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1.
Case Rep Orthop ; 2020: 8873350, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32934858

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A collapsed nonhealed vertebral fracture with endplate destruction is a challenging injury to address, as there is no single definitive treatment. We present two cases using an innovative transforaminal grafting technique to treat these patients. Case Presentation. Case 1: a 72-year-old woman had nonunion of an L1 compression fracture with destruction of both endplates. T12/L1 and L1/L2 transforaminal debridement and impaction of bone graft were performed followed by posterior instrumentation. At three years follow-up, the fusion mass between T12/L1 and L1/L2 was solid and the patient had minimal pain. Case 2: a 62-year-old woman had nonunion of an L1 burst fracture with destruction of the lower endplate. Hemilaminectomy and transforaminal interbody impaction of bone graft was performed. At three years follow-up, the patient had no back pain and a solid fusion. In both cases, local kyphosis was corrected and fusion obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Collapsed nonhealed vertebral body fractures combined with endplate destruction can be successfully treated with a one-step posterior surgery consisting of transforaminal debridement and impaction of bone graft in combination with posterior pedicle instrumentation.

2.
World Neurosurg ; 137: 367-371, 2020 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32084619

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The distal extent of the spinal cord is most often at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebral body. In rare cases, a low-lying cord extends more distally. In this scenario, pathology that normally causes radiculopathy may cause myelopathy due to compression of the cord rather than nerve roots of the cauda equina. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 40-year-old man presented with progressive leg pain, sensory changes, hyperreflexia, and gait disturbance 1 month after a fall. The patient was myelopathic and had central L1/2 and L2/3 disk herniations. After unsuccessful unilateral laminotomy bilateral decompression, it was decided that an endoscopic diskectomy would be the best technique to remove the disk herniation without trauma to the cord or destabilizing the spine to require fusion. A percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy at L1/2 was performed under local anesthesia. The patient's leg pain, sensory changes, hyperreflexia, and gait disturbance resolved after surgery, and he was doing well at 6 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with spina bifida occulta who present with myelopathy, lumbar disk herniation should be considered if the patient has a low-lying cord. This is the first report of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy for lumbar disk herniation in the presence of a low-lying spinal cord. We have demonstrated that this approach can treat this condition effectively and safely.


Subject(s)
Diskectomy/methods , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae , Spina Bifida Occulta/complications , Spinal Cord Compression/surgery , Adult , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Disease Progression , Humans , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/complications , Intervertebral Disc Displacement/diagnostic imaging , Laminectomy/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Neural Tube Defects/complications , Spinal Cord Compression/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Cord Compression/etiology
3.
ACS Nano ; 5(12): 9883-91, 2011 Dec 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22066492

ABSTRACT

Biomarker detection based on nanowire biosensors has attracted a significant amount of research effort in recent years. However, only very limited research work has been directed toward biomarker detection directly from physiological fluids mainly because of challenges caused by the complexity of media. This limitation significantly reduces the practical impact generated by the aforementioned nanobiosensors. In this study, we demonstrate an In(2)O(3) nanowire-based biosensing system that is capable of performing rapid, label-free, electrical detection of cancer biomarkers directly from human whole blood collected by a finger prick. Passivating the nanowire surface successfully blocked the signal induced by nonspecific binding when performing active measurement in whole blood. Passivated devices showed markedly smaller signals induced by nonspecific binding of proteins and other biomaterials in serum and higher sensitivity to target biomarkers than bare devices. The detection limit of passivated sensors for biomarkers in whole blood was similar to the detection limit for the same analyte in purified buffer solutions at the same ionic strength, suggesting minimal decrease in device performance in the complex media. We then demonstrated detection of multiple cancer biomarkers with high reliability at clinically meaningful concentrations from whole blood collected by a finger prick using this sensing system.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Blood Chemical Analysis/instrumentation , Conductometry/instrumentation , Crystallization/methods , Immunoassay/instrumentation , Ovarian Neoplasms/blood , CA-125 Antigen/blood , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Female , Humans , Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/analysis , Membrane Proteins/blood , Nanomedicine/instrumentation , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Staining and Labeling
4.
ACS Nano ; 3(12): 3969-76, 2009 Dec 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19921812

ABSTRACT

Nanowire/nanotube biosensors have stimulated significant interest; however, the inevitable device-to-device variation in the biosensor performance remains a great challenge. We have developed an analytical method to calibrate nanowire biosensor responses that can suppress the device-to-device variation in sensing response significantly. The method is based on our discovery of a strong correlation between the biosensor gate dependence (dI(ds)/dV(g)) and the absolute response (absolute change in current, DeltaI). In(2)O(3) nanowire-based biosensors for streptavidin detection were used as the model system. Studying the liquid gate effect and ionic concentration dependence of strepavidin sensing indicates that electrostatic interaction is the dominant mechanism for sensing response. Based on this sensing mechanism and transistor physics, a linear correlation between the absolute sensor response (DeltaI) and the gate dependence (dI(ds)/dV(g)) is predicted and confirmed experimentally. Using this correlation, a calibration method was developed where the absolute response is divided by dI(ds)/dV(g) for each device, and the calibrated responses from different devices behaved almost identically. Compared to the common normalization method (normalization of the conductance/resistance/current by the initial value), this calibration method was proven advantageous using a conventional transistor model. The method presented here substantially suppresses device-to-device variation, allowing the use of nanosensors in large arrays.


Subject(s)
Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Biosensing Techniques/standards , Nanotechnology/instrumentation , Nanotechnology/standards , Nanotubes/chemistry , Calibration , Electrochemistry/instrumentation , Electrochemistry/standards , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , United States
5.
ACS Nano ; 3(5): 1219-24, 2009 May 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19422193

ABSTRACT

Antibody mimic proteins (AMPs) are polypeptides that bind to their target analytes with high affinity and specificity, just like conventional antibodies, but are much smaller in size (2-5 nm, less than 10 kDa). In this report, we describe the first application of AMP in the field of nanobiosensors. In(2)O(3) nanowire based biosensors have been configured with an AMP (Fibronectin, Fn) to detect nucleocapsid (N) protein, a biomarker for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Using these devices, N protein was detected at subnanomolar concentration in the presence of 44 microM bovine serum albumin as a background. Furthermore, the binding constant of the AMP to Fn was determined from the concentration dependence of the response of our biosensors.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/chemistry , Biomimetic Materials/chemistry , Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation , Electrochemistry/instrumentation , Indium/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/isolation & purification , Equipment Design , Fibronectins/immunology , Macromolecular Substances/chemistry , Molecular Conformation , Nanostructures/ultrastructure , Nanotechnology/instrumentation , Particle Size , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology , Staining and Labeling , Surface Properties
6.
Nanotechnology ; 20(12): 125503, 2009 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19420469

ABSTRACT

A novel hybrid chemical sensor array composed of individual In(2)O(3) nanowires, SnO(2) nanowires, ZnO nanowires, and single-walled carbon nanotubes with integrated micromachined hotplates for sensitive gas discrimination was demonstrated. Key features of our approach include the integration of nanowire and carbon nanotube sensors, precise control of the sensor temperature using the micromachined hotplates, and the use of principal component analysis for pattern recognition. This sensor array was exposed to important industrial gases such as hydrogen, ethanol and nitrogen dioxide at different concentrations and sensing temperatures, and an excellent selectivity was obtained to build up an interesting 'smell-print' library of these gases. Principal component analysis of the sensing results showed great discrimination of those three tested chemicals, and in-depth analysis revealed clear improvement of selectivity by the integration of carbon nanotube sensors. This nanoelectronic nose approach has great potential for detecting and discriminating between a wide variety of gases, including explosive ones and nerve agents.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Gases/analysis , Nanotechnology/instrumentation , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Nanowires/chemistry , Chemical Warfare Agents , Electrochemistry , Ethanol/chemistry , Explosive Agents , Hydrogen/chemistry , Indium/chemistry , Nitrogen Dioxide/chemistry , Nose , Odorants/analysis , Principal Component Analysis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temperature
7.
ACS Nano ; 3(1): 73-9, 2009 Jan 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19206251

ABSTRACT

We report high-performance fully transparent thin-film transistors (TTFTs) on both rigid and flexible substrates with transfer printed aligned nanotubes as the active channel and indium-tin oxide as the source, drain, and gate electrodes. Such transistors have been fabricated through low-temperature processing, which allowed device fabrication even on flexible substrates. Transparent transistors with high effective mobilities (approximately 1300 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) were first demonstrated on glass substrates via engineering of the source and drain contacts, and high on/off ratio (3 x 10(4)) was achieved using electrical breakdown. In addition, flexible TTFTs with good transparency were also fabricated and successfully operated under bending up to 120 degrees . All of the devices showed good transparency (approximately 80% on average). The transparent transistors were further utilized to construct a fully transparent and flexible logic inverter on a plastic substrate and also used to control commercial GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with light intensity modulation of 10(3). Our results suggest that aligned nanotubes have great potential to work as building blocks for future transparent electronics.


Subject(s)
Carbon/chemistry , Nanotechnology/methods , Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry , Electrochemistry/methods , Electronics , Equipment Design , Glass , Light , Materials Testing , Models, Statistical , Nanostructures/chemistry , Polyethylene Terephthalates/chemistry , Surface Properties , Temperature
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