily embraces rice and rice-based products, which mainly comprise 90% starch. Among these various food products, Idli is mostly prepared through fermentation. It has high palatability, and the rapid and highly digestible nature of the food product results in a higher post-glucose level in diabetic patients. A heat-treated Idli rice sample was prepared by roasting parboiled rice at the temperature range of 155 to 165 °C for 65 to 75 s. Idli/rice-based Dokala made from heat-treated rice is better when compared to untreated rice in terms of its microbiological profile and physiochemical properties. The proximate composition of heat-treated parboiled rice Idli/Rice Dokala showed slightly higher values than the untreated parboiled rice Idli/Rice Dokala, which reveals that it has marginally higher nutritive value. Determination of the Rapidly Available Glucose (RAG) and Slowly Available Glucose (SAG) values, SEM analysis, resistant starch analysis, microbial assay, and in vivo studies were performed to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load in normal and diabetic persons. Sensory analysis also proved that heat-treated Idli/Rice Dokala is superior to untreated based on the color, flavor, appearance, taste, and texture.

Preservative effect of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) extract on their molecular docking, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

This study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts of Chinese cabbage Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (BRARP) and their antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties. Of the different solvents extracts, the chloroform extracts (CE) were significantly inhibited the bacterial pathogens at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16.5 mg.mL-1. Biochemical analysis revealed that total phenol (62.6 ± 0.05 mg GAE.g-1) and flavonoids (27.6 ± 0.04 mg QE.g-1) were higher in the extracts of BRARP, which resulted in enhanced antioxidant activity in CE. A total of eight dominant compounds were detected in the potent antimicrobial extract from BRARP based on GC-MS analysis. The molecular interactions study revealed that, among the screened compounds the 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2,3-dicyanopropionamide interacted with the active site of pathogenicity and survival related protein with lipopolysaccharide (LpxC) with higer binding energy. This work concluded that the 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid and 2, 3-Dicyanopropionamide from BRARP was reported to be good non-cytotoxic and antioxidant antimicrobials against bacterial pathogens.